A & P

Question 1

how many vertebrae are in spinal column?

Answer 1

32-33

Question 2

cervical vertebrae

Answer 2

C1-C7

Question 3

thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

T1-T12

Question 4

lumbar vertebrae

Answer 4

L1-L5

Question 5

sacral vertebrae

Answer 5

S1-S5

Question 6

coccygeal vertebrae

Answer 6

3-4 (fused and called coccyx)

Question 7

trachea: tube formed by approximately __ rings of _____

Answer 7

20 rings of cartilage

Question 8

3 biological functions of larynx

Answer 8

close trachea so food/substances don’t enter lungs
close VF’s to build pressure
cough reflex

Question 9

myoelastic-aerodynamic theory

Answer 9

subglottal air pressure builds up, eventually pushes folds apart, and also causes vibration;
then pressure eventually decreases and folds are pulled back together

Question 10

bernoulli effect

Answer 10

increased speed of air passing between VF’s which sucks folds together

Question 11

brainstem is made up of what?

Answer 11

midbrain, pons, medulla

Question 12

reticular activating system executes ______. it is the primary mechanism of ______

Answer 12

motor activity;

attention and consciousness

Question 13

what is AKA the “little brain”? and what does it do?

Answer 13

cerebellum, which regulates balance, posture, fine movements (including speech!)

Question 14

re: the cerebrum, what is a ridge in the cortex?

Answer 14

gyrus

Question 15

re: the cerebrum, what is a shallow valley in the cortex?

Answer 15

sulcus

Question 16

re: the cerebrum, what is a deeper valley?

Answer 16

fissure

Question 17

what is primary function of the pyramidal system?

Answer 17

voluntary muscle movement

Question 18

corticobulbar tract controls what?

Answer 18

voluntary movements of speech muscles

Question 19

corticobulbar (and corticospinal) tract(s) are divided into what?

Answer 19

lower motor neurons and upper motor neurons

Question 20

LMNs are located where?

Answer 20

spinal and cranial nerves

Question 21

UMNs are located where?

Answer 21

central nervous system

Question 22

what is primary function of the extrapyramidal system?

Answer 22

fine motor movements (speech!)

Question 23

what lobe contains primary motor cortex (motor strip)?

Answer 23

frontal

Question 24

what controls muscle movements through pyramidal system?

Answer 24

primary motor cortex (motor strip)

Question 25

what lobe contains sensory cortex (sensory strip)?

Answer 25

parietal

Question 26

what lobe contains primary visual cortex?

Answer 26

occipital

Question 27

what lobe contains primary auditory cortex?

Answer 27

temporal

Question 28

what lobe deals with pressure, pain, temperature, and touch?

Answer 28

parietal

Question 29

framework of respiration

Answer 29

trachea

lungs

bronchi

sternum

spinal column

rib cage

Question 30

muscles of respiration

Answer 30

diaphragm

intercostals (internal and external)

accessory muscles of neck

Question 31

internal intercostal muscles pull ribs ____ for _____ _________

Answer 31

down

forced exhalation

Question 32

external intercostals do what to ribs?

Answer 32

raise ribs up or out for inhalation

Question 33

2 muscles of neck

Answer 33

traps and sternocleidomastoid

Question 34

pathway of respiration starting with mouth/nose

Answer 34

mouth/nose

pharynx

VF’s- abducted

trachea

bronchi

bronchioles

alveolar ducts

Question 35

larynx is made up of 1 bone and 9 cartilages. What are they?

Answer 35

epiglottis

cricoid

thyroid

arytenoids (2)

corniculates (2)

cuneiforms (2)