Vocab Units 41-45 Flashcards
1
Q
colleague, peer
A
동료
Common Usages:
동료애 = feelings you have towards your peers (“a camaraderie”)
회사동료 = colleague at work
직장동료 = colleague at work
Examples:
PLAY동료가 그 일을 저에게 설명해 줬어요 = A colleague explained that work to me
그 회사원이 승진을 해서 동료들한테 인기를 얻었어요
= That worker was promoted and gained popularity with his coworkers
저는 오늘 직장동료들과 회식이 있어서 집에 늦게 들어갔어요
= I went home late today because I had a staff dinner with colleagues from work
2
Q
intersection
A
사거리
우리는 사거리에서 왼쪽으로 돌았어요 = We turned left at the intersection
이 사거리를 지나면 고속도로가 시작돼요 = If you go past this intersection, the highway starts
전철역 앞 사거리에 있는 스타벅스에 항상 사람이 많아요 = At the Starbucks on the intersection in front of the subway station there are always a lot of people
3
Q
day care
A
어린이집
Notes: When children in Korea turn four years old, they usually attend an “어린이집” for one to three years. Sometime before they turn eight years old, they will start to attend a “유치원.” When they turn eight years old, they start attending elementary school. At an 어린이집, they will do some educational activities, but it is more of a day care center. A 유치원 is more focused on education.
Common Usages:
어린이집을 다니다 = to attend a day care
어린이집에 보내다 = to send somebody to a day care
어린이집 선생님 = a person (or teacher) who works at a day care
Examples:
PLAY선생님은 밤에 우리를 위해 어린이집을 잠깐 열어 줬어요
= The teacher opened the daycare for us at night for a little bit (for us/me)
보통 유치원에 가기 전에 아이들은 어린이집에 가요
= Usually kids go to day care before they go to kindergarten
점점 더 일하는 여성들이 많아지면서 어린이집 수요는 늘고 있어요
= Gradually as there are more females who are working, the demand for day cares is increasing
4
Q
kindergarten
A
유치원
Notes: When children in Korea turn four years old, they usually attend an “어린이집” for one to three years. Sometime before they turn eight years old, they will start to attend a “유치원.” When they turn eight years old, they start attending elementary school. At an 어린이집, they will do some educational activities, but it is more of a care center. A 유치원 is more focused on education.
In Canada, kindergarten is usually connected with elementary schools. In Korea, kindergartens are usually businesses with no affiliation to an elementary school.
Common Usages: 유치원생 = a kindergarten student 유치원 선생님 = kindergarten teacher 유치원 반 = a kindergarten class (a group of kids) 유치원을/에 다니다 = to attend a day care
Examples:
PLAY우리 아이를 이 유치원에 받아 주세요 = Please accept our child into this kindergarten
저는 5살부터 유치원을 다니기 시작했어요 = I started attending kindergarten from 5 years of age
아이들은 유치원에서 사회에서 필요한 사회능력을 배우기 시작해요 = Kids start learning social skills that they need in society in kindergarten
5
Q
roots
A
뿌리
Notes: Just like in English “뿌리” can refer to the roots of a plant, or also one’s background
Common Usages:
나무뿌리 = root of a tree
뿌리염색 = dying the roots of one’s hair
Examples:
PLAY자기의 뿌리를 잊지 말아 주세요 = Please don’t forget your roots
나무뿌리가 썩지 않게 물을 너무 많이 주면 안돼요
= You shouldn’t give too much water so that the root of the tree doesn’t rot
염색을 밝은 색으로 하면 주기적으로 뿌리염색을 해야 해서 귀찮아요
= It is annoying when you dye your hair a bright color because you need to dye your roots periodically
6
Q
trade
A
무역
Common Usages: 해외무역 = international trade 무역센터 = trade center 무역협정을 맺다 = to enter into a trade agreement 무역회사 = trade company
Examples:
PLAY해외무역건물이 어디 있는지 보여주세요 = Please show me where the international trade building is
무역회사에서 일하고 싶으면 기본적으로 영어를 할 줄 알아야 해요 = If you want to work at a trade company, you need to know how to speak basic English (at a basic level)
7
Q
chin
A
턱
Common Usages: 턱받이 = bib 턱걸이 = chin-up 주걱턱 = a big chin 턱이 길다 = to have a long chin
Examples:
남자가 생각하면서 턱을 긁었어요 = The man scratched his chin while he thought
너무 딱딱한 음식을 많이 먹으면 턱에 무리가 가서 좋지 않아요 = If you eat a lot of hard food, it puts too much stress on your chin so it is not good
8
Q
left foot
A
왼발
Examples:
이번에는 우리가 공을 왼발로 차 볼 거예요 = This time, we will try to kick the ball with our left feet
몇몇 사람들은 왼발이 오른발보다 크기가 커요 = Some people’s left foot is larger than their right foot
9
Q
left hand
A
왼손
Common Usages:
왼손잡이 = a left handed person
Examples:
PLAY왼손만 주세요 = Give me only your left hand
대부분 사람들은 왼손으로 글을 못 써요 = Most people can’t write with their left hand
왼손잡이이면 가끔 일상생활을 할 때 불편할 때가 있어요
= If you are left handed, sometimes things in daily life are uncomfortable
왼손 오른손 골고루 사용하는 것이 뇌 발달에 좋아요
= It is good for the development of one’s brain to use one’s right and left hand equally/evenly
10
Q
right foot
A
오른발
Examples:
PLAY이 양말을 오른발에 신겨 주세요 = Please put this sock on my right foot
저는 특히 오른발이 왼발보다 커서 신발을 살 때 불편해요
= My right foot is particularly larger than my left foot, so it is hard for me to buy shoes
11
Q
right hand
A
오른손
Common Usages:
오른손잡이 = a right handed person
Examples:
저는 오른손 잡이여서 오른손을 훨씬 더 많이 사용해요
= I’m right-handed, so I use my right hand much more
PLAY정답을 모르는 사람은 오른손을 올려 주세요
= The people who don’t know the answer, please raise your right hand
왼손 오른손 골고루 사용하는 것이 뇌 발달에 좋아요
= It is good for the development of one’s brain to use one’s right and left hand equally/evenly
12
Q
palm
A
손바닥
Examples:
엄마가 나의 볼을 손바닥으로 때렸어요 = My mom slapped me on my cheek with the palm of her hand
PLAY엄마가 과자를 내 손바닥에 놓아 주었어 = Mom put some candy into my hands (on my palms) for me
손바닥에 있는 손금에 따라 미래를 예측하는 사람이 있어요
= There are people who can predict your future based on the lines on your palm
박수를 많이 치면 손바닥에 자극을 줘서 건강에 좋아요
= Clapping a lot gives your palms stimulation so it is good for one’s health
