Vocab Units 16-20 Flashcards
1
Q
economy/economics
A
경제
Common Usages:
경제적이다 = economical
세계 경제 = world economy
경제학 = economics (the study of economy)
Example:
요즘에 세계 경제는 좋아지고 있어요 = The world economy is getting better these days
아시아의 경제는 요즘에 좋아지고 있어요 = The Asian economy is getting better these days
2
Q
economical
A
경제적
Common Usages: 경제적인 이유 = economic reason 경제적인 결정 = economic decision 경제적인 문제 = economic problem 경제적으로 = economically
Example:
미국은 경제적인 결정을 했어요 = The US made an economical decision
3
Q
history
A
역사
Common Usages: 역사적이다 = historical 세계역사 = world history 역사가 = historian 역사 수업 = history class
Example:
저는 한국역사에 관심이 있어요 = I am interested in Korean history
우리 학교에서 학생들은 역사와 지리를 같이 배워요 = At our school, students learn history and geography together
4
Q
historical
A
역사적
Common Usages:
역사적으로 = historically
Example:
한국과 미국은 역사적으로 좋은 관계가 있다 = Historically, Korea and the US have had a good relationship
5
Q
science
A
과학
Common Usages: 과학적이다 = scientific 과학 기술 = science and technology 과학자 = scientist 과학연구 = science (scientific research) 자연과학 = natural sciences 과학수업 = science class
Example:
한국 학생들은 다른 나라 학생들보다 과학을 더 잘 해요 = Korean students are better at science than students of other countries
6
Q
scientific
A
과학적
Common Usages:
과학적인 설명 = scientific explanation
과학적으로 = scientific
7
Q
impulse/shock
A
충동
Common Usages:
충동적이다 = impulsive
성적 충동 = sexual urge
Example:
저는 그녀한테 키스하고 싶은 충동을 참지 못했어요 = I couldn’t resist the urge to kiss her
8
Q
impulsive
A
충동적
Common Usages:
충동적으로 = impulsively
Examples:
PLAY저는 자주 옷을 충동적으로 사요 = I often buy clothes impulsively
저의 누나는 충동적인 여자예요 = My older sister is an impulsive girl
9
Q
culture
A
문화
Common Usages: 문화적이다 = cultural 문화 차이 = differences in culture 동구문화 = Eastern culture 서구문화 = Western culture
Example:
한국문화는 오래됐고 흥미로워요 = Korean culture is long and interesting
10
Q
cultural
A
문화적
Common Usages:
문화적으로 = culturally
Example:
한국 사람과 중국 사람은 문화적으로 달라요 = Korean and Chinese people are culturally different
11
Q
democracy
A
민주(주의)
Common Examples:
민주주의자 = democrat
Example:
북한 사람들은 민주주의가 무엇인지 몰라요 = North Koran people don’t know what democracy is
12
Q
democratic
A
민주적
Common Usages:
민주적으로 = democratically
Examples:
PLAY미국은 민주적인 나라예요 = The US is a democratic nation
미국은 대통령을 민주적으로 선출해요 = America elects its president democratically
13
Q
individual/personal
A
개인
Example:
그 헬스장은 개인 사물함을 제공해요 = That gym provides a personal locker
14
Q
individual
A
개인적
Example:
저는 그녀랑 개인적으로 얘기하고 싶어요 = I want to talk to her personally
15
Q
nature
A
자연
Common Usages:
자연스럽다 = natural
자연의 법칙 = the laws of nature
자연과학 = natural science
Example:
사람들은 자연을 지켜야 돼요 = People need to protect nature
16
Q
natural
A
자연스럽다
Examples:
PLAY그는 한국어를 자연스럽게 말해요 = he speaks Korean naturally
그 여자는 자연스러운 머리를 가지고 있어요 = That girl has natural hair
17
Q
disappointment(disappointed)
A
실망(하다)
Notes: 실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “disappointed” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.
