Vocab Units 26-28 Flashcards
1
Q
thing, item, goods
A
물건
Common Usages:
비싼 물건 = an expensive item
Examples:
제가 산 물건을 언제 받을 수 있어요? = When can I receive the goods I purchased?
한국에서는 세금이 물건 값에 포함돼요 = In Korea, tax is included in the price of goods
2
Q
hall, hallway
A
복도
Common Usages:
좁은 복도 = narrow hallway
긴 복도 = long hallway
Examples:
PLAY복도에서 달리는 것은 위험해요 = It is dangerous to run in the hallway
이 복도를 걸레로 다 청소하는 데 시간이 많이 필요할 것 같아요 = It will probably take a long time to clean this hallway with just a rag
3
Q
purpose, aim, goal
A
목적
Common Usages: 목적을 이루다 = to achieve a goal 목적을 달성하다 = to achieve a goal 목적을 세우다 = to set a goal 목적어 = an object (in a sentence ), in other words, the thing that “~을/를” is attached to 목적지 = destination (the “goal” place)
Examples:
저는 목적을 이루지 못했어요 = I couldn’t achieve my goal
PLAY우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
친구와 여행의 목적을 정하고 여행 일정을 대충 만들었어요 = I set the goals of the trip with my friend and then made rough travel plans
4
Q
destination
A
목적지
Notes: As you know, “목적” translates to “goal.” 지 is a common Hanja character (地) that refers to land or a place. Together, “목적지” literally refers to the “goal” place or “the place one is headed towards.” This is easier translated to just “destination.”
Common Usages:
목적지에 도착하다 = to arrive at a destination
목적지를 정하다 = to decide on a destination
최종목적지 = final destination
Examples:
우리가 목적지에 거의 도착했어요 = We have almost arrived at our destination
최종목적지가 어디예요? = Where is your final destination?
5
Q
nation, country
A
국가
Common Usages: 공산국가 = communist nation 민주국가 = democratic nation 국가주의자 = nationalist 국가대표팀 = national team
Examples:
모든 국가의 자원은 국민이다 = The resource of all nations is its people
30개의 유럽국가에서 각 나라 대표들이 왔어요 = Representatives from 30 European nations came
6
Q
neighborhood
A
동네
Examples:
여기는 역사적인 동네입니다 = This (here) is a historical neighborhood
어느 동네에서 살아요? = Which neighborhood do you live in?
그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = There are many poor people in that neighborhood
이 동네에서 산 지 얼마나 되었어요? = How long have you lived in this neighborhood for?
PLAY이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요 = There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
7
Q
tuition
A
학비
Common Usages:
학비를 내다 = to pay one’s tuition
Examples:
학비를 언제까지 내야 돼요? = Until when do I have to pay my tuition?
저는 그 대학교에 가고 싶지만 학비가 너무 비싸요 = I want to go to that university, but the tuition is too expensive
8
Q
weapon
A
무기
Examples:
군대에서는 사람들이 무기훈련을 받아요 = People in the army receive weapon training
학교에서 무기를 가지고 있는 것은 불법입니다 = It is illegal to carry a weapon in school
9
Q
right/correct answer
A
정답
Notes: This word is commonly yelled by Korean people if somebody asks a question to a large group. The group is usually students, but they could also be contestants on a game show or some quiz show on TV. It is common for the person who knows the correct answer to raise his/her hand and yell “정답!”
Common Usages:
정답을 알다 = to know the right answer
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the right answer
Examples:
그는 정답을 아는 척했어요 = He pretended to know the right answer
정답을 안다면 손을 들어! = If you know the correct answer, raise your hand!
10
Q
youth
A
청소년
Examples:
청소년들은 그들 자신을 사랑하지 않는다 = Young people don’t love themselves
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
일본에서 성인들은 미국 청소년보다 만화책을 더 많이 읽어요
= In Japan, adults read more comic books than kids do in America
PLAY이 동네에서 축구를 잘 하는 청소년들이 많아요
= There are a lot of kids who are good at playing soccer in this neighborhood
11
Q
a certain area or region
A
지역
Notes: 지역 and 구역 are often confused. 지역 is more about the area of a city or country. Like 경기도 지역 (the area of 경기 province) or something like that. 구역 is more about the area of any other place, like a specific designated area of a building or park or something like that (for example, 견인구역 = tow away zone)
Common Usages:
지역 번호 = area code
Examples: 우리가 사는 지역이 조금 위험해요 = The area we live in is a little bit dangerous
이 지역에 청소년을 데려와서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t bring young people to this area
12
Q
match or game
A
경기
Examples:
우리는 3대 2로 경기를 이겼어요 = We won the game 3 to 2
우리는 다른 팀을 농구경기에서 이겼어요 = We beat the other team in the basketball game
축구경기를 보면서 맥주를 마셨어요 = I watched the match while drinking beer
축구 경기를 내일 보러 갈래요? = Shall we go to see a soccer game tomorrow?
야구 경기에서 두산은 LG를 이기게 되었어요 = Doosan ended up beating LG in the baseball game
제가 생각한 대로 태권도 올림픽 경기에서 대한민국 선수는 일본 선수를 이겼어요 = As I thought, the Korean athlete beat the Japanese athlete in the Taekwondo match
13
Q
grade, score
A
점수
Common Usages:
시험 점수 = exam score
높은 점수 = high score
낮은 점수 = low score
Examples:
PLAY제가 받을 점수는 중요해요 = The score I will receive is important
학생들한테 점수를 안 보여줘도 돼요 = I/you don’t need to show the scores to the students
학생들이 자기의 점수가 너무 낮다고 불평하지 않았으면 좋겠어요 = I wish students didn’t complain that their score was too low
14
Q
life
A
목숨
Notes: This word translates to “life” but is usually used when one ‘loses,’ ‘saves,’ or ‘dedicates’ a life.
Common Usages: 목숨을 잃었다 = to lose a life (to die) 목숨을 걸다 = to risk one’s life 목숨을 살리다 = to save one’s life 목숨을 바치다 = to dedicate one’s life
Examples:
사람 네 명은 목숨을 잃었다 = Four people lost their lives
그 사람은 사고로 인해 목숨을 잃었어요 = That person died from due to a car accident
15
Q
moon
A
달
Notes: When talking about the moons of other planets, the word “위성” (which typically translates to “satellite”) is used.