13
Q
voice
A
음성
Notes: The word “목소리” typically refers to one’s actual voice, as in the sound that comes out of one’s mouth. “음성” is typically placed before a noun to indicate that the noun is related to “voices.” For example, a voice recognition system in Korea would be called “음성인식시스템” but probably not a “목소리인식시스템”
Common Usages:
음성메시지 = voice message
음성녹음 = voice recording
Examples:
PLAY음성 메시지를 남겨 주세요 = Please leave me a voice message
요즘에 거의 모든 핸드폰에 음성 녹음 기능이 있어요
= These days almost all cell phones have a voice recording function
핸드폰에 전화를 해서 상대방이 전화를 받지 않으면 음성 메시지로 넘어가요
= If you call somebody and they don’t answer, it goes to voice message
14
Q
forehead
A
이마
Common Usages:
이마가 넓다 = to have a big (wide) forehead
이마가 좁다 = to have a small (narrow) forehead
Examples:
PLAY이마가 좀 아파요 = My forehead is a little bit sore
PLAY이것을 이마에 붙여 주세요 = Please stick this on my forehead
저는 이마가 넓어서 꼭 앞머리가 있어야 해요 = I have a big forehead, so I need to have bangs
이마의 모양에 따라 사람마다 어울리는 헤어스타일이 달라요 = Depending on the shape of one’s forehead, the hairstyle that suits a person is different
15
Q
toe
A
발가락
Examples:
제가 빨리 걸어서 발가락을 부딪혔어요 = Because I was walking fast I stubbed my toe
사람마다 제일 긴 발가락이 달라요 = The longest toe is different for everybody
16
Q
ankle
A
발목
Common Usages:
발목을 찌다 = to sprain one’s ankle
발목이 얇다 = to have thin ankles
Examples:
PLAY발목이 아파서 잠깐 봐 주세요 = My ankle is sore, so please look at it for a second
발목이 얇을수록 신발을 살 때 선택의 폭이 넓어져요
= The thinner your ankles are, the more types/wider range of shoes you can choose from
운동을 하다 발목을 다치는 사람이 많기 때문에 꼭 조심해야 해요
= Be sure to be careful because there are many people who hurt their ankles while exercising
17
Q
butt
A
엉덩이
Examples:
PLAY제 엉덩이를 만지지 말아 주세요 = Please don’t touch my bum
장거리 운전을 하면 엉덩이가 아파요 = When/if you drive long distances, your bum will be sore
요즘에는 예쁜 엉덩이 라인을 만들기 위해 스쿼트 운동이 유행하고 있어요 = These days, in order to make a good butt-line, doing squats is getting popular
18
Q
body
A
신체
Common Usages:
신체비율 = body ratio
건강한 신체 건강한 정신 = strong body strong mind
신체검사 = body check up
Examples:
각 나라마다 사람들의 평균 신체비율이 달라요 = Each country has a different average body ratio
한국에서는 남자들이 군대에 가기 전에 꼭 신체검사를 받아야 해요 = In Korea, before men go to the army, they need to get a physical (check up)
19
Q
prison
A
감옥
Notes: Korean prisons serve rice with beans a lot so people often say “콩밥을 먹다” to indicate that a person is in prison.
Common Usages:
감옥살이 = prison life
20
Q
cheek
A
볼
Examples:
PLAY볼에 이 로션을 발라 주세요 = Please put this lotion on my cheeks
엄마가 나의 볼를 손바닥으로 때렸어요 = My mom slapped me on my cheek with the palm of her hand
슬기의 볼이 통통하고 귀여워서 매일 뽀뽀해주고 싶어요
= Seulgi’s cheeks are very chubby and cute, so I want kiss them everyday
프랑스에서는 인사를 할 때 상대방의 볼에 얼굴을 대고 인사해요
= In France when you greet a person, you put your face to the other person’s cheek
21
Q
in the right place
A
제자리
Common Usages:
제자리걸음 = to be walking but standing still (also refers to something that “isn’t going anywhere”)
Examples:
PLAY책을 읽은 후에 제자리에 둬야 해요 = After reading the book, you have to put it back in the right place
저의 영어 실력은 아무리 열심히 해도 제자리걸음이라 너무 실망스러워요
= No matter how hard I try, my English ability is at a standstill (I’m spinning my wheels with English) so I’m really disappointed
Verbs:
22
Q
to deal with people
A
상대하다
Common Usages:
상대방 = the other party/person/adversary
상대방을 앞지르다 = to pass/go ahead of an opponent
Examples:
PLAY경찰관은 밖에 있는 미친 사람과 상대해 줬어요
= The policeman dealt with the crazy person outside (for me)
PLAY제가 외국 사람이라서 이 회사에서 저를 상대해 주고 싶은 사람이 없어요
= Nobody wants to deal with me at this company because I’m a foreigner
서비스직은 사람들을 상대해야 하기 때문에 생각보다 힘들어요
= Because it is necessary to deal with people in the service industry, it is more difficult (than perceived)
23
Q
far, far away
A
멀리
This is the adverb form of the adjective 멀다.
Notes: Particles aren’t usually added to adverbs. However, ~에서 is often added to 멀리 to express that something comes from (or is done) “far away.” 멀리에서 is sometimes shortened to “멀리서”.”
할머니가 오늘 멀리에서 오셨어요 = Grandma came from far away today 멀리서 그가 수업이 끝나고 걸어 오는 것이 보였다 = I saw him from far away finish class and come walking
Examples:
직장에서 더 멀리 이사하게 되었어요 = I ended up moving farther away from work
저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요 = It is difficult to walk home because I live far
서울에서 멀리 살수록 집값이 더 저렴해져요 = The farther you live from Seoul, the more affordable housing prices become
24
Q
the first time in history something is done or occurs
A
최초
Examples:
저의 와이프가 그 식품을 한국에 최초로 수입했어요
= My wife was the first person to import that (food) product to Korea
달에 최초로 착륙하는 사람은 Neil Armstrong이었어요
= The first person to land on the moon was Neil Armstrong
최초로 하늘을 나는 비행기구를 만든 사람들은 라이트형제예요
= The first people that made an airplane that flies in the sky were the Wright Brothers
25
beginning of a time period
초
Notes: 초 is placed after an indication of time to indicate that something occurs at the “beginning” of the indicated time period.
Common Usages:
1월 초 = at the beginning of January
2월 초 = at the beginning of February
학기 초 = at the beginning of a semester
Examples:
PLAY내년 초에 오빠가 돈을 보내 줄 거예요 = My brother will send the money early next year
이달 초에 친구들과 모임이 많을 거여서 매우 바쁠 것 같아요 = I will probably be very busy at the beginning of this month because I have a lot of meetings with friends
26
end of a time period
말
Notes: 말 is placed after an indication of time to indicate that something occurs at the “end” of the indicated time period.