Examples:
저는 실망했어요 = I was disappointed.
실망하지 마세요 = Don’t be disappointed
18
Q
to be disappointing
A
실망스럽다
Notes: 실망하다 describes the feeling of being disappointed. 실망스럽다 describes something that is disappointing. 실망스럽다 is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “disappointed” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See below in this lesson for more information.
Example:
PLAY결과는 조금 실망스러웠어요 = The result was a little bit disappointing
저는 결과가 실망스러웠어요 = I was disappointed in the result
19
Q
love/(to love)
A
사랑(하다)
Common Usages:
사랑에 빠지다 = to fall in love
서로 사랑하다 = to love each other
사랑니 = wisdom tooth
Example:
저는 그 여자를 사랑해요 = I love that girl
저는 그 여자를 그때만 사랑했어요 = I only loved her at that time
저의 여자 친구가 완벽해서 저는 그녀를 사랑해요 = I love my girlfriend because she is perfect
저는 친구들로부터 사랑을 많이 받았어요 = I received a lot of love from friends
그 남자는 자기 여자 친구를 아직 사랑해요= That man still loves his girlfriend
저는 내일 저의 여자 친구를 위해 사랑편지를 쓸 거예요 = Tomorrow I will write a love letter for my girlfriend
20
Q
to be lovely
A
사랑스럽다
Common Usages:
사랑스러운 여자 = A lovely girl
Example:
그 여자는 사랑스러워요 = That girl is lovely
우리 딸은 사랑스러운 여자예요 = Our daughter is a loving/lovely girl
저는 그를 사랑스럽게 봤어요 = I looked at him lovingly
Lyrics from ‘강남스타일’: “아름다워 사랑스러워 그래 너 hey 그래 바로 너 hey”
21
Q
satisfaction/(to be satisfied)
A
만족(하다)
Notes: 만족하다describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “satisfied” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.
Common Usages:
만족시키다 = to satisfy
Example:
저는 만족해요 = I am satisfied
그는 만족해요 = He is satisfied
부장님을 만족시키는 것은 어려워요 = Is it is difficult to satisfy our boss
22
Q
to be satisfactory
A
만족스럽다
Notes: 만족하다describes the feeling of being satisfied. 만족스럽다 describes something that is satisfactory. 만족스럽다is sometimes used in sentences that translate to one’s feelings being “satisfied” using the Subject – Object – Adjective form. See Lesson 16.
Examples:
PLAY결과는 만족스러웠어요 = The results were satisfactory
저는 음식이 만족스러웠어요 = I was satisfied with the food
23
Q
relationship
A
관계
Example:
미국과 한국의 관계가 좋아요 = Korea and the US have a good relationship
저는 엄마랑 아무 관계도 없어요 = I don’t have any relationship with my mother
24
Q
pencil
A
연필
Example:
연필 몇 개가 있어요? How many pencils do you have?
저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
25
color
색깔
Common Usages:
“색” is used after the words of most colors.
For example: 빨간색 (red), 노란색 (yellow), 녹색 (green)
Example:
보라색은 제가 가장 좋아하는 색깔이에요 = Purple is my favorite color
가을에 잎의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the leaves changes in the fall
PLAY그 여자의 머리 색깔은 자연스러워 = That girl’s hair color is natural
26
result
결과
Common Usages:
결과가 나오다 = for the results to “come out”
결과가 만족스럽다 = for the results to be satisfactory
결과가 실망스럽다 = for the results to be disappointing
Example:
저의 시험 결과는 좋아요 = The result of my exam is good (my exam results are good)
간부들은 그 결과를 회의에서 발표했어요 = The executives announced that result at the meeting
PLAY결과는 만족스러웠어요 = The results were satisfactory
우리가 만족스러운 결과를 받았어요 = We received a satisfactory result
27
world
세상
Examples:
세상에 가장 예쁜 여자는 누구예요? Who is the most beautiful girl in the world?