Common Usages:
달력 = calendar
초승달 = a crescent shaped moon
보름달 = a full moon
Examples: 오늘 달이 왠지 아주 커 보여요 = For some reason the moon looks big tonight
16
Q
greeting
A
인사
Common Usages: 인사말 = greeting words 인사를 받다 = to receive a greeting 인사를 드리다 = to give a greeting (to greet a person in a formal way – like to a boss or something) 인사를 주고받다 = to exchange greetings
Examples:
할아버지께 인사를 드리고 싶어요 = I want to greet my grandfather
저는 친구에게 반갑게 인사했어요 = I greeted my friend happily
그 사람에게 인사하기 싫어서 다른 사람과 통화하고 있는 척했어요 = I didn’t want to say ‘hi’ to (greet) that person, so I pretended to be talking on the phone with somebody else
17
Q
tobacco, cigarettes
A
담배
Common Usages: 담배를 피우다 = to smoke cigarettes 담뱃값 = the price of cigarettes 담배에 중독되다 = to be addicted to cigarettes 담배를 끊다 = to quit smoking
Examples:
PLAY담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes
PLAY옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
18
Q
patients
A
환자
Common Usages:
응급환자 = emergency patient
Examples:
PLAY옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요
= There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
의사가 환자에게 열이 다 내렸냐고 물어봤어요
= the doctor asked the patient if his/her fever went down
환자분이 느끼는 고통은 부작용 중 하나 일 뿐이에요
= The pain you (the patient) are feeling is just one of the side effects
19
Q
international
A
국제
Common Usages: 인천국제공항 = Incheon International Airport 국제운전면허증 = international driver’s license 국제학교 = international school 국제무역 = international trade 국제화 = internationalization 국제경제 = international economics 국제정치 = international politics 국제사회 = international community
Example:
PLAY우리 학교의 목적은 국제고등학교가 되는 것이다 = Our school’s goal is becoming an international school
20
Q
usual, normal, typical
A
일반
Notes: This word is usually placed before a noun to describe it as something that is “normal” or “not special.” For example:
일반 사람 = most people (typical people – the people who are typical)
일반 국가 = most countries (typical countries – the countries that are typical)
Common Usages:
일반적으로 = typically
Examples:
고속도로가 막혀서 일반 길로 갈 거예요 = The highway is jammed, so I will take the normal road급행열차가 출발하자마자 일반 전철이 역에 들어왔어요 = As soon as the express train left, the regular train came into the station
21
Q
space, gap
A
사이
Notes: If you place 사이 after nouns, it represents the space between them. For example:
저는 차 두 대 사이에서 서 있어요 = I am standing between two cars
그 건물과 우리 학교 사이에 사거리가 있어요 = There is an intersection between our school and that building
It is also used to indicate that the relationship “between” people:
저와 학생들 사이는 좋아요 = The relationship between my students and me is good
22
Q
to peel, cut, trim, shave
A
깎다
Notes: As you can see, there are many possible translations for this word. It generally refers to the action of “cutting” something. In English, depending on what you cut, the word might change.
Common Usages: 값을 깎다 = to lower a price (cut the price) 연필을 깎다 = to sharpen a pencil 머리(카락)을 깎다 = to cut one’s hair, to get one’s hair cut (usually used for males) 손톱을 깎다 = to trim one’s nails
Examples:
머리를 깎았어요? = Did you get a haircut?
값을 좀 깎아 주세요! = Please lower the price for me a little bit
23
Q
to recognize, to try to know
A
알아보다
Notes: This word can be used to indicate that one recognizes (or does not recognize) something, usually because of a change in appearance. When used like this, “알아보다” is formed by combining the meanings of the words “알다” (to know) and “보다” (to see). For example:
머리를 깎아서 못 알아봤어요 = I couldn’t recognize you because you cut your hair
친구가 수술을 받은 후에 알아보기 어려워요 = It is difficult to recognize my friend after she got surgery
It can also be formed by combining “알다” (to know) with the grammatical principle ~아/어보다 (to try to), which is introduced in Lesson 32. When used like this, the translation is closer to “to try to know,” and is often used when somebody looks into something new. For example:
저는 캐나다 숙소를 알아봐야 돼요 = I need to look into places to stay in Canada
어제 비행기표를 알아봤는데 싼 게 없어요 = I looked into plane tickets last night, and there is nothing cheap
24
Q
to overcome
A
극복하다
Common Usages: 문제를 극복하다 = to overcome a problem 상황을 극복하다 = to overcome a situation 시련을 극복하다 = to overcome some sort of difficult situation 장애를 극복하다 = to overcome an obstacle
Examples:
PLAY이 문제를 극복하는 것이 힘들 거예요 = It will be difficult to overcome this problem
우리는 이렇게 어려운 시련을 절대 극복하지 않을 거예요 = We will never overcome this difficult situation
25
to adjust, fix, set
맞추다
```
Common Usages:
알람을 맞추다 = to set an alarm
양복을 맞추다 = to get a suit tailored
초점을 맞추다 = to bring something into focus
정답을 맞추다 = to guess the correct answer
```
Examples:
이 셔츠를 바지에 맞춰 입기 위해 노력했어요 = I tried to match this shirt with the pants
어젯밤에 알람을 맞추는 것을 깜빡해서 늦게 일어났어요 = I forgot to set my alarm last night, so I woke up late
26
to pass, to get accepted
합격하다
```
Common Usages:
시험에 합격하다 = to pass an exam
간신히 합격하다 = to barely pass
합격률 = the acceptance/success rate
합격자 = a person who passed/successful candidate
```
Examples:
그 시험을 합격하기 위해 공부를 안 해도 되었다 = I didn’t need to study to pass that test
내가 공부했더라면 시험을 합격했을 것이다 = If I studied, I would have passed the test
어쩌다 시험을 합격하게 되었어요 = I ended up passing the exam
27
to decide
결정하다
The noun form of this word (“결정”) translates to “a decision.”
Common Usages:
결정력 = determination
Examples:
미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 = The US made an economical decision
서울에 지하철로 가기로 결정했어요 = We decided that we would take the subway to Seoul
28
to get a divorce
이혼하다
Common Usages:
이혼율 = divorce rate
이혼소송 = a divorce suit
Examples:
소문에 의하면 그 남자는 아내랑 이혼했어요 = According to rumors, he divorced his wife
우리가 서로를 사랑하지 않아서 이혼하기로 했어요 = We decided to get a divorce because we didn’t love each other
29
to smoke, to light a fire of some sort
피우다
Common Usages:
담배를 피우다 = smoke cigarettes
불을 피우다 = to start a fire
바람을 피우다 = to have an affair
Examples:
PLAY담배를 피우는 것은 건강에 나빠요 = It is unhealthy to smoke cigarettes
PLAY옛날에 담배를 많이 피운 환자가 많아요 = There are a lot of patients who smoked a lot a long time ago
이곳은 흡연 구역이라서 담배를 피워도 돼요 = You are allowed to smoke here because this is a smoking area
30
to blow
불다
Common Usages:
바람을 불다 = for wind to blow
휘파람을 불다 = to whistle
트럼펫/트롬본/플루트를 불다 = to play the trumpet, trombone, flute
Examples:
안산에서는 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind (blows) is strong in Ansan
저는 입으로 풍선을 불었어요 = I blew up a balloon with my mouth
바다 근처에는 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the ocean
31
to continue
계속하다
Notes: “계속” is used as an adverb that means “always” or “continually/continuously”
Examples: 건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가지 말고 계속 직진하세요
= Go past the building, then don’t turn right, but keep going straight
우리가 계속 얘기하다가 선생님의 말씀을 못 들었어요
= We were talking, and then (as a result) we didn’t hear what the teacher said
제가 가자고 했지만 애기는 가고 싶지 않은 듯이 계속 자고 일어나지 않았어요
= I said “let’s go,” but the baby kept sleeping as if he didn’t want to go
우리 집 옆에 살고 있는 사람이 계속 노래하는 것이 싫어요
= I hate that the person who lives in the house beside ours always sings
제가 학생들에게 뛰지 말라고 했지만 학생들이 계속 했어요
= I told the students to stop running, but they continued to do it
32
to injure, to hurt
다치다
Common Usages:
다친 데가 있나요? = Are you injured? (Is there any injured place?)
