Vocab Units 51-55 Flashcards
accent
억양
Notes: 사투리 (dialect) and 억양 (accent) are a little bit different. If you speak Korean with a 사투리, you probably come from a different part of the country and use different words and even sentence endings compared to the people in Seoul. It may be incomprehensible to a person in Seoul to hear a 사투리 of Korean. For example, the equivalent to “먹었어” in the Jeju dialect could be “먹언” – something that is incomprehensible to a person in Seoul.
However, an 억양 is more about the pronunciation of words being different. For example, a foreigner speaking Korean will most likely have a different “억양” compared to the native Korean speakers.
Examples:
한국 사람들이 영어로 말할 때는 특이한 억양이 있어요
= When Korean people speak in English, they have a unique accent
유럽 사람들이 쓰는 영어 억양의 개수를 세기도 하고 비교하기도 했어요
= I counted as well as compared the number of English accents used by European people
debt
빚
Common Usages:
빚을 갚다 = to pay back a debt
빚보증을 서다 = to guarantee (co-sign) somebody’s debts
Examples:
빚을 빨리 갚아야 되겠네
= Oh, I should probably pay off this debt quickly
사고 싶은 것이 많아서 빚이 없었으면 좋겠어요
= I wish I didn’t have (any) debt because there are a lot of things that I want to buy
comb
빗
Common Usages:
빗자루 = broom
머리빗 = hair comb
꼬리빗 = a specific type of flat comb
Examples:
앞머리가 있으면 꼬리빗을 꼭 가지고 다녀야 해요
= If you have bangs, you must (go around carrying) have a comb
백화점에서 구매한 빗이 질이 좋아서 아직까지 쓰고 있어요
= The quality of the comb I purchased at the department store is so good that I am still using it
PLAY솔 = brush
Notes: “솔” is not usually used to refer to a brush that one would use to “brush” his/her hair. When brushing your hair, the word “빗” or “브러쉬” would be used. “솔” is typically used to refer to a brush that is used for cleaning.
Common Usages:
칫솔 = toothbrush
Examples:
솔이 있으면 먼지 청소를 할 때 편해요 = If you have a brush, it is easy/comfortable to clean dust
청소할 때 쓰는 솔은 자주 바꿔야 해요 = You need to change the brush that you use to clean often
brush
솔
Notes: “솔” is not usually used to refer to a brush that one would use to “brush” his/her hair. When brushing your hair, the word “빗” or “브러쉬” would be used. “솔” is typically used to refer to a brush that is used for cleaning.
Common Usages:
칫솔 = toothbrush
Examples:
솔이 있으면 먼지 청소를 할 때 편해요 = If you have a brush, it is easy/comfortable to clean dust
청소할 때 쓰는 솔은 자주 바꿔야 해요 = You need to change the brush that you use to clean often
toothpaste
치약
Common Usages:
치약을 짜다 = to squeeze the toothpaste
Examples:
제가 치약을 사기도 하고 칫솔을 사기도 했어요 = I bought toothpaste and a toothbrush too
치약을 너무 많이 묻혀서 양치를 하는 것은 좋지 않아요 = It is not good go brush your teeth using too much toothpaste
toothbrush
칫솔
Notes: This word contains a 사이시옷. For information about this, see Lesson 131.
Examples:
제가 치약을 사기도 하고 칫솔을 사기도 했어요 = I bought toothpaste and a toothbrush
칫솔은 2개월에 한번씩 교체해야 돼요 = You should change your toothbrush once every two months
칫솔에 물을 묻히기 전에 치약을 짜야 돼요 = You should put (squeeze) toothpaste onto your toothbrush before putting
chemistry
화학
Common Usages: 화학자 = chemist 화학과 = department of chemistry 화학물질 = chemical 화학반응 = chemical reaction
Examples:
저는 화학도 가르쳐요 = I teach chemistry too (in addition to other subjects)
화학은 매우 흥미로워요 = Chemistry is very interesting
나는 화학을 이해할 수 없어 = I can’t understand Chemistry
대학교에서 철학이나 화학을 공부하고 싶어요? = In University, do you want to study philosophy or chemistry?
philosophy
철학
Common Usages:
철학자 = philosopher
철학과 = department of philosophy
Examples:
대학교에서 철학이나 화학을 공부하고 싶어요?
= In University, do you want to study philosophy or chemistry?
아르키메데스는 철학을 가르치기도 하고 중요한 발명품을 발명하기도 했어요
= Archimedes taught philosophy and also invented important inventions too
leather, animal skin
가죽
Common Usages: 뱀가죽 = snake skin 가죽가방 = leather bag 악어가죽 = alligator skin 가죽소파 = leather sofa 가죽바지 = leather pants
Examples:
가죽을 입거나 고기를 먹거나 둘 다 동물을 죽이는 것이에요
= If you wear leather or eat meat, both of them are killing animals
그 남자가 악어가죽신발을 신고 있어서 못생겨 보이지 않아요?