```
Common Usages:
1월 말 = at the end of January
2월 말 = at the end of February
학기 말 = at the end of a semester
기말고사 = final exam
```
Examples: PLAY6월 말에 돈을 주세요 = Give me the money at the end of June
매년 말에 한 해를 마무리하는 행사가 많아요 = There are a lot of events that close out the year at the end of every year
27
put with negative sentences to stress
결코
Examples:
저는 결코 그 사람을 한 번도 사랑한 적이 없어요
= I have really never loved that person (not even once)
사람들이 제가 거짓말을 했다고 생각하지만 저는 결코 거짓말을 하지 않았어요
= Many people think that I lied, but I (really) never lied
28
lane
레인
Examples:
PLAY이 레인에서 운전할 때 앞에 있는 차를 앞지르지 마세요
= When you are driving in this lane, don’t pass the car in front of you
1번 레인에서 출발하는 수영선수가 현재 신기록을 가지고 있는 선수예요
= The swimmer departing from lane number one is the swimmer who holds the current record
29
bone
뼈
Common Usages:
뼈마디 = joint
머리뼈 = skull
꼬리뼈 = tailbone
Examples:
PLAY뼈가 아플 때 고통을 버티려고 이 약을 먹어요
= When your bones are sore, in order to endure the pain, take this medicine
뼈가 건강하기 위해서는 많은 칼슘을 꾸준히 섭취해야 해요
= In order to have healthy bones it is necessary to have a steady calcium intake
나이가 많을수록 넘어질 경우 뼈가 부러질 가능성이 커요
= As you get older, the possibility of falling and breaking a bone is high
30
joint
뼈마디
Examples:
PLAY뼈마디가 아플 때 이 약을 드세요 = When your joints hurt, take this medicine
뼈마디를 이어주는 역할을 하는 것이 인대예요
= The things that have the role of connecting joints are ligaments
슬기는 뼈마디가 얇아서 실제 몸무게보다 날씬해 보여요
= Seulgi has thin joints (is small boned) so she looks thinner than her actual body weight
31
wholesale
도매
Common Usages:
도매가격 = wholesale price
도매상 = a wholesaler
Examples:
이 시장에 가면 모든 제품을 도매가격으로 구입할 수 있어요
= If you go to this market, you can buy all products at wholesale prices
PLAY이 제품을 소매로 팔았을 때 돈을 많이 못 벌어서 지금부터 도매로 팔 거예요
= When I sold this product through retail, I didn’t make any money so from now on I’m going to sell it through wholesale
32
retail
소매
Common Usages:
소매가격 = retail price
소매상 = retailer
Examples:
대부분의 소비자가 제품을 구입할 때 내는 가격이 소매가격이에요
= The price that most consumers pay when purchasing products is the retail price
33
autograph
사인
Common Usages:
팬사인회 = an event to give fans one’s autograph
사인을 받다 = to get an autograph
Examples:
여기에 사인을 안 해도 돼요 = You don’t need to sign here
여기 아래에 사인해 주세요 = Please sign below, here
PLAY그 연예인의 사인을 받았을 때 너무 설레었어요 = When I got that celebrity’s signature, I was really excited
오늘 저스틴 비버 팬사인회에서 사인을 받기 위해 한 시간을 기다렸어요 = I waited for an hour to get Justin Bieber’s signature at the fan signing meeting (autograph session) today
34
brain
뇌
Common Usages:
세뇌 = brainwashing
Examples:
PLAY오랫동안 공부할 때 뇌가 아파요 = When I study for a long time, my brain hurts
```
PLAY의사가 뇌에 대한 수업을 가르치셨을 때 아주 깊이 설명하셨어요
= When the doctor taught a class about the brain, he explained it very deeply
```
왼손 오른손 골고루 사용하는 것이 뇌 발달에 좋아요
= It is good for the development of one’s brain to use one’s right and left hand equally/evenly
저희 어머니는 호두가 뇌 발달에 좋다고 매일 먹으라고 하셨어요
= My mother says walnuts are good for brain development and to eat them every day
35
inside a house
집안
Common Usages:
집안일 = house chores
집안 배경 = “family background” (usually refers to the money in a family)
집안 환경 = home environment
Examples:
PLAY저는 방학 때 집안에서 공부를 할 거예요 = I’m going to study in my house during vacation
저는 주로 책을 참고해서 집안을 꾸미는 것을 좋아해요
= I usually/mostly like to decorate my house by looking at/referring to books
요즘에는 남녀 모두가 공평하게 집안일을 나눠서 해요
= These days house chores are divided evenly between men and women
36
background
배경
Common Usages:
배경음악 = background music
집안 배경 = “family background” (usually refers to the money in a family)
Examples:
PLAY그 그림을 볼 때 배경이 무슨 의미가 있는지 생각해 보세요
= When you look at the painting, try to think about what meaning the background has
사랑 없이 집안 배경을 보고 결혼할 경우 미래에 이혼할 가능성이 높아요
= If you only look at one’s “family background” (the money that somebody has) and don’t have any love, the possibility of divorce in the future is high
37
lottery ticket
복권
Common Usages:
복권을 긁다 = to scratch a lottery ticket
복권에 당첨되다 = to win the lottery
Examples:
저는 복권에 당첨되면 바로 세계여행을 떠날 거예요
= If I won the lottery I would travel the world right away
보통 돼지꿈을 꾸면 한국에서는 복권을 사요
= If you dream about pigs, you usually buy a lottery ticket in Korea (This is actually true. In Korea, there are these things called “해몽” and depending on what you dream about, it signals that something is going to happen. Specifically, if you dream about pigs, it signals that you will have good luck)
38
timetable
시간표
Common Usages:
시간표를 짜다 = to set/make a timetable
39
bug, insect
곤충
Common Usages:
곤충채집 = an insect collection
Examples:
PLAY제가 어렸을 때 곤충을 먹었어요 = When I was young I used to eat bugs
PLAY사람들이 곤충을 죽일 때 아무 느낌도 없어요 = People don’t feel anything when they kill insects
40
to endure, bear
버티다
Examples:
PLAY뼈가 아플 때 고통을 버티려고 이 약을 먹어요
= When your bones are sore, in order to endure the pain, take this medicine
하지만 내가 하고 싶은 일을 시작해서 하루하루 잘 버티고 있다
= But, because am starting work that I want to do, every day (day by day) I am enduring it well.
신입사원으로 입사해서 힘들었지만 잘 버텨서 어제 승진했어요
= I entered the company as a new worker (rookie) so it was very difficult, but I endured it well and was promoted
41
to endure, bear
견디다
Examples:
실연의 아픔이 커도 견디다 보면 언젠가는 그 사람도 잊혀질 거예요
= Even if the pain of a broken heart is big, if you endure it for a while, someday that person too will be forgotten
42
to cheer on, to root for
응원하다
Common Usages:
응원석 = a “cheering” seat (at Korean sporting events, there is usually a designated area of seats that will have fans who will cheer a lot during the game)
Examples:
PLAY저는 그 팀을 어렸을 때부터 응원했어요 = I’ve been cheering for that team since I was young
이번에 제가 응원하는 팀이 슈퍼볼에서 승리했으면 좋겠어요
= It would be nice if the team I cheer for won the Super Bowl this time
우리 가족은 내가 힘들 때마다 나와 함께 있어주고 내가 무슨 일을 해도 항상 응원해주는 든든한 지원군이다 = Whenever things are difficult, my family is always with me, and anything I do, they are always encouraging (cheering) strong supporters
43
to gaze, to look
응시하다
Examples:
너의 눈을 응시할 때 가슴이 설레어 = When I gaze into your eyes, my heart flutters
컴퓨터를 오래 사용해 눈이 피곤하면 먼 곳을 20초 동안 응시하면 좋아요
= If your eyes are tired from using a computer for a long time, it is good if you look at a far place for 20 seconds
44
to guess
짐작하다
Common Usages:
제가 짐작했던 대로 / 제가 짐작한 대로 = As I guessed
지레짐작하다 = to guess something too fast (to guess before something even happens)
Examples:
PLAY그 사람이 말을 했을 때 그 사람이 경찰관인 것을 짐작했어요
= When that person talked, I guessed he is/was a police officer
이웃주민들은 그 남자의 이상한 행동을 보고 범인으로 짐작했다
= The neighborhood residents saw that man do some weird actions and guessed he was a criminal
45
to wash one's hair
감다
Common Usages:
머리를 감다 = to wash one’s hair
Examples:
PLAY머리를 감을 때 비누로 해요 = When I wash my hair, I do it with soap
저는 머리가 길어서 머리 감는 데 남들보다 오래 걸려요 = I have long hair, so it takes longer than other people to wash my hair
46
to be polite
예의가 바르다
Examples:
PLAY대통령을 만날 때 저는 아주 예의가 바를 거예요 = When I meet the president I will be very polite
이 청년은 예의가 발라서 어른들에게 인기가 많아요
= This young man is very polite, so he is popular amongst older people
어렸을 때 우리 엄마가 항상 낯선 사람들한테 예의가 바르게 행동하라고 했어요
= When I was young, my mother always told me to act politely to people you don’t know
47
to be shallow
얕다
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “얃따”
Common Usages:
수심이 얕다 = for the depth (usually of a pool) to be shallow
지식이 얕다 = to have “shallow” knowledge (to know a lot of things, but to not know them deeply)
Examples:
PLAY키가 클 때까지 얕은 수영장에서만 수영할 거예요
= I’m only going to swim in shallow swimming pools until I am taller
이 수영장이 다른 곳보다 수심이 얕아서 어린아이들이 놀기에 좋아요
= This pool is shallower than other places so it is good for children to play here
48
deeply
깊이
Examples:
PLAY의사가 뇌에 대한 수업을 가르치셨을 때 아주 깊이 설명하셨어요
= When the doctor taught a class about the brain, he explained it very deeply
타임캡슐을 땅에 묻기 위해서는 땅을 깊이 파야 해요
= In order to bury the time capsule in the ground, we have to dig deep (in the ground)
그 문제를 해결하기 위해 깊이 생각해봤지만 해답을 찾지 못했어요
= In order to solve that problem, we thought deeply but couldn’t find a solution/answer
49
barely, hardly, narrowly
겨우
Notes: The translation of 겨우 is typically “barely” but it has two main usages. For the first usage, I like to imagine a line, and when 겨우 is used the action is just able to cross the line. For example:
늦잠을 자서 출근시간을 겨우 맞췄다 = I slept in and I just managed to arrive on time
Here, if you imagine the line is the “출근시간” (the time work starts) the speaker just crossed the line and made it to work on time
It can also be used to emphasize that some action or number is smaller than one would expect. For example:
겨우 50만원을 벌기 위해 이렇게 열심히 일했다고 생각하니 허무했어요
= Thinking about how hard you say you worked in order to make a measly 50만원, you wasted your time
겨우 이런 일 가지고 친구가 저한테 실망을 하다니 믿을 수가 없었어요
= For such a small thing I can’t believe that my friend is disappointed in me
50
fake
가짜
Examples:
PLAY가방을 처음 봤을 때 가짜인 것을 알았어요 = When I first saw the bag, I knew that it was fake
제가 어제 산 신발이 가짜인 것을 알게 되었어요 = I found out that the shoes I bought yesterday are fake
51
long distance
장거리
Common Usages:
장거리연애 = a long distance relationship
장거리경주 = a long distance race
장거리 마라톤 = long distance marathon
Examples:
PLAY장거리 운전을 하면 엉덩이가 아파요
= When/if you drive long distances, your bum will be sore
장거리 연애는 서로를 자주 못 보기 때문에 단거리 연애보다 더 힘들어요
= In a long distance relationship, you can’t see each other often so it is more difficult than a “short” distance (regular) relationship
52
scientist
과학자
Examples:
과학자가 되면 돈을 많이 벌 거예요 = If you become a scientist, you will earn a lot of money
PLAY과학자가 되면 피부에 습도의 영향을 연구하고 싶어요
= When/if I become a scientist, I want to study the effects of humidity on the skin
발명품을 완성하자마자 그 과학자는 특허를 냈어요
= As soon as the scientist completed his invention, he/she got it patented
53
signal
신호
Common Usages:
신호등 = a traffic light
신호에 걸리다 = to get stopped at a traffic light
적신호 = a red light, warning sign
Examples:
PLAY신호를 보면 저에게 말을 바로 해 주세요
= When/if you see the signal, let me know immediately please
길을 건너지 말라는 신호를 무시하고 달리다가 그 남자는 심하게 다쳤어요
= The man was severely injured while running, after ignoring the “Don’t Cross” signal
54
wing
날개
Notes: 날개 is also used when referring to the wing of a chicken when eating “chicken wings.”
Common Usages:
날개 없는 천사 = an angel without wings (a really nice person)
Examples:
PLAY날개가 위로 움직이면 비행기가 떨어져요
= When/if the wings move up, the plane drops
55
eggplant
가지
Common Usages:
가지볶음 = stir fried eggplant
Examples:
제가 제일 좋아하는 반찬은 가지볶음이에요
= My favorite Korean side dish is stir fried eggplant
몇몇 사람들은 가지의 특유의 향기 때문에 가지를 못 먹어요
= Some people can’t eat eggplant because of the unique smell it has
56
hot pepper
고추
Common Usages:
고춧가루 = red pepper powder
고추장 = red pepper paste
Examples:
김치에 고추가 들어가 있어요 = There is red peppers in 김치
PLAY내일 아침에 이슬이 있으면 고추가 다 죽어 버릴 거예요
= If there is dew tomorrow morning, all of the hot pepper (plants) will die
PLAY고추를 안 넣었으면 맵지 않았을 거예요
= If you didn’t put the hot pepper in it, it wouldn’t have been spicy
57
bride
신부
Common Usages:
신부입장 = the entrance of a bride
신부화장 = the makeup of a bride
신부측하객 = guests of the bride
Examples:
예쁜 신부는 계단에서 내려왔어요 = The beautiful bride came down the stairs
슬기는 오늘 세상에서 제일 아름다운 신부예요 = Today, Seulgi is the most beautiful bride
PLAY신랑이 신부를 보면 그녀가 얼마나 예쁜지 깨달을 거예요 = The groom will realize how pretty the bride is when he
58
groom
신랑
Common Usages:
신랑측하객 = guests of the groom
Examples:
PLAY신랑이 신부를 보면 그녀가 얼마나 예쁜지 깨달을 거예요
= The groom will realize how pretty the bride is when he sees her
신랑은 신부에게 반지를 끼어주며 사랑한다고 속삭였어요
= The groom put the ring on the bride’s finger and whispered “I love you”
59
moral, lesson
교훈
Common Usages:
교훈을 주다 = to teach a lesson (note that this is not a lesson that is taught as a class)
Examples:
실수를 하면 그 실수를 통해 교훈을 배우는 것이 중요해요
= It is important to learn the lesson/moral from mistakes when you make them
60
habit
버릇
```
Common Usages:
버릇이 나쁘다 = to be impolite
버릇이 없다 = to be impolite
입버릇처럼 = to say something many times
손버릇이 나쁘다 = the habit of stealing things
```
Examples:
이 남자는 손버릇이 어렸을 때부터 나빠서 감옥에 자주 갔어요
= This man has had the habit of stealing since childhood, so has gone to prison frequently
제가 어렸을 때 자꾸 손가락을 빠는 버릇이 있어서 엄마에게 많이 혼났어요
= When I was young I had the habit of frequently sucking my fingers (thumb), so was scolded a lot by my Mom
61
the rays of the sun
햇살
Common Usages:
햇살이 좋은 날 = a bright day
Examples:
PLAY오후가 되면 햇살이 강해져요 = When/if it becomes afternoon (when it gets to be afternoon), the sun gets stronger
PLAY햇살이 그렇게 강하지 않았으면 밖에 나갔을 거예요 = If the sunlight wasn’t so strong, I would have gone outside
62
laundry
빨래
Common Usages:
손빨래 = hand wash
빨래를 돌리다 = to do the laundry (literally, to turn the laundry [in the washing machine])
빨래를 널다 = to hang the laundry
Examples:
PLAY집에 도착하면 빨래를 할 거예요 = When I arrive at home, I will do laundry
빨래를 다 했으니 지금 자도 돼요 = (Because) I have finished the laundry, so I can go to bed now
저는 빨래를 해야 하기도 하고 집을 청소해야 하기도 해요 = I need to do the laundry and also clean the house too
63
dew
이슬
Common Usages:
이슬비 = drizzle
이슬이 맺히다 = for dew to form
Examples:
PLAY내일 아침에 이슬이 있으면 고추가 다 죽어 버릴 거예요
= If there is dew tomorrow morning, all of the hot pepper (plants) will die
새벽에 일어나서 밖에 나가면 나무에는 이슬이 맺혀 있어요
= When I get up at dawn and go outside, there is dew on the trees/dew has formed on the trees
64
rainstorm
비바람
Common Usages:
비바람이 치다 = for there to be a rainstorm
비바람이 몰아치다 = to be raining very hard
Examples:
PLAY만약 내일 비바람이 오면 경기가 취소될 거예요 = If it storms tomorrow, the match/game will be cancelled
어제 심하게 비바람이 몰아쳐서 이 지역의 많은 건물이 무너졌어요 = Many buildings collapsed in this area yesterday because of the severe rainstorm
65
humidity
습도
Notes: 습도 more accurately refers to the “level of humidity”
습하다 is an adjective that translates to “to be humid.”