무릎을 다치다 = to injure one’s knee
Examples:
저는 저의 손목을 다쳤어요 = I hurt my wrist
PLAY병원에서 넘어져서 팔을 다친 아줌마가 약을 무료로 받았어요 = The woman who fell in the hospital and hurt her arm received free medicine
33
to answer, to respond
답하다
The noun form of this word (“답”) translates to “an answer”
Notes: When answering a letter or e-mail, the word “답장하다” is more commonly used.
Common Usages:
질문에 답하다 = to answer a question
정답 = the right/correct answer
Examples:
시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test
PLAY선생님은 학생들이 물어본 질문에 답했어요 = The teacher answered the question that the student asked
34
to be incorrect
틀리다
Common Usages:
정보가 틀리다 = for information to be incorrect
계산이 틀리다 = for calculations to be incorrect
답이 틀리다 =for an answer to be incorrect
말이 틀리다 = for something that one says to be incorrect
Examples:
그 달력은 틀린 것 같아요 = It seems like this calendar is wrong
PLAY네가 지금 말하는 것이 틀려 = (the thing that) What you are saying now is incorrect
35
to be clean
깨끗하다
Common Usages:
깨끗한 물 = clean water
깨끗한 공기 = clean air
Examples:
이 집은 아주 깨끗해요 = This house is very clean
나는 엄마를 도와 정리를 했다. 거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 = I helped mom clean-up/organize. We cleanly organized the living room, and then said ‘thank you’ to my mom from the bottom of my heart
36
to be remaining, to be left over
남다
Notes: This word is often used in the present tense, the past tense or with ~아/어 있다 attached. Each has a very similar meaning. For example:
두 개 남아요 = Two are left
두 개 남았어요 = Two are left (or “two were left”)
두 개 남아 있어요 = Two are left
```
Common Usages:
5분 남아요 = There are 5 minutes left
5분 남았어요 = There are 5 minutes left
5분 남아 있어요 = There are 5 minutes left
몇 개 남아요? = How many are left?
몇 개 남았어요? = How many are left?
몇 개 남아 있어요? = How many are left?
```
Examples:
PLAY남은 음식을 포장하고 싶어요 = I want to pack up the food that is left over
37
to be clear, clean, pure
맑다
Common Usages:
맑은 날씨 = clear weather
맑은 공기 = clear air
Idiom: 윗물이 맑아야 아랫물이 맑다 = Only if one’s master is honest, can the servants be honest
Examples:
오늘 하늘이 아주 맑아 보여요 = Today, the sky looks so clear
38
free
무료
Notes: The word 공짜(로) is very similar to 무료(로). 무료 is quite easy to remember if you know the Hanja characters:
無(무): nothing, without
料(요/료): money, fee
When used as an adverb, ~로 is often attached to 무료. For example:
캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 치료를 무료로 받을 수 있어요 = Canadian people can receive treatment at hospitals free of charge
It is often placed before a noun, acting like an adjective that describes the upcoming noun. When used like this, ~로 is usually not used. For example:
캐나다 사람들은 병원에서 무료 치료를 받을 수 있어요 = Canadian people can receive free treatment at hospitals
39
business hours
영업 시간
Notes: Although “영업” is a word by itself (which is one meaning of the word “business”), for a beginner of Korean the most common place you will see this word is as “영업 시간,” which refers to the time that a business is in operation during the day. You would most likely see this written on a sign outside of a store/restaurant or any type of business to indicate their hours.
Examples:
우리 영업시간은 오전 8시부터 오후 5시까지입니다 = Our business hours are from 8 am to 5 pm
영업시간이 몇 시부터 몇 시까지예요? = From when to when are you open? (What are your business hours?)
40
reason
이유
Common Usages:
이유 없이 = without reason
개인적인 이유 = personal reason
Examples:
내가 방에 들어가지 않은 이유는 사람들이 너무 많이 있었기 때문이야
= The reason I didn’t go into the room was because there were too many people
저는 제 친구에게 한국으로 이사하고 싶은 이유가 뭐냐고 물어봤어요
= I asked my friend ‘what is the reason you want to move to Korea?’
그 회사원들이 파업 중인 이유는 월급 문제가 아니라 연금에 대한 문제 때문이다
= The reason why those workers are on strike is not because of wages, but because of a problem with the pension
41
way, method
방법
```
Common Usages:
최선의 방법 = the best way
방법론 = methodology
방법을 찾다 = to find a way
한국어를 공부하는 방법 = the way to study Korean
```
Examples:
여자친구를 감동시키는 가장 좋은 방법은 뭐에요?
= What is the best way to impress one’s girlfriend?
투자자가 없기 때문에 우리는 다른 방법으로 할 거예요
= We will do it another way because we don’t have any investors
42
art, the arts
예술
```
Common Usages:
예술관 = Art Center
전통예술 = traditional art
예술작품 = some sort of work of art
예술가 = artist
```
Examples: 예술은 저의 삶에 항상 큰 부분이었다 =Art was always a big part of my life
예술을 좋아하지 않는 사람도 있어요 = There are also people who don’t like art
43
artist
예술가
Common Usages:
예술가가 되다 = to become an artist
Examples:
그 여자가 한국에서 유명한 예술가예요 = That woman is a famous artist in Korea
44
contents
내용
Notes: The word “내용” in Korean is much more common than the English word “contents.” 내용 is broadly used to refer to the “contents” in a book, video, story, or any other source of information. In Korean, it would be common to say something like “저는 그 영화의 내용을 안 좋아했어요” which would translate to “I didn’t like that movie’s content.” In English, it would be more common to just say “I didn’t like that movie.”
Common Usages:
수업 내용 = class contents
책 내용 = book contents
영화 내용 = movie contents
Examples:
저는 어려운 내용을 천천히 설명했어요 = I explained the difficult content slowly
시험을 보기 전 날에 내용을 복습해야 돼요 = I need to review the content on the day before the exam
시간이 부족해서 모든 내용을 가르칠 수 없어요 = I can’t teach all the material because there is a lack of time
학생들이 그 내용을 중학교 때 이미 배웠잖아 = You should know that the students already learned that content in middle school!
45
employee, server, worker
종업원
Examples: 종업원을 찾아야 돼요 = I need to find the worker/server/employee
저는 종업원한테 양말이 어디에 있냐고 물어봤어요 = I asked the worker where the socks are
46
technology, skill
기술
Common Usages:
첨단 기술 = cutting edge technology
과학 기술 = science and technology
Notes: This word means both “technology” and “skill.” A lot of the times when a word has two difference meanings, their respective Hanja equivalents are different. 기술 is one word, that means both “technology” and “skill.” It doesn’t make sense to me either. The context can tell you what translation should be best.
For example, when used to mean “technology:”
지난 50년 동안 과학 기술은 사람들의 생각을 많이 변화시켰어요
= Technology has really changed the way people think over the past 50 years
다음 10년의 의료기술개발은 대한민국에 중요하다
= The development of medical technology over the next 10 years is important to Korea
On the other hand, when used to mean “skill”
저는 학생들이 과학에 관심이 생기게 하는 기술이 없어요
= I don’t have the skills to make students interested in Science
학교를 다닐 때 실용적인 기술을 많이 배우는 게 아주 중요해요
= It is important to learn practical skills when you attend school
47
calendar
달력
Notes: The word “음력” is used to refer to the lunar calendar (with is semi-followed in Korea, especially by the older generation), and “양력” technically refers to the solar calendar. The word “달력” is used to refer to the actual book of the calendar.
