A & P Flashcards
how many vertebrae are in spinal column?
32-33
cervical vertebrae
C1-C7
thoracic vertebrae
T1-T12
lumbar vertebrae
L1-L5
sacral vertebrae
S1-S5
coccygeal vertebrae
3-4 (fused and called coccyx)
trachea: tube formed by approximately __ rings of _____
20 rings of cartilage
3 biological functions of larynx
close trachea so food/substances don’t enter lungs
close VF’s to build pressure
cough reflex
myoelastic-aerodynamic theory
subglottal air pressure builds up, eventually pushes folds apart, and also causes vibration;
then pressure eventually decreases and folds are pulled back together
bernoulli effect
increased speed of air passing between VF’s which sucks folds together
brainstem is made up of what?
midbrain, pons, medulla
reticular activating system executes ______. it is the primary mechanism of ______
motor activity;
attention and consciousness
what is AKA the “little brain”? and what does it do?
cerebellum, which regulates balance, posture, fine movements (including speech!)
re: the cerebrum, what is a ridge in the cortex?
gyrus
re: the cerebrum, what is a shallow valley in the cortex?
sulcus
re: the cerebrum, what is a deeper valley?
fissure
what is primary function of the pyramidal system?
voluntary muscle movement
corticobulbar tract controls what?
voluntary movements of speech muscles
corticobulbar (and corticospinal) tract(s) are divided into what?
lower motor neurons and upper motor neurons
LMNs are located where?
spinal and cranial nerves
UMNs are located where?
central nervous system
what is primary function of the extrapyramidal system?
fine motor movements (speech!)
what lobe contains primary motor cortex (motor strip)?
frontal
what controls muscle movements through pyramidal system?
primary motor cortex (motor strip)