Common Usages:
습도가 높다 = for the level of humidity to be high
Examples:
PLAY과학자가 되면 피부에 습도의 영향을 연구하고 싶어요
= When/if I become a scientist, I want to study the effects of humidity on the skin
습도가 높으면 몸이 쉽게 끈적끈적 해져서 샤워를 자주 해야 해요
= If the humidity is high, your body gets sticky easily so you need to shower often
66
to be based on
기초하다
Notes: When used as a verb, 기초하다 typically translates to “to be based on.” For example:
이 영화는 소설에 기초해서 만들어진 영화예요 = This movie was made based on a book
이 건물은 유명한 건축가의 건축설계도에 기초해서 지어졌어요 = This building was built based on the blueprints of a famous architect
When used as a noun, 기초 typically translates to “basics.” For example:
우리는 기초부터 다 배워야 돼요 = We need to learn everything from the basics
Common Usages:
기초를 다지다 = to work on basic things a lot so you have a strong base in something
기초훈련 = basic training
기초공사 = foundation construction
67
to preserve, to conserve
보존하다
Examples:
PLAY지금 환경을 보존하지 않으면 미래에 더 큰 문제가 생길 것 같아요
= If we don’t preserve the environment, there will probably be bigger problems in the future
이곳은 중요한 유적이 묻혀 있어서 보존해야 해요
= There are buried relics at this place, so we need to preserve it
이 생태계를 그대로 보전하기 위해서는 모두의 노력이 필요해요
= We need the help of everybody to preserve this ecosystem the way it is
68
to pray
기도하다
Examples:
PLAY제가 경기를 보면 우리 팀이 이기기를 기도해요
= Whenever I watch a game, I pray for my team to win
PLAY일요일이면 그 가족이 기도하러 교회에 가요
= Whenever it is Sunday, that family goes to church to pray
종교를 믿는 사람들은 보통 식사를 하기 전에 기도를 해요
= Usually people who believe in a religion pray before having a meal
69
to serve, to treat
대접하다
Common Usages:
식사를 대접하다 = to treat somebody for a meal
Examples:
PLAY손님이 오면 맛있는 음식을 대접할 거예요
= When the guests come, I will treat them with delicious food
오늘은 회사에 중요한 손님이 방문을 해서 맛있는 식사를 대접해야 해요
= Today an important guest will visit the office so we need to provide (him) with a delicious meal
70
to calm down
진정하다 =
Common Usages:
진정하세요! = Calm down!
Examples:
PLAY진정하지 않으면 콜라를 주지 않을 거예요
= If you don’t calm down, I won’t give you a cola
가슴이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요
= When you are nervous, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down
71
to be even
균등하다
Common Usages:
균등하게 나눠 주다 = to distribute/hand out evenly
Examples:
시간은 누구에게나 균등해요
= Time is the same for everybody
PLAY학생들이 균등한 기회를 받으면 미래가 밝아져요
= When/if students receive an equal opportunity, the future becomes brighter
PLAY음식이 충분했으면 사람들에게 균등하게 줬을 거예요
= If there were enough, I would have given the food out to people evenly
72
to be unfamiliar
낯설다
Common Usages:
낯선 사람 = an unfamiliar person
Examples:
PLAY오늘 그 사람을 만나면 낯선 사람으로 대할 거예요
= If I meet that person today, I’m going to treat him like a stranger
낯선 사람이랑 좁은 데에서 산다면 갈등을 피할 길이 없어요
= There is no way of avoiding conflict if you live in a small space with somebody you don’t know well
그녀는 밤에 낯선 남자들한테 공격을 당했어요
= She was attacked by unknown men at night
73
to be suspicious
수상하다
Examples:
PLAY그 남자가 너무 수상하지 않았으면 그를 믿었을 거예요
= If that man weren’t so suspicious, I would have believed him
길을 가다가 우연히 본 남자가 수상해서 경찰에 신고했어요
= While walking down the street, a man I happened to see was suspicious, so I reported him to the police
74
both directions
양쪽
Examples:
PLAY그 연예인이 방에 들어가면 양쪽에서 사람들이 그에게 다가가요
= Whenever that celebrity goes into a room, people approach him/her from both/all directions
어떤 일이 생기더라도 양쪽 말을 들어봐야 사실을 알 수 있어요
= Whatever happens, you should listen to both sides if you want to know the truth
75
hope, desire
소망
Notes: 희망 and 소망 have the same translation and effectively mean the same thing. However, 소망 is more likely to be used with some unattainable wish like “My wish is for the two Koreas to be unified.” That being said, in most cases they are both acceptable.
Common Usages:
소망을 이루다 = to fulfil one’s hope/dreams/desire
소망이 이루어지다 = for one’s hopes to be fulfilled
Examples:
우리의 소망은 통일이에요 = Our hope is unification
소망이 무엇인지 말씀해 주실래요? = Could you please tell me what your dream/hope is?
76
idiom
숙어
Examples:
영어숙어를 같이 외워 볼래? = Shall we try to memorize English idioms together?
이 숙어가 무슨 뜻인지 설명해 주실래요? = Could you please explain what this idiom means?
숙어는 외우지 않으면 기억하기 힘들어요 = If you don’t memorize idioms it is difficult to remember them
77
funeral
장례식
Common Usages:
장례식을 치르다 = to have a funeral
장례식장 = a funeral home
Examples:
장례식에 같이 갈래요? = Shall we go to the funeral together?
장례식에 갈 때는 장례식에 맞는 검정색 옷을 입고 가야 해요 = When you go to a funeral, you should wear the appropriate black clothing
78
training for work
연수
Notes: When teachers at my school receive formal training for their job (similar to “professional development” in western countries), they call this type of training “연수.”
Also, once per year at my school all staff members go on trip to some interesting tourist destination and have a good time. Very little “training” is done during these outings, but I guess the goal is to improve camaraderie and relationships. Nonetheless, this is called “연수.”