Examples:
그 달력은 틀린 것 같아요 = That calendar seems to be wrong
그것을 달력에 표시해야겠다 = I should mark that on my calendar
48
post office
우체국
Notes: The Chinese Character “국” (局) is sometimes used to designate some sort of “place” or “office.” Other examples: 약국 (pharmacy); 방송국 (broadcasting station)
Common Usages:
우체국장 = postmaster
Examples:
이 편지를 부치러 우체국에 가야 돼요 = I need to go to the post office to send this letter
49
embassy
대사관
Common Usages:
대한민국대사관 = Korean Embassy
미국대사관 = American Embassy
Examples:
여권을 잃어버려서 대사관에 가야겠어요 = I lost my passport, so I should go to the embassy
폭도들이 대사관 앞에서 항의를 하고 있었어요 = The rioters were protesting in front of the embassy
50
soap
비누
Common Usages:
액체비누 = liquid soap
비눗물 = soapy water
Examples:
직원들은 음식을 만지기 전에 손을 비누로 씻어야 됩니다 = Employees must first wash their hands with soap before they (can) touch food
51
nurse
간호사
Common Usages:
수간호사 = head nurse
Examples:
대부분 간호사들은 여자예요 = Most nurses are women
그 사람은 간호사인 것 같아요 = That person seems to be a nurse
캐나다에서는 간호대학을 졸업하자마자 간호사 일자리를 잡을 수 있어요 = In Canada, as soon as you graduate from nursing school/college, you can find a position as a nurse
52
shock, impact
충격
Common Usages:
충격을 받다 = to be shocked (literally: to receive shock)
충격파 = shock wave
충격적이다 = shocking
Examples:
그 부부가 이혼했다는 것은 충격적이에요 = It is shocking that that couple got divorced
저는 그 소식을 듣고 충격을 받았어요 = I was shocked when I heard the news
53
law
법
```
Common Usages:
법원 = a court of law
문법 = grammar (literally – writing laws)
법칙 = a law (usually in science or mathematics, for example: “the law of conservation of mass”
법을 시행하다 = to enforce a law
법을 어기다 = to break a law
법을 개정하다 = to change/amend a law
법을 따르다 = to follow a law
```
Examples:
시민들은 법을 따라야 돼요 = Citizens must follow the law
법을 어기면 벌금을 내야 되거나 징역선고를 받을 수도 있다 = When you break the law a fine has to be paid, or there is also the possibility of receiving a prison sentence
54
citizen
시민
Common Usages:
시민권 = citizenship
Examples: 그
뉴스는 시민들을 흥분시켰어요 = That news excited the public/citizens
저의 아버지는 한국시민이에요 = My father is a Korean citizen
이 문제는 시민보건에 아주 중요한 것 같아요 = That problem is probably very important to the health of the citizens
55
sweat
땀
Common Usages:
식은땀 = a cold sweat
땀이 나다 = to sweat
Examples:
땀이 많이 났어요 = I’m sweating so much! (I sweat so much!)
애기가 땀을 많이 흘려서 물을 마시게 했어요 = I made the baby drink water because he/she was sweating so much
56
insurance
보험
```
Common Usages:
생명보험 = life insurance
건강보험 = health insurance
의료보험 = health insurance
보험을 들다 = to get/have new insurance
```
Examples: 나의 월세는 보험을 포함한다 = My monthly income includes insurance
이 차는 보험에 들어 있어서 돈을 안 내도 돼요 = This car is insured, so I won’t have to pay
이 사고는 보험으로 처리할 수 있어서 돈을 안 내도 돼요 = You can claim this accident under insurance, so you won’t have to pay
57
difference
차이
Notes: The word “차이점” is often used with very little or no difference in meaning. You could translate “차이점” to “difference point,” but “difference” is often sufficient.
```
Common Usages:
성격 차이 = difference in personalities
문화 차이 = differences in culture
차이가 있다 = for there to be a difference
차이가 나다 = for there to be a difference
X살 차이 = a difference in age (by X amount)
```
Examples: 캐나다와 미국은 문화적인 차이가 있다 = Canada and the US have a cultural difference
캐나다와 미국의 차이점을 설명해 주세요 = Please explain the difference between Canada and America
저와 저의 여자친구는 네 살 차이예요
= There is a difference in four years between myself and my girlfriend
캐나다와 미국은 비슷하지만 자세히 보면 차이가 나요
= Canada and America are similar, but if you look closely, there are differences
58
passenger
승객
Notes: This is often heard over the broadcasting messages of subways, buses, trains and airplanes in Korea. In these cases, it is often said as “승객 여러분” to be more polite.
Common Usages:
승객명단 = passenger list
Examples:
비행기 바퀴가 땅에 닿자마자 승객들이 자리에서 일어났어요
= As soon as the plane’s wheels hit the ground, the passengers got out of their seats
다른 승객들이 편히 탈 수 있도록 신문을 읽지 마세요
= In order for other passengers to ride comfortably, please don’t read a newspaper on the train
지금은 서울 역. 서울역입니다. 공항철도나 KTX를 타시고 싶은 승객은 이 역에서 갈아타시기 바랍니다
= This is Seoul Station. Riders wanting to take the Airport Railroad or the KTX, please transfer at this station.
승객 여러분들이 다 탑승했으니 우리는 잠시 후 출발하겠습니다
= Now that all of the passengers have boarded, we will be departing soon
59
president (of country)
대통령
Notes: The word for prime-minister is 총리
Common Usages:
대통령 선거에 출마하다 = to run for president
대통령으로 선출되다 = to be elected president
Examples:
미국은 대통령을 민주적으로 선출해요 = America elects its president democratically
대통령이 한국에서 떠날 거라는 소문이 있다 = There is a rumor that the president will leave Korea soon
그 사람이 대통령이 될 것 같아요 = That person will likely become president
대통령이 연설을 해 청중을 사로잡았다 = The president gave a speech and captivated the audience
오바마가 대통령이 된 후에 인기가 많이 떨어졌어요 = After Obama became the president, his popularity dropped
60
member
회원
Notes: The word “회원님” is commonly used to be more polite, especially when workers refer to the members of their club.
```
Common Usages:
회원권 = membership
회원카드 = membership card
회원을 모집하다 = to recruit members
회원가입을 하다 = to join/become a member
```
Examples:
모든 회원님들이 사용할 수 있도록 긴 시간 동안 기계를 쓰지 마세요
= In order for other members to use them, don’t use a machine for a long time
오늘 헬스장에서 회원권을 샀으니 내일부터 운동을 시작해야겠어요
= Now that I bought a membership at a gym, from tomorrow, I must/will start exercising
61
to put something in/on/onto/into
담다
Common Usages:
병에 담다 = to put something in a bottle
접시에 담다 = to put something onto a plate
박스/상자에 담다 = to put something into a box
Examples:
저는 빵을 그릇에 담았어요 = I put the bread in/on the bowl
62
to sign
서명하다
Notes: The Konglish word “사인” (sign/signature) is often used instead of 서명.