= That person is wearing alligator skin (leather) shoes, so doesn’t he look ugly?
alligator, crocodile
악어
Notes: Korean people typically don’t distinguish between alligators and crocodiles. I know they are different, but most people in the world don’t. You can specifically refer to a crocodile with the word “크로커다일.”
Common Usages:
악어가죽 = alligator skin
Examples:
그 남자가 악어가죽신발을 신고 있어서 못생겨 보이지 않아요?
= That person is wearing alligator skin (leather) shoes, so doesn’t he look ugly?
악어를 실제로 볼 수 있는 곳이 한국에는 동물원밖에 없어요
= Other than in zoos there is no place in Korea to actually see alligators
크로커다일과 악어는 비슷하게 생겨서 구분하기 힘들어요
= Crocodiles and alligators look very similar so it is hard to distinguish them
invention
발명품
Examples:
슬기가 새로운 발명품을 만들어서 부자가 됐어요
= Seulgi made a new invention, so she became rich
발명품을 완성하자마자 그 과학자는 특허를 냈어요
= As soon as the scientist completed his invention, he/she got it patented
아르키메데스는 철학을 가르치기도 하고 중요한 발명품을 발명하기도 했어요
= Archimedes taught philosophy and also invented important inventions too
perfume
향수
Common Usages:
향수를 뿌리다 = to spray/sprinkle perfume
Examples:
첫인상에 어떤 향수를 뿌리는지는 많은 영향을 미쳐요
= The type of perfume that you use (spray) has a big impact on a first impression
제가 나갈 때 가끔 향수를 뿌리기도 하고 가끔 안 뿌리기도 해요
= When I go out, sometimes I put on (spray) perfume, sometimes I don’t
nose
코
Common Usages:
코털 = nose hairs
콧구멍 = nostril
코딱지 = boogers
코를 파다 = to pick one’s nose
코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose
콧물(이 나다) = liquid from one’s nose (a runny nose)
코피(가 나다) = blood from one’s nose (a nose bleed)
낮은 코 = a low nose
높은 코 = a high nose (Korean people think that people with “high noses” are good looking)
Examples:
한국 사람들이 코가 높은 사람들이 제일 잘생겼다고 생각해요
= Korean people think that people with high noses are the most handsome
계절이 바뀔 때마다 알레르기가 있는 사람들은 코가 간지러워져요
= Each time the season changes, the noses of people with allergies get itchy
nostril
콧구멍
Notes: This word contains a 사이시옷. For information about this, see Lesson 131.
Common Usages:
콧구멍이 크다 = to have big nostrils
Examples:
제 친구 중 한 명은 콧구멍이 커서 엄지 손가락을 넣을 수 있어요
= One of my friends nostrils are so big that he can put his thumb into them
onion
양파
Common Usages:
양파즙 = squeezed onion juice
양파 껍질 = onion peel
Examples:
양파 껍질을 다 벗겨 주세요 = Please peel all the onions for me
햄버거 한 개 주세요. 양파 빼고요 = One hamburger please. And hold the onions.
양파를 자르는 김에 당근도 잘라주세요 = While you cut the onions, also cut the carrots please!
양파가 아주 싸서 수십 개를 살까 해요 = I am thinking about buying dozens of onions because they are very cheap
양파를 작은 조각으로 썰고 재료를 다 섞으세요 = Chop the onions into small pieces and mix all the ingredients
socks
양말
Common Usages: 양말을 신다 = to put on socks 양말을 신기다 = to put socks on someone else 양말을 벗다 = to take off socks 양말을 벗기다 = to take socks off of someone else 발목 양말 = ankle socks
Examples:
양말을 벗겨 주세요 = Please take off my socks
이 양말을 오른발에 신겨 주세요 = Please put this sock on my right foot
저는 종업원한테 양말이 어디에 있냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked the worker where the socks are
crack
틈
Notes: This word refers to a crack (an small open space), but it can also refer to a “chance” or “opportunity” as it refers similarly to a small open space. For example, imagine you want to eat a cookie, but your father is in the kitchen and he won’t let you. However, the moment he goes to the bathroom, you have your “chance” to eat the cookie. This “chance” is like a crack in your father’s watch that you slip into to grab a cookie.