제 남편은 세상에서 제일 멋있어요 = My husband is the coolest in the world
힘과 권력이 있는 사람이 세상을 지배해요 = People with power (and strength) rule the world
그 아이는 세상에서 고립된 채로 10년간 살아왔어요
= That child lived isolated from the world for ten years
제가 세상에서 제일 싫어하는 것은 말다툼을 하는 거예요
= The thing I hate the most in the world is arguing (with people)
세상에는 아직도 여성의 인권이 매우 낮은 곳이 많습니다
= In this world even now, there are still many places where the rights of women are terribly low
댓글을 읽다 보니 세상에는 정말 다양한 사람들이 있다는 것을 깨닫게 되었어요
= After reading the comments I came to realize there really are all kinds of people in the world
28
world
세계
```
Common Usages:
세계 평화 = world peace
세계 지도 = world map
세계화 = globalization
현실 세계 = real world
전 세계 = the whole world
세계여행 = world travel
```
Examples:
요즘에 세계 경제는 좋아지고 있어요 = The world economy is getting better these days
전 세계에서 온 관광객들은 그 축제에 갔어요 = Tourists from all over the world went to that festival
29
conversation
회화
```
Common Usages:
영어회화 = English conversation
영어회화수업 = English conversation class
영어회화교사 = English conversation teacher
중국어회화 = Chinese conversation
```
Notes: “회화” is usually placed after the name of a language to refer to the conversation aspect of that language. It is not used to mean “to have a conversation.” The words 이야기하다 or 대화하다 should be used for that meaning.
Examples:
저는 중국어회화 수업을 듣고 있어요 = I am taking a Chinese conversation class
한국 학생들한테 영어회화는 중요하지 않아요 = English conversation isn’t important to Korean students
30
chest
가슴
Common Usages:
닭가슴살 = chicken breast
Notes: Just like in English, this word can be used to refer to the general area of one’s chest, or a woman’s breasts. It can also be used to refer to one’s “heart.”
Examples:
한국사람들이 가슴에 털이 없어요 = Korean people don’t have hair on their chest
그 여자가 가슴이 커요 = That woman has big breasts
심장이 멈춘 듯이 가슴이 아파요 = My chest hurts as if my heart has stopped
당신의 눈을 응시할 때 가슴이 설레어요 = When I gaze into your eyes, my heart flutters
가슴이 떨릴 때는 심호흡을 깊게 하면 진정이 돼요 = When you are nervous, if you breathe deeply you can be calmed down
31
title of something (book, etc)
제목
Common Usages:
노래 제목 = the name of a song
책 제목 = the name of a book
Example:
그 책의 제목은 뭐에요? = What is the title of that book?
32
close/near by
근처
Notes: 근처 and 가깝다 are words that have similar meanings. 근처 is actually a noun but I feel it acts and feels like an adverb. 가깝다 is an adjective, which means it can predicate sentences and describe upcoming nouns. 근처 is most commonly used after a noun (like 위, 안, 밑, 뒤, etc…) to mean “close to…” for example:
대학로 근처에 극장이 많아요 = There are a lot of theaters near 대학로
It can also be used to generally just mean “close” to here. In these cases, 여기 can be omitted:
저의 친구는 (여기) 근처에 살아요 = My friend lives close (to here)
33
recently
최근
Notes: This can be used before a noun to describe it. For example:
최근 날씨가 추워요 = The recent weather is cold
It can also be used with ~에 to generally mean “recently.” For example:
Example: 최근에 사람이 많이 와요 = Recently, many people have been coming
34
to untie, to unfasten, to loosen
풀다
```
Common Usages:
코를 풀다 = to blow one’s nose
스트레스를 풀다 = to relieve stress
문제를 풀다 = to solve a problem
신발끈을 풀다 = to untie one’s shoes
```
Examples:
운동은 스트레스를 풀어요 = exercise relieves stress
저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