Common Usages:
자필서명 = one’s personal signature (when signing something in person)
Examples:
여기에 서명해 주세요 = Sign here, please
63
to draw
그리다
Common Usages:
그림 = a painting
Examples:
저는 그림을 잘 못 그려요 = I am not good at painting pictures
그 그림에는 어떤 무서운 분위기가 있어요 = There is a scary atmosphere in that painting
64
to lighten something, to reveal
밝히다
Notes: This word is used when making something brighter. For example:
저는 불을 밝혔어요 = I brightened the light (turned it up higher)
However, in this same sense it can be used to refer to “brightening” a situation with more information. This is commonly translated to “reveal.” For example:
쿠바가 대통령이 죽었다는 비밀을 밝혔다 = Cuba revealed the secret that their president died
More examples:
저는 제가 하고 싶은 것을 밝혔어요 = I revealed/disclosed what I want to do
Hillary Clinton이 미국대통령에 출마할 거라는 사실을 밝혔어요 = Hillary Clinton revealed that she will run for president of the United States
65
to pronounce
발음하다
Common Usages:
발음학 = phonetics
Examples: 그 단어를 어떻게 발음하는지 알아요 = I know how to pronounce that word
“for”와 four의 발음이 똑같아요 = The pronunciation of “for” and “four” are exactly the same
66
to give up
포기하다
Common Usages:
포기하지 마세요 = Don’t give up
시합을 포기하다 = to give up on/in a game
Examples:
학생들은 포기할 것 같아요 = The students will probably give up
시험을 네 번 연속으로 못 봐서 포기할 수밖에 없어요
= I have no choice but to give up because I didn’t write the exam well four times in a row
저는 공무원 시험을 준비했다가 포기했어요
= I prepared to write the exam to become a government worker, and/but then I gave up
67
for something to pass by
지나다
Notes: This can be used in a variety of situations, each with the same general meaning of something “passing by.” It is often used after an indication of time, for example:
그때부터 시간이 많이 지났어요 = A lot of time has passed since then
Notice here that ~이/가 should be placed on the indication of time.
It can also be used to indicate that one has passed a location. For example:
우리는 30분 전에 그 도시를 지났어요 = We passed that city 30 minutes ago
Notice here that ~을/를 should be placed on the location
Common Usages:
지나가다 = to go past
Examples:
건물을 지나가서 오른 쪽으로 가세요 = Go past the building, then go right
그 일을 다 마치더라도 이미 기한이 지났어요 = Even if I finish all of that work, the deadline is already passed
우리는 3년이 지나도록 못 만났어요 = We haven’t met in so long it has been 3 years since we met
아들은 아빠를 보고 그를 알아보지 못하는 듯이 그냥 지나갔어요 = He looked at his father and walked past him as if he didn’t recognize him
68
to fail
실패하다
Examples:
저는 1년 안에 한국어를 배우는 목표를 실패했어요 = I failed at my goal of learning Korean in a year
69
to be employed
근무하다
Notes: This word is very similar to 일하다. However, when using 일하다, the place where one works should have ~에서 attached to it. For example:
저는 삼성에서 일해요 = I work at 삼성.
I have noticed that ~에 or ~에서 are possible when indicating that place where one works using 근무하다. For example, both of these are fine:
그 선생님이 우리 학교에 10년 동안 근무했어요
그 선생님이 우리 학교에서 10년 동안 근무했어요
= That teacher was employed at our school for 10 years
```
Common Usages:
재택근무 = telecommuting
근무시간 = working/office hours
야간근무 = nighttime working (night-shift)
주간근무 = daytime working (day-shift)
초과근무 = overtime
```
Examples:
이 사람은 LG에 근무하는 김미성이라고 하는데 우리 회사에서 10일 동안 있을 겁니다
= This is Misung Kim, who works for LG; she will be at our business for 10 days
70
to transfer on a bus, subway
환승하다
Examples:
버스나 전철을 내리면 30분 안에 환승할 수 있습니다 = When you get off of the bus or subway, you can transfer within 30 minutes
71
to stop
멈추다
Notes: 그만하다 is usually used when something/somebody stops something that they will likely not continue again in the future (or somebody hopes that they will not continue it in the future). A good example is when stopping a vehicle. Of course, a vehicle will eventually start again, especially in the situations when riding a bus and the bus always stops and starts again. When describing this, 멈추다 should be used. For example:
버스가 멈추면 문이 완전히 열릴 때까지 기다리세요 = Wait for the door to open completely when the bus stops
When stopping, or telling somebody to stop an action (that you don’t want to continue again), 그만하다 is used. For example:
그 말을 그만하세요! = Stop saying that!
Examples:
일단 제가 시작한 이상 멈추지 않을 거예요 = Once I start, I won’t stop
일단 그가 술을 1잔을 마신 후에는 그가 술을 마시는 것을 못 멈춰요
= Once he drinks one glass of alcohol, he can’t top himself from drinking
나는 최대한 내 기쁜 마음을 감추려고 노력했다. 하하하. 하지만 웃음을 멈출 수 없었다
= I tried to conceal my very happy inner emotions. Hahaha. But, I couldn’t stop smiling.
선생님이 조용히 하라고 하자 애들이 웃음을 멈추었어요
= When/as soon as the teacher said “be quiet,” the students stopped laughing
72
to be put in/on/onto/into
담기다
Examples: 빵이 그릇에 담겨 있어요 = The bread is in/on the bowl
73
to be lonely
외롭다
Common Usages:
외로움 = loneliness
Examples:
외로워 보여요 = You look lonely
내일 외로울 것 같아요 = I will probably be lonely tomorrow
하지만 시간이 흐르면서 나는 점점 더 외로움을 느꼈다. 특히 친하게 지냈던 친구들이 각 자 자기 나라로 돌아가기 시작하자 더 외로움을 느꼈다.
= But, as time when by, I gradually started to feel lonely. Especially as/when each of my close friends started to go back to their own countries, I felt lonelier.
74
to be significant, precious
소중하다
```
Common Usages:
소중한 물건 = a precious thing
소중한 시간 = a precious time
소중한 친구 = a precious friend
소중한 순간 = a precious moment
```
Examples: 민호는 나에게 아주 소중한 친구일 뿐만 아니라 애인이다
= Not only is Min-ho a precious friend, but also my boyfriend
내년에도 이렇게 행복하게 엄마와 소중한 시간을 보내고 싶다!
= I want to spend precious time like this with my mother next year too!
처음에는 혼자 여행을 갈까 생각했지만, 친구와 함께 소중한 추억을 만드는 것도 좋은 생각 인 것 같아서 친구에게 먼저 물어보기로 했다
= At first, I was thinking about going traveling by myself, but the thought of making precious memories with a friend is good too, so I decided to first ask a friend (if she would like to go with me)
75
separately, privately
따로
Common Usages:
따로따로 내다 = to pay separately
따로따로 가다 = to go separately
Examples: 우리는 그 답을 따로따로 썼어요 = We wrote that answer separately
우리는 시험 문제를 따로따로 만들어야 돼요 = We need to make exam questions separately
76
forever
영원히
Examples: 나는 너를 영원히 사랑할 거야 = I will love you forever
저는 캐나다에서 영원히 살고 싶어요 = I want to live in Canada forever
77
once, at one time
한때
Examples: 한때 포기했던 시험을 다시 공부할 거예요
= I again studied for the exam that I once gave up on
한때 저의 손님이었던 사람이 이제는 유명한 예술가가 되었다
= The person who was at one time my customer has now become a famous artist
그 남자는 한때 그녀를 잠깐 사랑했었다
= That man had once loved her for a short period
78
adult
어른
Common Usages:
어른스럽다 = to be mature
어른이 되다 = to become an adult
Examples:
어른들이 이런 영화를 보통 좋아하지 않아요 = Adults usually don’t like this sort of movie
79
child, children
어린이
Common Usages:
어린이 집 = preschool, kindergarten
어린이날 = Children’s Day (national holiday in Korea)
어린이 시절 = one’s childhood
어린이대공원 = Children’s Grand Park (a park in Seoul)
Examples:
이 학교는 초등학교라서 이 동네에 어린이들이 많아요
= There are a lot of children in this neighborhood because this school is an elementary school
어린이들을 좋아하기 때문에 초등학교 선생님이 되고 싶어요
= I wanted to become an elementary teacher because I like children
80
princess
공주
Common Usages:
백설공주 = Snow White
Examples:
저는 저의 여자 친구를 공주처럼 대우해요 = I treat my girlfriend like a princess
우리 딸은 자기가 공주 같다고 생각해요 = Our daughter thinks she is a princess
81
influence
영향
Notes: 영향 is a noun that you need to use whenever you want to say that something ‘influences’ something. The thing that is being influenced needs to have 에 attached to it, and you can add the verbs 주다 or 미치다to act on the noun 영향. For example:
부모님들은 아이에 영향을 준다/미친다 = Parents influence their children
Common Usages:
영향력 = influence, leverage
영향을 주다/미치다 = to influence
Examples:
그 문제가 우리 일에 무슨 영향을 미칠 거예요? = What affect will that problem have on our work?