Common Usages:
틈을 타다 = to make the most of a chance
Examples:
부모님이 안 계신 틈을 타서 여자 친구를 만났어요
= I made the most of the opportunity of my parents not being here and met my girlfriend
선생님이 저를 안 보는 틈에 저는 몰래 교실 밖으로 나왔어요
= In the space of time the teacher wasn’t looking at me, I came out of the classroom without him knowing
현관문 바닥에 작은 틈이 있어서 이를 막으려고 테이프를 붙였어요
= On the floor of the porch door, there is a small crack, so I stuck tape on it to block it
facilities
시설
Common Usages:
시설을 운영하다 = to manage facilities
시설을 확장하다 = to expand facilities
Examples:
우리 회사가 내일부터 모든 시설을 대체하기 시작할 거예요
= Our company will start replacing all of the facilities from tomorrow
새로 지어진 공원에 운동 시설이 매우 좋아서 많은 사람들이 거기에서 운동을 해요
= The newly built park has very good exercise facilities so many people exercise there
서울에는 많은 문화생활을 즐길 수 있는 시설이 많은 반면에 서쪽 지역에는 문화생활을 즐길 수 있는 시설이 거의 없어요
= In Seoul, there are many facilities in place for people to enjoy a cultured life, but on the other hand, in the western areas there are barely any of those things
the number of things
개수
Notes: “개” refers to (and is a counter for) a thing, and “수” refers to a number. You can see a similar word in 명수 where “명” refers to (and is a counter for) people.
Common Usages:
개수를 세다 = to count the number of things
Examples:
이 바구니 안에 들어 있는 공의 개수를 정확히 맞추면 선물을 줘요
= If you guess the correct number of balls in this basket, we will give you a present
유럽 사람들이 쓰는 영어 억양의 개수를 세기도 하고 비교하기도 했어요
= I counted as well as compared the number of English accents used by European people
the number of people
명수
Notes: “명” refers to (and is a counter for) people, and “수” refers to a number. You can see a similar word in 개수 where “개” refers to (and is a counter for) things.
The word “인원” is also commonly used to refer to a number of people as well.
Common Usages:
명수를 세다 = to count the number of people
Examples:
1반과 2반의 명수가 같아서 체육 시간에 게임을 할 때 편해요
= The number of students in class 1 and class 2 is the same, so it is easy/comfortable to play a game during PE class.
각 반마다 명수를 세서 도시락을 총 몇 개 준비할지 알아봤어요
= I counted the students in each class, and found out the total number of lunch boxes that have to be prepared
conversation
대화
Common Usages:
대화를 나누다 = to have a conversation with
대화가 안 된다 = for it to be difficult to have a conversation with
대화가 잘 통하다 = to be able to have a conversation easily with
Examples:
여자친구는 다른 여자와 대화를 하지 말라고 했어요
= My girlfriend told me not to talk to (have a conversation with) other girls
친구들끼리는 반말을 쓰고, 어른들과 대화를 할 때는 존댓말을 써요
= Among friends, casual speech is spoken, and when talking to adults, formal/polite speech is used
저도 일본에 있을 때 더듬거리며 일본어 하는 외국인과 대화를 나누게 되었다면 매우 기뻐서 발음이 이상하든 문법이 엉터리든 “일본어 잘 하시네요~”라고 해요
= I too, when in Japan, if having a conversation with a foreigner struggling to speak Japanese, am so glad (that he is trying), that whether his pronunciation is strange, or his grammar is all mixed up, I say “Oh, you speak Japanese really well.”
to comb ones hair
빗다
Common Usages:
머리를 빗다 = to comb one’s hair
Examples:
머리를 감고 나서 머리를 안 빗으면 머리가 다 엉켜요
= After you wash your hair, if you don’t comb it your hair gets all tangled
머리를 묶기 전에 빗으로 잘 빗어주면 더 예쁜 머리를 할 수 있어요
= Before tying your hair, if I comb it for you really well with a comb, I can make your hair prettier
to compare
비교하다
비교하다 can be used simply in sentences to mean “to compare” with ~와, ~과, ~랑, ~이랑 or ~하고 attached to the noun that the object is being compared with For example:
저를 그 사람과 비교하지 마세요 = Don’t compare me with that person
저의 시어머니가 저를 자기 딸과 항상 비교해요 = My mother-in-law always compares me to her daughter
You can use the grammatical principles like ~(으)면 or ~아/어서 to create sentences that say “if/when one compares.” For example:
저를 그 사람과 비교하면 저는 더 똑똑해 보여요
= If you compare me to that person, I look smarter
이 차를 BMW와 비교하면 이 차는 훨씬 싸요
= If you compare this car with a BMW, this car is much cheaper
이 베개를 저것과 비교하면 이 베개가 훨씬 부드러워요
= If you compare this pillow with that one, this pillow is much softer
다른 건강 식품과 비교하면 인삼이 몸에 더 좋아요
= If compared to other health products ginseng is better for your body
to invent
발명하다
Common Usages:
발명가 = inventor
Examples:
에디슨은 전구를 발명했어요 = Edison invented the light bulb
발명품을 완성하자마자 그 과학자는 특허를 냈어요
= As soon as the scientist completed his invention, he/she got it patented
아르키메데스는 철학을 가르치기도 하고 중요한 발명품을 발명하기도 했어요
= Archimedes taught philosophy and also invented important inventions too