저는 그 수학문제를 연필과 종이로 풀었어요 = I solved that math problem using a paper and a pencil
이 붕대를 풀자마자 애기가 기어 다니기 시작해도 돼요 = As soon as you unravel this bandage, the baby can start crawling around
35
to dream
꿈꾸다
Common Usages:
이상한 꿈을 꾸다 = to have a weird dream
Example:
저는 어젯밤에 이상한 꿈을 꿨어요 = I had a strange dream last night
36
to be born
태어나다
Common Usages:
태어났을 때부터 = since I was born/my whole life
한국에서 태어나다 = to be born in Korean
Example:
저는 캐나다에서 태어났어요 = I was born in Canada
저는 한국에서 태어난 게 아니라 캐나다에서 태어난 교포예요
= I wasn’t born is Korea, I am a foreign-born Korean born in Canada
가난한 집안에서 태어나 이렇게 큰 성공을 이룬 이 사람의 이야기는 신화와 같아요
= The story of this person being born into a poor family and achieving this much success is like a myth/legend
저는 한국에서 태어났지만 태어나고 바로 미국으로 이사해서 한국어를 알아들을 수 없어요. 그래서 한국어를 이제 배우기로 했어요.
= I was born in Korea but moved to America right after I was born, so I can’t understand Korean. Therefore, I decided to learn Korean now.
37
to go somewhere frequently
다니다
```
Common Usages:
기어다니다 = to crawl around
돌아다니다 = to wander around
학교를 다니다 = to attend school
다녀오다 = to go, and then come back
다녀오세요 = This can be used to say “goodbye,” as it literally translates to “to go somewhere, wander around, and then come back.”
```
Example:
어느 학교를 다녀요? = What school do you go to?
우리 딸은 그 고등학교를 다녀요 = Our daughter attends that high school
우리 어머니는 서울대학교를 다녔어요 = Our mom attended Seoul University
저는 6개월 동안 동남아시아에서 돌아다녔어요 = I wandered around South East Asia for 6 months
38
to believe, to trust
믿다
Common Usages:
신을 믿다 = To believe in god
종교를 믿다 = To have/believe in a religion
저를 믿어 주세요 = (Please) Believe me!
Examples:
저는 그 사람을 믿을 수 없어요 = I can’t believe/trust that person
저는 그런 사람을 믿지 않아요 = I don’t trust that type of person/those types of people
관객은 대통령이 하는 말을 믿지 않았어요 = The audience didn’t believe what the president said
옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 믿었어요
= A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of gods
그 친구는 남의 말만 믿고 저를 무시했어요
= That friend believed what other people said (about me), and ignored me
그 생물 선생님이 종교를 믿어서 자기가 가르치는 내용을 안 믿어요
= That Biology teacher doesn’t believe the content he teaches because he is religious (believes in a religion)
39
to be close to, to be near
가깝다
Examples:
저의 친구의 집은 가까워요 = My friend’s house is close
저의 친구는 가까운 집에 살아요 = literally – my friend lives in a near by house
성수기가 가까워질수록 숙소비가 더 비싸져요
= As it gets closer to the peak season, the price of accommodation gets more expensive
그래서 나는 여행을 가기로 결심을 했다. 아일랜드와 지리적으로 매우 가깝지만 한 번 도 가지 않았던 영국에 가기로 결심했다
= So, I decided to go traveling. I decided to go to England, which, although geographically very close to Ireland, I had not been to once.
40
to be difficult to do something
힘들다
Notes: This is a word that is difficult to translate. It’s usually used on things that are physically straining. However, something mentally straining (like solving a math problem) could also be ‘힘들다’ because those types of things might also elicit a physical response as well.
You’d be surprised how often you hear this word in Korean. Everything is ‘힘들다.’
Going out for a walk: 아~ 힘들어!
Taking the subway: 아~ 힘들어!
Cooking a meal: 아~ 힘들어!
Common Usages:
힘든 일 = difficult work
힘들겠다! = That must be difficult!