그의 엄마의 죽음이 그의 성격에 영향을 미쳤어요 = The death of his mother affected his personality
82
some sort of writing
글
Common Usages:
한글 = Korean script (the Korean writing system)
댓글 = a comment (usually on the internet, like on Facebook or on a forum)
글씨 = one’s handwriting
Examples:
제가 공책에 글을 빨리 썼어요 = I wrote something (some words) quickly in my notebook
83
literature
문학
```
Common Usages:
문학 작품 = some sort of literary work
대중문학 = popular literature
고전문학 = classic literature
현대문학 = current/contemporary literature
서양문학 = Western literature
동양문학 = Eastern literature
```
Examples:
저는 문학에 관심이 없어요 = I’m not interested in literature
저는 2년 동안 서양문학을 공부했지만 아직 해외여행을 한 적이 없어요 = I have been studying Western literature for 2 years, but I have never traveled abroad before
84
district, local area
지방
Notes: This word is also used to refer to the countryside, much like the word “시골.” “지방” also translates to “fat,” but this is technically a separate word.
Common Usages:
지방정부 = local government
지방경찰 = local police
지방세 = local taxes
Examples:
이 지방에 경찰이 많아요 = There are a lot of police in this area
내일 이 지방 전체에 비가 올 거예요 = It will rain in this entire area tomorrow
85
neighbor
이웃사람
Examples:
PLAY옆에 사는 이웃사람이 너무 시끄러워요 = The neighbor who lives next to me is too loud
저는 이웃사람들과 관계를 완전히 끊었어요 = I completely cut off any relationship with neighbors
이웃사람의 애기를 아르바이트로 돌봐요 = I look after my neighbor’s baby as a part-time job
86
environment
환경
```
Common Usages:
환경을 보존하다 = to preserve the environment
환경을 지키다/보호하다 = to protect the environment
환경을 파괴하다 = to destroy the environment
환경문제 = an environmental problem
```
Notes: This word is used to refer to the “natural” environment. For example:
환경에 관련된 많은 영화가 있다 = There are a lot of movies relating to the environment
환경을 지키는 것이 중요하다 = It is important to protect the environment
It can also be used to refer to the metaphorical “atmosphere” of a place of situation. For example, the environment that exists within a room or something:
이 교실환경이 너무 삭막해서 다른 데에 가야 돼요 = The environment/atmosphere of this classroom is so desolate we should go somewhere else
87
farm
농장
Examples:
저는 농장에서 자랐어요 = I grew up on a farm
PLAY농장에서 사는 게 싫어요 = I don’t like living on a farm
그 농장은 닭을 키워요 = That farm raises chickens
88
part, section
부분
Common Usages:
부분 마취 = local anesthetic
대부분 = most (the biggest part of)
일부분 = one part (of)
Examples:
PLAY마음에 드는 부분이 있나요? = Do you have a part/section that you like?
대부분 사람들은 이런 음식을 좋아해요 = Most people like this kind of food
한국어를 배울 때 가장 어려운 부분은 존댓말을 쓰는 것이라고 생각합니다 = I think the most difficult part when learning Korean is using honorifics
89
advertisement
광고
Common Usages:
광고를 붙이다 = to put up an advertisement (on a wall, for example)
Examples:
수익을 높이려고 광고를 붙였어요 = I put up an advertisement to raise profits
그 광고가 TV에 어제 방송되었다 = That advertisement aired/broadcasted yesterday on TV
PLAY그 광고를 만든 사람이 진짜 잘 만들었어요 = The person who made this advertisement did a really good job
90
earth
지구
Common Usages:
지구본 = globe
지구 온난화 = global warming
지구과학 = earth science
Examples:
제가 가장 좋아하는 과학은 지구과학이에요 = My favorite (type of) Science is earth science
지구 온난화는 전세계적으로 심각한 문제예요 = Global warming is a serious problem for the whole world
91
fart
방귀
Common Usages:
방귀를 끼다 = to fart
Examples:
방귀를 꼈어? = Did you just let one rip?
네가 방귀 꼈구나! = (I just realized that) you farted!
92
head
고개
Notes: 머리 also means “head,” but “고개” is used usually used when moving your head in a some direction. For example, when nodding, shaking, lowering or raising one’s head.
```
Common Usages:
고개를 들다 = to raise one’s head
고개를 숙이다 = to lower one’s head (to bow)
고개를 끄덕이다 = to nod one’s head
고개를 젓다 = to shake one’s head
```
Examples:
그는 고개를 들고 그녀를 바라봤어요 = He lifted his head and stared at her
93
direction
방향
```
Common Usages:
우측 방향 = the right direction
좌측 방향 = the left direction
다른 방향 = different direction
반대방향 = the opposite direction
방향을 바꾸다 = to change direction
방향을 잘 못 잡았다 = to take the wrong direction
```
Examples:
저는 그 사람과 같은 방향으로 가고 싶어요 = I want to go the same direction as that person
우리가 헤어지고 서로 다른 방향으로 갔어요 = We split up and each went different directions
94
abroad, overseas
해외
```
Common Usages:
해외여행 = travelling abroad
해외근무 = working overseas
해외방송 = foreign broadcast
해외시장 = foreign markets/overseas markets
```
Examples:
제가 장학금을 받게 되면 해외대학교에 갈 거예요
= If I end up getting a scholarship, I will go to a foreign university
저는 10년 동안 서구문화를 공부했지만 해외여행을 한 적이 없어요
= For the last 10 years, I studied western culture, but I have never traveled abroad
95
itself, its own
자체
Notes: 자체 is a difficult word to describe, but usually fairly easy to grasp in one’s head. It reminds me of saying a phrase like “The car itself isn’t bad…” Here, what is the difference if I just say the phrase “The car isn’t bad…”? Presented on their own, those two sentences have essentially the same meaning. However, when using the word “itself/himself/herself/etc” the speaker is stressing that the car is fine, but there is some other problem with the situation.
