Voice Flashcards
muscles of respiration-expiration
- internal obliques
- external obliques
- internal intercostals
- rectus abdominis
- transverse abdominis
muscles of respiration-inspiration
external intercostals
- diaphragm
- sternocleidomastoid
- scalenes
- pectoralis major
- pectoralis minor
suprahyoid muscles of the larynx
- anterior digastric
- posterior digastric
- mylohyoid
- geniohyoid
- stylohyoid
- hyoglossus
infrahyoid muscles of the larynx
- omohyoid
- thyrohyoid
- sternohyoid
- sternothyroid
intrinsic muscles of the larynx
- thyroarytenoid
- cricothyroid
- interarytenoid
- lateral cricoarytenoid
- posterior cricoarytenoid
three layers of the lamina propria
superficial, intermediate, deep
5 layers of the vocal folds
- epithelium
- superficial lamina propria
- intermediate lamina propria
- deep lamina propria
- vocalis muscle
which of the following allows air to pass into the lungs?
trachea
what cartilage part of the phonatory system has a primary duty to block the opening of the larynx when we swallow so we don’t choke?
epiglottis
according to your test, which can assist in a voice evaluation
laryngeal videostroboscopy
normal voicing requires adequate:
respiration, phonation, resonance
changes in the mucosal layer of the vocal fold body can impact which of the following:
a. vocal quality
b. vocal pitch
c. vocal loudness
d. vocal closure
an extrinsic laryngeal muscle?
mylohyoid
an intrinsic laryngeal muscle?
thyroarytenoid
what are the three MAIN layers of the vocal folds
cover, vocal ligament, body
which branch of the vagus nerve innervates the glottal and supra glottal areas?
internal laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve
which portion of the vagus nerve innervates the glottal and infra glottal areas?
recurrent laryngeal nerve
what is a modal register?
the largest portion of one’s phonational range
what term refers to the aspects of voice perceived by listeners?
vocal quality
which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is the only source of vocal fold abduction?
posterior cricoarytenoid
which intrinsic laryngeal muscles shorten the length of the vocal folds?
thyroarytenoid and lateral cricoarytenoid
which intrinsic laryngeal muscle upon contraction, creates thinner vocal folds?
cricothyroid
which phonation mode is described by high fundamental frequency, strong cricothyroid contraction, and slightly abducted vocal folds?
falsetto
what laryngeal muscle elongates the vocal folds and stiffens the cover when contracted?
cricothyroid
what is the level of the larynx in the neck of an infant relative to the cervical section of the vertebral column?
c3-c4
what is the average fundamental frequency range of an infant?
400-600 Hz
this disorder is when the false vocal folds are pulled together due to extreme hypertension and actually vibrate instead of or with the true vocal folds
ventricular phonation
this voice disorder has variable symptoms, but no real pathology, often accompanied by tension in the neck, shoulders or jaw, producing a strained vocal quality
muscle tension dysphonia
this voice pathology is caused by damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, often a result of a stroke or TBI, the voice tends to sound weak and breathy
recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (unilateral)
this condition is characterized by fluid-filled sacks/lesions composed of gelatinous material in the lamina propria
vocal fold polyps
this pathology requires surgery, chemo-therapy, radiation, SLP counseling and rehabilitative treatment of the voice
laryngeal carcinoma
this pathology is marked by inhalation “stridor” and fibrous tissue overgrowth that narrows the glottis
stenosis
this potential pathology occurs when gastric fluids seep through the esophageal sphincter to irritate the mucosa of the laryngeal area
laryngopharyngeal reflux
this vocal disorder results with a total loss of voice where the onset of aphonia is linked to an emotionally traumatic event
psychogenic conversation aphonia
this pathology results in a strained-strangles voce quality ONLY when the person is speaking, spasms are noted when the glottis closes for phonation
adductor spasmodic dysphonia
this condition is common in elite athletes, symptoms tend to be worse under conditions of exercise or stress
paradoxical vocal fold motion
this condition results in a thin voice, decreased loudness, increased breathiness, and lack of vocal flexibility in older adults
presbyphonia
this condition results from long-term trauma, presents with classical symptoms of a “smokers voice”
Reinke’s edema
this pathology occurs as bilateral symmetric lesions occurring on the medial edge between the anterior 1/3 and posterior 2/3’s of the vocal folds, results in mild to moderate dysphonia and roughness
vocal fold nodules
are nodules more prevalent in men or women?
women
this pathology is characterized by unilateral sacs on the cephalic surface or medial edge of the vocal folds
vocal fold cysts
this pathology occurs when scarring occurs on the superior lamina propria that produced a bowing or spindle shaped gap
sulcus vocalis
this condition occurs when there is a permanent tissue change in the structures of the lamina propria
vocal fold scarring
this pathology is when there are wart-like growths that develop in the epithelium and invade deeper in the lamina propria and vocals muscle
recurrent respiratory papilloma
this condition occurs when there is a build up of white plaque on the superior surface of the vocal folds
leukoplakia
this condition occurs when there is an excessive keratin buildup on the vocal folds
keratosis