힘들어 죽겠다 = a common phrase people say “It’s so hard it’s like I’m going to die.”
Examples:
학생들을 가르치는 것은 힘들어요 = It is hard to teach students
이 문제를 극복하는 것이 힘들 거예요 = It will be difficult to overcome this problem
그 일이 힘들지 모르겠어요 = I don’t know if that work will be difficult
소방 훈련이 힘들어 보여요 = Firefighting training looks difficult
저는 멀리 살고 있기 때문에 집까지 걸어가기 힘들어요
= It is difficult to walk home because I live far
오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요
= Today was really difficult, so I want to take a warm bath
41
to be pure
순수하다
Example:
그녀는 아주 순수해 보여요 = She looks really innocent
하얀색은 가장 순수한 색깔이에요 = White is the purest color
42
fruit
과일
Common Usages:
과일즙 = some sort of juice made from the juice of a fruit
과일이 상하다 = for fruit to spoil
과일이 신선하다 = for fruit to be fresh
Examples:
저는 과일을 싫어해요 = I dislike fruit
저는 주로 과일과 야채를 먹어요 = I mainly eat fruits and vegetables
사과는 가장 맛있는 과일이에요 = Apples are the most delicious fruit
저는 보통 점심식사로 과일만 먹어요 = I usually only eat fruit for lunch
저는 과일도 좋아하고 야채도 좋아해요 = I like fruit, and I like vegetables too
43
alcohol
술
```
Common Usages:
술에 취하다 = to be drunk
술을 마시다 = to drink alcohol
술집 = bar (literally, “alcohol house”)
술배 = beer belly
술을 깨다 = to get sober
```
Examples:
술을 마셨어요? = Were you drinking? (did you drink alcohol?)
건강해지려고 술을 안 마실 거예요 = In order to get healthy, I will not drink alcohol
시간이 있으시면 술을 마시러 술집에 갑시다 = If you have time, let’s go to a bar to drink alcohol!
44
leaf
잎
Common Usages:
나뭇잎 = a leaf from a tree
Examples:
가을에 잎의 색깔은 변해요 = The color of the leaves changes in the fall
45
church
교회
Common Usages:
교회를 다니다 = to go to/attend church
Examples:
우리 가족은 일요일마다 교회를 다녀요 = Our family goes to church every Sunday
저는 내일 오전에 교회에 가야 돼요 = I have to go to church tomorrow in the morning
46
river
강
Common Usages:
한강 = The Han River
강남 = south of the river/Gang-nam
Example:
강 옆에 큰 산이 있어요 = There is a big mountain next to the river
그 강은 완전히 말랐어요 = That river has completely dried up
47
season
계절
Common Usages:
사계절 = four seasons
Example:
한국은 사계절이 있어요 = There are four seasons in Korea
48
kitchen
부엌
Example:
요리사들은 저녁을 부엌에서 준비했어요 = The chefs prepared the dinner in the kitchen
49
homeroom teacher
담임선생님
Examples:
담임선생님이 누구예요? = Who is your homeroom teacher?
그 문제에 대해 담임선생님과 함께 얘기했어요 = I talked about that problem with my homeroom teacher
50
vacation
방학
Common Usages:
겨울 방학 = winter vacation
여름 방학 = summer vacation
방학 동안 = during vacation
Examples:
방학은 언제야? = When is vacation?
저는 방학 동안 공부를 많이 했어요 = I studied a lot during vacation
방학 동안 집에 안 갔습니까? = You didn’t go home during vacation?
한국에서는 겨울 방학이 여름 방학보다 더 길어요 = In Korea, winter vacation is longer than summer vacation
저는 방학 동안 책 두 권을 읽고 싶어요 = I want to read two books during vacation
방학 동안 저는 학교에 있고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to be at school during vacation
51
pear
배
Common Usages:
배즙 = pear juice
Notes: Pears in Korea look more like apples, not like typical western pears.