It is usually placed after a noun (for example, “차 자체”) or “그”
Examples: 차 자체가 괜찮지만 제가 그냥 팔고 싶어요 = The car itself is fine, I just want to sell it
그 생각 자체가 무서워요 = That thought itself is scary (just the thought of that is scary)
우리가 유일하게 무서워해야 하는 것은 무서움 자체 뿐이다 = The only thing we have to fear is fear itself
Person 1: 삶에 대해 무엇을 좋아합니까? = What do you like about life?
Person 2: 저는 삶 자체를 좋아합니다 = I like life itself
96
times, period
시대
Common Usages:
소녀시대 = Girl’s Generation (a famous Korean girl group)
시대가 변하다 = for times to change
Examples:
그때부터 시대가 많이 변했어요 = The times have changed a lot since then
그 시대에 산 사람들은 올바른 의료적인 치료나 약 없이 살았어요
= People who lived in that era/generation lived without proper medical treatment or medicine
우리 할아버지, 할머니들은 다른 시대에서 오셨어요
= Our grandfathers and grandmothers came from a different generation
현대는 새로운 기술이 사람들에게 바로 받아들이는 시대예요
= Present days are a time when new technology is adopted/accepted by people right away
97
caution
주의
Notes: You will most commonly see this word on signs. Must like how in English, we don’t say the word “Caution” often, but you will see it printed on signs. When telling somebody to be cautious or “use caution” in speech, it is common to say “be careful.” The word “조심하다” translates to “to be careful,” but when used as a command, it is often used with the imperative ~(으)세요: 조심하세요!
Common Usages:
추락주의 = beware of falling down (watch your step)
전기주의 = be cautious of electricity (electrical hazard)
보행자주의 = be cautious of pedestrians
98
to research
연구하다
Common Usages:
연구소 = a research lab
연구자료 = research material
연구논문 = a research paper
Examples:
연구결과를 분석해 주세요 = Please analyze the results of the research
PLAY정부가 그 병을 연구하고 있는 회사에게 돈을 줄 것이다 = The government will give money to the company researching that disease
99
to concentrate
집중하다
The noun form of this word (“집중”) translates to “concentration”
Common Usages:
집중력 = concentration power/ability
집중호우 = rain concentrated in one area (localized rain)
집중치료실 = intensive care unit
Examples:
여기가 시끄러워서 저는 집중할 수 없어요 = I can’t concentrate here because it is loud
PLAY수업에 집중하고 있는 학생이 없어요 = There aren’t any students who are concentrating on the class
영화 보는 동안 계속 웃는 사람 때문에 집중할 수 없었어요 = Because of the person who kept laughing during the movie, I couldn’t concentrate
100
to divide
나누다
```
Common Usages:
나누기 = division (in math)
나눠주다 = to pass out (the meanings of ‘divide’ and ‘give’ combined)
말을 나누다 = to talk with somebody
이야기를 나누다 = to talk with somebody
```
Examples:
할아버지와 할아버지 친구는 옛날 이야기를 나눴어요
= Grandpa and his friend talked with each other about old stories
학생들을 작은 그룹으로 나눠서 게임을 할 거예요
= I’m going to divide the students into small groups and play a game
101
to use
이용하다
Notes: 이용하다 and 사용하다 both translate to “to use” and are very similar. Although their usages can overlap sometimes, 사용하다 is more likely to be used when using something that can disappear after using it. For example, if using a piece of tissue paper to blow your nose, 사용하다 would be more appropriate. However, if using some sort of service, like the mass transportation service provided by a city, 이용하다 would be more appropriate.
Common Usages:
이용 가치가 있다 = to be useful
이용 가치가 없다 = to not be useful
Examples:
나는 매일 대중교통을 이용한다 = I use public transportation every day
이 제품을 이용하기 전에 이용방법을 읽으시기 바랍니다
= Before using this product, please read the instruction manual
네이버 지도앱으로 편리하게 지도 이용하기
= a button on the mobile website of Naver (Korean search engine) “use the map conveniently/ comfortably on the Naver map app.
102
to register
등록하다
Common Usages:
등록금 = tuition/registration fee
등록카드 = registration card
외국인등록증 = foreign registration card/proof
Examples:
PLAY이 수업을 등록하고 싶은 사람이 적어요
= There aren’t many people who want to register for this class
외국인등록증을 갖고 싶으면 한국에서 신청해야 돼요
= If you want to get a foreign registration card, you need to apply in Korea
외국인등록증이 만료되자마자 저는 그것을 연장하러 출입국사무소에 갔어요
= As soon as my foreign registration card expired, I went to the immigration office to renew it
103
to stand something up, to line something up
세우다
Notes: There are many ways that 세우다can be translated – all of which relate to “standing/setting” something up. For example:
To stand a person up:
그 사람이 넘어져서 저는 일으켜 세웠어요 = I stood that person up because he fell
To stand something up:
저는 떨어진 그 조각을 또 세웠어요 = I set the fallen piece upright once again
To set a record:
그 선수가 지난 대회에서 새로운 기록을 세웠어요 = That athlete set a new record at the last competition
To set up or “establish” a business:
그 사람이 작년에 새로운 회사를 세웠어요 = That person set up a new company last year
To set plans or something similar:
우리가 아직 정확한 계획을 세우지 못했어요 = We haven’t yet made (set up) exact plans
To park a car: 차를 세울 데가 없어요 = There is nowhere (no place) to park the car
104
to move
움직이다
Common Usages:
움직이지 마세요 = Don’t move
마음을 움직이다 = to “be moved”
Examples:
저는 의자를 앞으로 움직였어요 = I moved my chair forward
그것을 움직이는 것이 불가능해요 = It is impossible to move that
그대로 움직이지 마 = Don’t move, and stay the way you are
버스가 출발했을 때 사람들은 움직였어요 = when the bus departed, people moved
아무 움직임 없이 1시간 동안 앉아서 컴퓨터를 해서는 안 돼요 = You shouldn’t sit at a computer for an hour without any movement
105
to arrange
정리하다
The noun form of this word (“정리”) translates to “organization” or “arrangement”
Common Usages:
뒷정리 = to clean up after you’re done
정리해드릴까요? = May I clean this up for you? (Often said by servers at a restaurant)
Examples:
제가 서류를 정리해야 하니까 잠깐 기다려 주세요 = I need to organize my papers, so please wait a minute
거실을 깨끗하게 정리하고 엄마한테 진심으로 감사하다는 말을 전했다 = We cleanly organized the living room, and then said ‘thank you’ to my mom from the bottom of my heart
106
to cancel
취소하다
Common Usages:
주문을 취소하다 = to cancel an order
예약을 취소하다 = to cancel a reservation
Examples:
PLAY주문을 취소하고 있는 사람이 많아요 = There are a lot of people who are cancelling their order
저는 야외모임을 비 때문에 취소했어요 = I cancelled the outdoor meeting because of the rain
107
to protect, to defend
지키다
```
Common Usages:
지켜보다 = watch over
비밀을 지키다 = to protect a secret/not tell somebody else about a secret
환경을 지키다 = to protect the environment
약속을 지키다 = to keep a promise
```
Examples:
사람들은 자연을 지켜야 돼요 = People need to protect nature
그 사람이 약속을 잘 지키지 않아요 = That person always breaks his/her promises (doesn’t keep promises well)
108
to miss (a train/bus/opportunity)
놓치다
Notes: In English, the word “miss” can also be used to indicate that you want to see somebody – for example: “I miss my friend.” The word “놓치다” is not used for this meaning. It is only used when talking about “missing” something like a bus or opportunity.
