lang dis.: basics & assessment Flashcards
plural -s
dogs, cats, busses
possessive -s
the dog’s bone, the cat’s meow
3rd person singular -s
the dog runs, the cat mewoes
-they do the action
past tense -ed
the dog barked, the cat meowed
perfective aspect -ed
the girl has played, had played
-recently completed
progressive aspect -ing
the boy is playing, was playing with
negative contractions
dont, wont, cant, isnt
modal verb contractions
hell go, theyd like to
contractions of the coupla
im going, youre going, shes here
copula
“be”: i am, you are, she is, we are, i was, you were
infintival to
she wants to play, the like to eat icecream
auxillary verbs
have (perspective aspect), be (progressive aspect), do (negatives, questions, emphasis
modals
can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would
subjective/nominative pronouns
i, you, he, she, we, they
objective/accusative pronouns
me, you, him, her, us, them
possessive pronouns
my, your, his, her, their, our
reflexive pronouns
mysef, yourself, hiself, herself
clause
subject + predicate (verb) + object
the child threw the ball
c-unit
has to be able to stand alone
ex: **the child threw the ball **in the back alley
coordinated c-units
could stand on their own but b/c they’re combined with “and, or, but” etc. they cannot
ex. The frog jumped on the lilypad and then jumped in.