Example:
한국 배는 서양 배와 달라요 = Korean pears are different from western pears
52
radish
무
Notes: A Korean radish is different from a western radish. In Canada, I am used to radishes that are red on the outside and about the size of a golf-ball. Korean radishes are about the size of an American football and green and white in color.
Example: 한국 사람들은 무김치를 많이 먹어요 = Korean people eat a lot of radish kimchi
53
potato
감자
Common Usages:
감자튀김 = fried potatoes (French fries)
감자조림 = potatoes in soy sauce (common Korean side dish)
감자를 삶다 = to boil potatoes
Examples:
저는 감자를 30분 동안 끓였어요 = I boiled the potatoes for 30 minutes
저는 감자를 칼로 잘랐어요 = I cut the potatoes with a knife
54
knife
칼
Common Usages:
칼로 자르다 = to cut with a knife
칼 바람 = a very cold wind
칼날 = the blade of a knife
Example:
저는 감자를 칼로 잘랐어요 = I cut the potatoes with a knife
55
sea
바다
Common Usages:
바닷가 = the area around the ocean/sea
바닷물 = sea water
Examples:
저는 아이들이랑 바다에서 수영했어요 = I swam in the sea with the kids
바다 근처에 바람이 세게 불어요 = The wind is strong near the ocean
바다는 춥고 더러워요 = The ocean is cold and dirty
56
newspaper
신문
Common Usages:
신문지 = literally the paper of a newspaper
신문을 읽다 = to read the newspaper
Example:
한자는 한국 신문에는 많이 사용돼요 = Hanja (Chinese characters) are used a lot in Korean newspapers
57
customer
고객
Common Usages:
고객님 = a polite way to say “customer”
고객센터 = customer center
Example:
고객님들은 항상 맞아요 = The customer is (customers are) always right
그 주인은 고객님들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the customers well
오늘 고객이 많고 분위기가 좋아요 = Today there are a lot of customers and the atmosphere is good
58
education
교육
Common Usages:
교육을 받다 = to receive education
교육청 = school board/office of education
서울교육청 = Seoul Metropolitan Office of Education
교육과정 = curriculum (often said as “커리큘럼” these days)
교육감 = the superintendent of a school board
교육 제도 = the education system
Example:
한국 교육 제도는 미국 교육 제도와 달라요 = Korea’s educational system is different from America’s educational system
59
feelings
기분
Common Usages:
기분이 좋다 = to be happy, feel good
기분이 나쁘다 = to feel sad, “not good”
기분이 상하다 = for one’s feelings to be “spoiled” or hurt
Example:
그 말을 들었더니 기분이 상했어요 = My feelings were hurt after hearing that
그 일이 다 끝나서 지금 기분이 아주 좋아요 = Now that that work is finished, I am very happy
60
turn (turn to go)/order
순서
Common Usages:
순서대로 = in order
순서를 바꾸다 = to change the order
Example:
제가 말을 할 순서예요 = It is my turn to speak
61
exam/test
시험
Common Usages:
시험을 보다 = to write an exam
시험을 망하다 = to do bad on a test (literally, to “mess up a test”)
Examples:
저는 내일 시험을 볼 거예요 = Tomorrow I will write an exam
시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test
시험을 잘 못 볼까 봐 걱정돼요 = I’m worried that I won’t do well on the exam
저는 어제 시험을 잘 못 봤어요 = I did poorly on the exam yesterday
학생들의 20퍼센트만 시험을 합격했어요 = Only 20 percent of the students passed the exam
학생들이 시험을 보는 동안 저는 그들을 감독했어요 = I supervised the students while they wrote an exam
저는 영어 문법을 열심히 공부했고 시험을 잘 봤어요 = I studied English grammar hard and then did well on the test
62
to stay
머무르다
Common Usages:
장소에 머무르다 = to stay at a place
Notes: 머무르다 can be used as 머물다, which is actually a shortened version of 머무르다.