Common Usages:
어학연수 = to study abroad for the purpose of learning a language
직원연수 = employee training
교직원연수 = teacher training
Examples:
PLAY연수를 받으러 갑시다 = Let’s go to receive the training
그 문제에 관해 연수를 받았어요 = We/I received training about that problem
연수를 받으시고 싶다면 내일까지 신청하시기 바랍니다
= If you want to receive the training, please apply by tomorrow
오늘은 직원연수가 있어 모든 직원들이 11시에 모여서 버스로 출발할 예정이에요
= There is employee training today, and all employees are scheduled to meet at 11 and leave by bus
79
rules, regulations
규정
Common Usages:
규정을 위반하다 = to break a rule
규정을 어기다 = to break a rule
Examples:
그 규정을 내일부터 시행할 거예요 = We will enforce that rule from tomorrow
규정을 위반하면 그에 따라 벌금을 내야 합니다 = If you break a rule, you have to pay a fine accordingly
몇몇 규정은 소수에 의해 만들어졌기 때문에 모두가 동의하지는 않아요 = Some rules were made by the minority, so not everybody agrees on them
80
(a performing) stage
무대
Common Usages:
무대에 나서다 = to appear on stage
무대에 나오다 = to appear on stage
Examples:
PLAY무대에 같이 올라가자 = Let’s go onto the stage together
무대 위에서 노래를 부를 때마다 저의 걱정과 고민은 모두 사라져요 = Whenever I sing on stage all of my worries and fears disappear
81
punishment
벌
```
Common Usages:
벌금 = a fine
벌을 주다 = to punish
벌을 세우다 = to punish
천벌을 받다 = to be punished by heaven
```
Examples:
PLAY요새 벌이 조금 공평하지 않아. 내일 그것을 선생님이랑 얘기하자
= Lately, the punishments have been a little unfair. Let’s talk about that with the teacher tomorrow
오늘 수업시간에 많은 학생들이 떠들어서 벌을 줬어요
= Many students chatted/were making a lot of noise today so I punished them
82
a little message written on a piece of paper
쪽지
Common Usages:
쪽지를 주고 받다 = to exchange messages
Examples:
PLAY쪽지를 서로 보내자 = Let’s send messages to each other
핸드폰이 생기기 전에는 친구들과 문자를 보내는 대신에 쪽지를 주고 받았어요 = Before cell phones, instead of sending text messages with friends, we exchanged notes
83
refund
환불
Common Usages:
환불은 안 됩니다 = No refund
환불 가능 = refunds are possible (you would see this on a sign in a store)
환불보증 = money back guarantee
Examples:
환불해 주실래요? = Could you please give me a refund?
우리 가게는 환불이나 교환을 해 주지 않습니다 = Our store doesn’t do refunds or exchanges
사과가 다 상해서 환불을 받아야 돼요 = I need to get a refund because all the apples have gone bad
각 가게마다 환불을 받을 수 있는 시기가 다르니 꼼꼼히 확인해야 해요 = The time/period that you can receive a refund at each store is different, so make sure you check them meticulously
84
to memorize
외우다
Common Usages:
어휘를 외우다 = to memorize vocabulary
단어를 외우다 = to memorize a word/word
Examples:
한국어 어휘를 외우는 것은 어려운 편이에요 = Memorizing Korean vocabulary is quite difficult
가사를 더 잘 외울걸 = I should have memorized the lyrics better (but I didn’t)
저는 이렇게 많은 단어를 외울 수 없어요 = I can’t memorize this many words
새로운 단어를 계속 외우다 보면 점점 헷갈려요 = If I keep memorizing new words, I gradually get confused
영어문법을 공부할 때 예외를 그냥 다 외워야 돼요 = When you study English grammar, you just need to memorize all of
85
to back out on something
저버리다
Common Usages:
약속을 저버리다 = to back out on a plan, promise
기대를 저버리다 = to back out on one’s expectations
Examples:
저의 남자친구는 저와의 약속을 저버리고 새로운 여자를 만났어요
= My boyfriend backed out on our plans/promise and met a new girl
그 소년은 가족의 기대를 저버리고 자신이 원하는 선택을 했어요
= That boy went against family expectations and made his own choices
86
to recruit
모집하다
Common Usages:
회원을 모집하다 = to recruit members
신규사원을 모집하다 = to recruit new workers
신입생을 모집하다 = to recruit new students
Examples:
회원을 모집해 볼래요? = Shall we try to recruit some members?
매년 초에 각 대학마다 신입생을 모집하기 위해 홍보 활동을 해요 = Every year at the beginning of the year, each university does promotional activities in order to recruit new students
87
to duplicate, to replicate
복제하다
Common Usages:
복제인간 = a human clone (a copy of a human)
Examples:
그 파일을 이 컴퓨터로 복제해 주실래요? = Could you please copy that file to this computer?
인간을 복제하는 것은 많은 사회적 문제를 불러일으킬 거예요
= Cloning humans will raise / stir up a lot of social problems
이 책을 복제해서 판매할 경우 법을 위반한 것으로 간주되어 벌금을 받습니다
= If you copy this book and sell it, it is considered breaking the law so you will receive a fine
88
to hope, to wish
희망하다
Notes: 희망 and 소망 have the same translation and effectively mean the same thing. However, 소망 is more likely to be used with some unattainable wish like “My wish is for the two Koreas to be unified.” That being said, in most cases they are both acceptable.
Common Usages:
희망자 = somebody hoping for something
희망사항 = a wish list
Examples:
모든 아이들이 밥을 먹을 수 있기를 희망해요 = All children hope/want/wish to be able to eat food
미래에 사람들이 더 살기 좋은 사회가 되기를 희망합니다 = In the future, I hope for a better society to live in
89
to measure
측정하다
Common Usages:
무게를 측정하다 = to measure weight
몸무게를 측정하다 = to measure one’s body weight
Examples:
기후변화를 측정할 길이 없어요 = There is no way of measuring climate change
캐나다 사람들은 거리를 미터와 피트 둘 다로 측정해요 = Canadians measure distance in both feet and meters
신체검사를 할 때 몸무게를 측정하기 때문에 여자아이들은 신체검사를 싫어해요 = When you get a body check-up, you have to measure your body weight so girls don’t like getting check-ups
90
to turn on
틀다
Common Usages:
음악을 틀다 = to turn on music
보일러를 틀다 = to turn on the boiler (heating system in a house)
틀어놓다 = to turn something on and leave it
물/수도꼭지를 틀어놓다 = to turn and leave on the water/faucet
Examples:
에어컨을 틀어 주실래요? = Could you please turn on the air conditioner?
더워서 에어컨을 틀고 싶어요 = I want to turn the air conditioner on because it is hot
겨울에는 보일러를 틀어야 해서 난방비가 많이 나와요 = In the winter you have to turn on the boiler, so heating bills are high
91
to write up, to fill out
작성하다
Common Usages:
서류를 작성하다 = to fill out a document
양식을 작성하다 = to fill out a form
이력서를 작성하다 = to write a resume
Examples:
이것을 다 작성해 주실래요? = Could you please write all of this up for me?
펜으로 양식을 작성해 주시기 바랍니다 = Please fill out the form using a pen
부장님이 리포트를 내일까지 다 작성하라고 했어요
= The boss told me to write up the whole report by tomorrow
결혼비자를 받기 위해서는 작성해야 할 서류가 매우 많아서 복잡해요
In order to get a marriage visa, there are really a lot of documents that have to be filled out, so it’s complicated
92
to delay
연기하다
Common Usages:
일정을 연기하다 = to delay a schedule
날짜를 연기하다 = to push back a date
계획을 연기하다 = to delay plans
Examples: 우리는 이 일을 더 이상 연기할 수 없어요 = We can’t delay this work any more
경기를 내일까지 연기할래요? = Shall we delay the match until tomorrow?
우리가 원래 내일 만나기로 했는데 우리 둘 다 너무 바빠서 다음 주로 연기했어요
= We originally decided to meet tomorrow, but we delayed it to next week because we were both so busy
93
to enforce, to conduct, to implement
시행하다
Common Usages:
법을 시행하다 = to enforce/implement a rule
Examples:
법을 엄격하게 시행할래요? = Shall we enforce the punishment strictly?