Common Usages:
기회를 놓치다 = to miss an opportunity
신호를 놓치다 = to miss a traffic light (to get caught at a traffic light)
버스/전철을 놓치다 = to miss a bus/subway (or train)
Examples: 지하철을 놓쳤기 때문에 택시를 타야 돼요 = I missed the subway, so I must take a taxi
우리는 이미 버스를 놓쳤을 것 같아요 = We probably already missed the bus
대학교에 갈지 안 갈지 많이 망설였기 때문에 대학교에 갈 기회를 놓쳤어요
= I missed the opportunity to go to University because I was hesitating a lot about if I should go or not
109
to be few
적다
Notes: In Korean, adjectives can be placed before a noun to describe them, or at the end of a sentence to predicate the entire sentence. For example:
Before a noun:
많은 사람들이 바나나를 좋아해요 = A lot of people like bananas
중요한 일을 했어요 = I did important work
Predicating a sentence:
바나나를 좋아하는 사람이 많아요 = There are a lot of people who like bananas
이 일이 중요해요 = This work is important
You might want to read more information about the ways adjectives can be used in Lesson 3.
Most adjectives can be used in both ways, but 적다 is most commonly used when predicating a sentence, and not when describing an upcoming noun.
Examples:
나를 좋아하는 학생들은 적어 = There are few students who like me
PLAY이 수업을 등록하고 싶은 사람이 적어요 = There aren’t many people who want to register for this class
한국은 다른 나라보다 이민자가 적어요 = Korea doesn’t have that many immigrants compared to other countries
110
to be strong
강하다
common Usages:
강해 보이다 = to look strong
강한 남자 = strong man
Examples:
바다의 힘이 아주 강하다 = The ocean’s power is very strong
저는 저의 남동생보다 2배 더 강해요 = I am twice as strong as my younger brother
시간이 흐르면서 저는 더욱더욱 강해졌어요 = As time went by, I got more and more strong
111
to be uncomfortable
불편하다
Notes: This word is also used to refer to an injury or physical problem that somebody may have. For example, if asking if somebody may be hurt or in pain, you can ask “불편한 데가 있나요?” At my former school, one teacher couldn’t participate in the sports day competitions because he walks with a serious limp. When it was described to me, another teacher told me “그 선생님의 다리가 불편해요.”
Examples:
이 신발은 너무 불편해요 = These shoes are too uncomfortable
PLAY이렇게 앉아 있는 것이 불편해요 = It is uncomfortable to sit like this
112
to be enough, to be sufficient
충분하다
Common Usages:
시간이 충분하다 = to have enough time
돈이 충분하다 = to have enough money
Examples:
밥이 충분해요? = Is there enough food/rice?
남은 소주가 충분하지 않아서 편의점에 잠깐 가야 돼요 = I need to go to the convenience store for a moment because we don’t have enough Soju
113
to be sleepy
졸리다
Examples:
왜 이렇게 졸려 보여요? = Why do you look so tired?
제가 영화를 봤을 때 너무 졸렸어요 = I was too sleepy when I watched the movie
제가 너무 졸려서 집에 가서 바로 잘 거예요 = I will go home and immediately go to sleep because I’m tired
114
to be honest/frank
솔직하다
```
Common Usages:
솔직히 = honestly, frankly
솔직히 말하면… = If I speak honestly… “to be frank”…
솔직한 답변 = an honest answer
솔직한 심정 = honest feelings
```
Examples:
그가 친절하기도 하고 솔직하기도 해요 = He is nice and honest, too
솔직히 제가 어떻게 할지 몰라요 = Honestly, I don’t know what I will do
솔직하게 말하면 이게 맛이 없어요 = To be honest, this tastes bad
115
to be exact
정확하다
Common Usages:
정확히 모르겠는데… = I don’t know exactly, but…
Examples:
우리가 아직 정확한 계획을 세우지 못했어요 = We haven’t made exact plans yet
위치가 어디인지 정확히 몰라요 = I don’t know exactly where that place is
Person 1: 우리가 마지막으로 언제 만났지? = When was the last time that we met?
Person 2: 글쎄. 정확히 기억 안 나지만 두 달 전인가? = Well… I don’t remember exactly, but was it two months ago?
116
to be familiar with, to be close with
친하다
```
Common Usages:
친한 친구 = a close friend
제일 친한 친구 = a best friend
친해지다 = to get close with
(이름)과 친하다 = to be close with (a person’s name)
```
Examples:
저는 슬기랑 대학교 때 친해졌어요 = I got close with Seulgi in University
PLAY옆 집에서 사는 사람과 친해지고 있어요 = I am getting close to the person who lives next door
우리 반에는 나와 친한 친구 여섯 명이 있다 = There are 6 people in my class who are close friends with me
그 사람은 저의 여자 친구가 아니라 그냥 친한 친구예요 = That person isn’t my girlfriend, she is just a close friend
117
to be urgent
급하다
```
Common Usages:
구급차 = ambulance
급행 열차 = express (train)
급히 = urgently
응급 = emergency _______
응급처치 = first aid
긴급하다 = very urgent
성격이 급하다 = describes the type of person who has a personality that is always rushed
```
Examples:
그 일이 급해도 저는 오늘 그것을 할 수 없어요
= Regardless of if that task is urgent, I can’t do it today
서울에서 사는 사람들의 성격은 너무 급해요
= The people who live in Seoul have a very rushed/impatient nature
제가 집에 가는 동안 급한 일이 생겼어요
= When I was going home, something urgent came up
저는 사람들이 지하철을 급히 타는 것을 싫어해요
= I don’t like people getting on the subway in a rush
상황이 너무 급해서 사람들이 계단을 뛰어 내렸어요
= The situation was very urgent, so people ran down the stairs
118
eventually
결국
Examples:
우리는 결국 마지막 경기에서 졌어요 = We ended up losing in the last game
그는 자신의 아름다움에 매혹되어 결국 호수에 빠져 죽었다 = He was captivated by its beauty, and then (so) he eventually drowned in the lake.
119
throughout a time
내내
Common Usages:
수업 시간 내내 = throughout the (entire) class
1년 내내 = throughout the (entire) year
주말 내내 = throughout the (entire) weekend
Examples:
다음 달을 제외하고 저는 올해 내내 한국에서 있을 거예요 = Except for next month, I will be in Korea for the entire year
120
finally, at last
드디어
Examples:
그녀가 저랑 드디어 사랑에 빠졌어요 = She finally fell in love with me
PLAY열쇠를 가지고 있는 사람이 드디어 왔어요 = The person who has the key eventually came
회사장은 많은 시위자들로부터 드디어 빠져 나왔어요 = The CEO finally escaped (came out of) the crowd of protesters
121
slightly/a little bit
약간
Examples:
Person 1: 무슨 맛이에요? = What does it taste like (what is the taste)?
Person 2: 약간 고소한 맛… = It’s a little bit “nutty”
Person 1: 그 게 다 이해가 돼요? = Do you understand all of that?
Person 2: 약간 = A little
122
thoroughly
철저히
Examples:
이 일을 철저히 해야 돼요 = You need to do this work thoroughly
실험 결과를 철저히 확인했어요 = I checked the results of the experiment thoroughly
이 문제에 대해 철저히 생각한 다음에 저에게 오세요 = After you have thought about this problem thoroughly, come to me