그 규정을 내일부터 시행할 거예요 = We will enforce that rule from tomorrow
몇몇 나라에서는 법이 매우 엄격하게 시행되기 때문에 법을 어겨서는 안됩니다
= In some countries, laws are very strictly enforced, so the law must not be broken
이 법이 시행되면 사회에 많은 변화가 있을 것으로 예상됩니다
= If this law is implemented/enforced, it is expected that there will be lot of changes in society
94
to enforce, to conduct, to implement
실시하다
Examples: 기한이 이미 지나서 선거를 실시할 수 없어요
= You can’t hold an election because the time limit has already passed
새로운 체육 프로그램을 오늘부터 실시할 예정이니 체육복을 꼭 입고 수업에 참가해주세요
= We will be running a new P.E. program from today, so make sure you put on your exercise clothes and attend the class
95
to be fair
공평하다
공평하게 대우다 = to treat unfairly
불공평하다 = to be unfair
Examples: 우리 아버지가 엄겻하지만 공평해요 = our father is strict but fair.
요새 벌이 조금 공평하지 않아. 내일 그것을 선생님이랑 얘기하자 = Lately, the punishments have been a little unfair. Let's talk about that with the teacher tomorrow.
96
to be strict
엄격하다
법이 엄격하다 = for a law to be strict
규칙이 엄격하다 = for a rule to be strict
규정이 엄격하다 = for a rule/regulation to be strict
선생님이 엄격하다 = for a teacher to be strict
Examples:
우리 아버지가 엄격하지만 공평해요 = our father is strict but fair
저희 부모님께 제가 어렸을 때부터 엄격하셔서 저는 부모님을 무서워했어요 = I was scared of my parents because they were strict since I was young
몇몇 나라에서는 법이 매우 엄격하게 시행되기 때문에 법을 어겨서는 안 됩니다
97
to be fluent
유창하다 = to be fluent
유창하게 말하다 = to speak a language fluently
저는 한국어를 유창하게 할 수 있어요 = I can speak korean fluently
저는 외국어를 유창하게 하는 사람들이 부러워요 = I am envious of people who can speak foreign languages fluently
98
these days
요새
요새 들어 = recently, these days
요새 갑자기 날씨가 추워져서 모두들 감기 조심하세요! = the weather suddenly got cold these days so be careful of catching a cold
요새 들어모기기가 많아져서 자기 전에 꼭 모기향을 피워야 해요
99
naked
알몸
Examples:
PLAY물에 알몸으로 들어가자 = Let’s go into the water naked
잠옷이 없으니까 저는 오늘 밤에 알몸으로 잘 거예요 = I don’t have pajamas, so I’m going to sleep naked tonight
100
a suit
정장
Common Usages:
정장 차림으로 = wearing a suit
정장을 맞추다 = to get a suit tailored
Examples:
PLAY살이 많이 빠져서 지금 정장을 편히 입을 수 있어요
= I can wear a suit comfortably now because I lost a lot of weight
오늘 정장을 맞추기 위해 퇴근을 조금 일찍 해야 해요
= I have to leave work a little bit early today to get a suit tailored
101
time limit, deadline
기한
Common Usages:
유통기한 = expiration date
기한을 지키다 = to meet a deadline
기한을 맞추다 = to meet a deadline
Examples:
그 일을 다 마치더라도 이미 기한이 지났어요
= Even if I finish all of that work, the deadline is already passed
우유를 살 때 유통기한을 꼭 확인하세요
= Make sure you check the expiration date when you buy milk
이 프로젝트를 기한 내에 끝내지 못하면 모든 노력이 헛수고가 돼요
= If you don’t finish this project within the deadline, all your work will be for nothing (“in vain”)
102
ethics/morals
윤리
Common Usages:
윤리적으로 = ethically
윤리적인 문제 = ethical problem
Examples:
PLAY선생님이 원하시면 윤리 교과 과정을 바꿀 수 있어요
= If you want, you (the teacher) can change the ethics curriculum
윤리를 아이들에게 어렸을 때부터 교육하는 것이 중요해요
= It is important to educate kids about ethics from when they are young
103
entire body
온몸
Common Usages:
온몸이 아프다 = for one’s entire body to be sore
온몸이 쑤시다 = for one’s entire body to be sore (“쑤시다” is an old fashioned way to say this)
Examples:
PLAY이 로션을 온몸에 바를 수 있어요 = You can apply this lotion all over your body
어제 음식을 잘 못 먹고 온몸에 두드러기가 나서 응급실에 갔어요
= I ate something fishy yesterday, and a rash came up (broke out) all over my body so I went to the emergency room
이번 독감은 매우 독해서 독감에 걸리면 온몸이 아프니 더욱 감기를 조심하시길 바랍니다
= The flu this time is very strong/potent, so if you catch the flu, your whole body will get sick/ache, so be careful of (catching) colds
104
poison
독
Common Usages:
식중독 = food poisoning
독약 = poison usually made for the purpose of killing somebody
맹독 = powerful poison (often from snakes “venom”)
해독제 = antidote
Examples:
PLAY이 독을 마시면 치료할 수 없어요 = If you drink this poison, you cannot cure/treat it
이 뱀은 맹독이 있으므로 물리면 바로 병원에 가서 치료를 받아야 합니다
= This snake has venom, so if you get bit, you should go to the hospital immediately and receive treatment
옛날에는 큰 죄를 저지른 사람에게는 벌로써 독약이 담긴 음식을 먹게 했어요
= A long time ago, as punishment for commitment of serious crimes, people were forced to eat poisoned food
105
human rights
인권
```
Common Usages:
인권운동 = the exercising of human rights (“human rights movement”)
인권운동가 = human rights activist
인권보호 = the protection of human rights
여성인권 = women’s rights
```
Examples:
PLAY이번 선거로 인권 문제를 해결할 수 있어요
= We can solve the problem of human rights through this election
저는 미래에 인권보호를 위한 인권운동단체를 설립하고 싶습니다
= In the future, I want to establish an organization for the protection of human rights
세상에는 아직도 여성의 인권이 매우 낮은 곳이 많습니다
= In this world even now, there are still many places where the rights of women are terribly low
106
curriculum
교과 과정
Examples:
PLAY선생님이 원하시면 윤리 교과 과정을 바꿀 수 있어요
= If you want, you (the teacher) can change the ethics curriculum
몇 년 주기로 한국에서는 더 나은 교육을 위해 교과 과정이 변경돼요
= Every few years in Korea, the curriculum changes to provide a better education
107
a point when it refers to a place
지점
Common Usages:
중간지점 = halfway point
Examples:
PLAY저는 그 지점에서 만날 수 있어요 = I can meet at that point
중간지점이나 학교 근처에서 만나는 게 어때요? = How about meeting half-way or at school?
저는 친구들과 약속 장소를 정할 때 항상 중간 지점에서 만나요 = When friends and I decide on a place to get together, we always meet at a halfway point
108
election
선거
Common Usages:
선거운동 = campaigning for an election
선거에서 투표하다 = to vote in an election
Examples:
선거에서 투표를 해야 돼요 = I/you need to vote in the election
PLAY이번 선거로 인권 문제를 해결할 수 있어요 = We can solve the problem of human rights through this election
PLAY기한이 이미 지나서 선거를 실시할 수 없어요
= You can’t hold an election because the time limit has already passed
돈을 주고 받는 선거운동은 불법이므로 꼭 경찰에 신고해야 합니다
= Since the exchange of money is illegal during an election campaign, it has to be reported to the police
109
laundry
세탁
Common Usages:
세탁기 = laundry machine
세탁기를 돌리다 = to turn on, use a washing machine
손 세탁 = hand wash
Examples:
PLAY저는 세탁을 집에서 할 수 있어요 = I can do laundry at home
저는 밤에 세탁기를 돌렸어요 = I ran my laundry machine at night
옷감의 종류에 따라 세탁의 방법이 달라지니 세탁을 할 때 주의하세요 = Depending on the type of material the way to launder clothes can be different, so when doing laundry, pay attention
110
first sight
첫눈
Common Usages:
첫눈에 사랑에 빠지다 = to fall in love at first sight
첫눈에 반하다 = to fall in love at first sight
Examples:
저는 제 여자친구를 보자마자 너무 아름다워서 첫눈에 반했어요
= As soon as I saw my girlfriend, she is/(was) very beautiful so I fell in love with her at first sight
카페에서 첫눈에 초등학교 친구를 알아보고 반가워 인사를 했어요
= In the coffee shop, I recognized an old elementary school friend at first glance, and I was happy to see him so I said “hi”
111
a long time period
장기
Common Usages:
장기임대 = long term lease/rental
장기계약 = long term contract
장기휴가 = long term vacation
Examples:
장기임대를 할수록 이곳의 임대료가 싸져요
= The longer you rent this place, the lower the rental fee is
PLAY그런 일을 하면 장기 휴가를 갈 수 없어요
= If you do that kind of work/job, you can’t go on any long/extended holidays
이 회사에서 일하려면 2년이상의 장기계약을 해야 하므로 신중히 고려해 주세요
= If intending to work at this company please give careful consideration to the obligation of committing to a long-term contract in excess of 2 years
112
a short time period
단기
Common Usages:
단기임대 = short term lease/rental
단기계약 = short term contract
단기휴가 = short term vacation
Examples:
이 집을 단기로 계약해서 이사 왔기 때문에 곧 다른 집을 찾아봐야 해요
= We moved into this place on a short term lease, so we soon need to go out and find another place
단기다이어트계획으로 우선 하루에 1시간씩 걸어서 출퇴근할 거예요
= My short term diet plans are first to walk to and from work for an hour every day
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to teach oneself
자습하다
Common Usages:
자습실 = self-study room
자습시간 = self-study time
Examples:
PLAY여기서 자습할 수 있어요? = Are you able to (self-)study here?
PLAY그런 시끄러운 방에서 저는 자습할 수 없어요 = I can’t (self)-study in such a loud room
우리가 내일 자습이나 복습을 할 거예요 = Tomorrow we will do self-study or review
한국의 몇몇 고등학교에서는 의무적으로 학생들이 수업 후 자습을 해요 = In some Korean schools, it is obligatory for students to self-study after school/classes
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`to slip
미끄러지다
Notes: This is the verb form of the adjective 미끄럽다 (to be slippery)
Examples:
겨울철에 눈이 많이 내리면 차가 도로에서 많이 미끄러져서 사고가 나요
= In the winter, when it snows a lot, cars slip on the roads and there are a lot of accidents
저희 엄마는 어제 길에서 미끄러져서 병원에 입원했어요
= Yesterday our mom slipped on the road and went to the hospital
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to refer to, to consult
참고하다
Common Usages:
자료를 참고하다 = to refer to material
Examples:
이 자료를 참고해서 열 장짜리 에세이를 써서 2주 안에 제출해야 해요
= Refer to this material, write a ten-paged essay and submit it within two weeks
저는 주로 책을 참고해서 집안을 꾸미는 것을 좋아해요
= I usually/mostly like to decorate my house by looking at/referring to books
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to apply or spread a liquid
바르다
Common Usages:
로션을 바르다 = to apply lotion
데오드란트를 바르다 = to put on deodorant
자외선 차단제(UV blocker)/선크림을 바르다 = to apply sun cream
Examples:
로션을 얼굴에도 발라 야 돼요 = You should also put lotion on your face
손이 부드럽지 않아서 로션을 발랐어요 = I put lotion on my hands because they weren’t soft
화장품을 바를 때 올바른 순서로 제품을 바르는 것은 매우 중요해요
= It is very important that you apply makeup products in the right order
어제 해변에 가서 로션을 많이 발랐는데 피부가 탔어요
= I went to the beach yesterday, and even though I put on a lot of lotion, I got a sun burn
피부를 보호하기 위해 여름에는 자외선 차단제를 발라 야 돼요
= In order to protect your skin, you need to apply sun screen in the summer
저는 아침마다 빵에다가 땅콩버터를 발라서 먹어요
= Every morning, I spread peanut butter on bread and eat it
샤워를 하고 로션을 바르고 화장을 했다. 오늘은 특별히 내가 아끼는 립스틱을 발랐다
= I showered, spread on lotion, and did my makeup. For today, especially, I applied my favorite lipstick.
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to be isolated
고립되다
Examples:
이 섬은 육지에서 멀리 떨어진 고립된 섬이에요 = This is an isolated island far from land
그 아이는 세상에서 고립된 채로 10년간 살아왔어요 = That child lived isolated from the world for ten years
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to be slippery
미끄럽다
Common Usages:
길이 미끄럽다 = for a street to be slippery
바위가 미끄럽다 = for a rock to be slippery
Examples:
길이 미끄러워서 저는 넘어졌어요 = I fell over because the road is slippery
낙엽 때문에 산길이 미끄러워요 = The (mountain) path is slippery because of the fallen leaves
바위는 매우 미끄러우니 지나갈 때 주의하세요 = The rocks are very slippery, so when you go by, be careful
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to be urgent
시급하다
Common Usages:
도입이 시급하다 = to introduce (into the market or society) urgently/quickly
시급히 = immediately, urgently
시급한 문제 = an urgent problem
Examples:
PLAY시급한 일이 생겨서 지금 나갈 수 없어요 = Something urgent came up, so I can’t go out
이 정책은 한국에 매우 필요하므로 국내 도입이 시급합니다 = Korea needs this policy a lot, so the introduction of it in the country is urgent
120
to be the same as, to be identical to
동일하다
Examples:
일란성 쌍둥이들은 생김새가 동일해요 = The appearance of identical twins is the same
두 제품을 비교해 본 결과 같은 원료로 만들어졌기 때문에 동일하다고 할 수 있어요 = With the results of (trying to) compare the two products, they are made from the same material, so you can think of them as the same
121
smoothly
술술
Examples:
어제 컨디션이 좋아서 어려운 수학문제가 술술 풀렸어요
= Yesterday, my body condition was good so I could easily/smoothly solve math problems
며칠 동안 잘 풀리지 않던 일이 오늘 갑자기 술술 해결됐어요
= The problem/work that we hadn’t been able to fix for a few days was smoothly resolved suddenly today
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etc…
등
Notes: This sounds ridiculous, but 등 can be used to have seemingly opposite meanings.
More commonly, it can be added after a list to indicate that there are more examples that can be added to that list. This can typically be translated to “etc…” For example:
서울, 부산, 제주도 등 한국에서는 관광을 할 수 있는 많은 지역이 있어요
= There are many places you can travel/tour in Korea, like Seoul, Busan, Jeju, and etc…
계절이 바뀌면서 겨울잠바, 신발 등 사야 할 게 많아요
= When the season changes, there are many things you need to buy, like a winter jumper, shoes, etc…
It can also be added after a list to indicate that the examples on a list are limited to those already mentioned. For example:
저는 2주 동안 대만, 태국, 베트남 등 세 개국을 여행할 거예요 = I will travel to three places during the next two weeks; Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam
The context usually makes it clear which is being used. For example, in the second usage, there is usually some specific indication of the amount of things that are being acted on. As you can see in the example above, the use of “세 개국” indicates that “three countries” will be traveled.