머무르다 can be used any way and with any grammatical principle, but must be used in accordance with the 르 irregular. For example:
한국에서 온 교환학생이 우리 집에서 1년 동안 머물렀어요 = A Korean exchange student stayed at our house for a year
However, 머물다 cannot be used with all grammatical principles.
Any grammatical principle that starts with a consonant (and there is no option other than that one consonant), can be added to 머물다. For example:
머물다 + ~자 = 머물자 = okay
머물다 + ~고 = 머물고 = okay
머물다 + 겠다 = 머물겠다 = okay
머물다 + ~지 않다 = 머물지 않다 = okay
If a grammatical principle that is added to 머물다 is a vowel – and there is no other option other than a vowel – then that grammatical principle cannot be added to 머물다. The two most common grammatical principles where this occurs is when conjugating in the past or present tenses. For example:
머물다 + ~아/어(요) = 머물어요 – this is incorrect
머물다 + ~았/었어요 = 머물었어요 – this is incorrect
See Lesson 97 for more information.
Example: 우리는 10일 동안 부산에서 머물렀어요 = We stayed in Busan for 10 days
63
to come by walking
걸어오다
Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 오다
Example:
우리는 차가 없어서 집에 걸어왔어요 = We didn’t have a car so we walked home
64
to go by walking
걸어가다
Notes: Compound verb of 걷다 + 가다
Example:
전철역까지 걸어갈래요? = Shall we walk to the subway station?
65
to invite
초대하다
Examples:
친구 열 명을 저의 생일 파티에 초대했어요 = I invited ten people to my birthday party
저는 저의 친구를 파티에 초대하고 싶어요 = I want to invite my friend to the party
나는 너를 파티에 초대하고 싶지 않아 = I don’t want to invite you to the party
66
to welcome
환영하다
Example:
제 여자 친구는 저의 남동생을 반갑게 환영했어요 = My girlfriend happily welcomed my younger brother
67
to be warm
따뜻하다
```
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “따뜨타다”
Common Usages:
따뜻하게 = warmly
따뜻하게 입다 = to dress warmly
따뜻한 마음 = a warm heart
날씨가 따뜻하다 = for the weather to be warm
```
Examples:
날씨가 추워서 따뜻한 옷을 입었어요 = The weather is cold, so I put on warm clothes
그 사람의 마음은 따뜻해요 = That person has a warm heart
저는 따뜻한 날씨를 좋아해요 = I like warm weather
오늘 날씨는 어제보다 더 따뜻해요 = Today’s weather is warmer than yesterday
저는 따뜻한 옷을 입고 싶어요 = I want to wear (put on) warm clothes
오늘 너무 힘들어서 저는 따뜻한 목욕을 하고 싶어요 = Today was really difficult, so I want to take a warm bath
68
to be high
높다
Common Usages:
밀도가 높다 = to be dense (literally, for the density to be high)
Notes: To increase (or to heighten) something, the verb 높이다 can be used.
Examples:
애기는 높은 소파에서 떨어졌어요 = The baby fell from the high sofa
그 건물은 너무 높아요 = That building is very high
한국 집값은 일본 집값보다 훨씬 높아요 = The price of Korean houses is much higher than the price of Japanese houses
69
to be poor
가난하다
Common Usages:
가난한 사람 = poor person
가난한 동네 = poor neighborhood
Examples:
저는 매우 가난해요= I am very poor
그 동네에는 가난한 사람이 많아요 = There are many poor people in that neighborhood
70
to be low
낮다
Notes: To decrease (or to lower) something, the verb 낮추다 can be used.
Examples:
이 탁자가 너무 낮아요 = This table is too low
의자는 탁자보다 더 낮아요 = The chair is lower than the table
이 산은 높고 저 산은 낮아요 = This mountain is high, but that mountain is low
71
a counter for books/magazines/etc
권
Common Usages:
책 한 권 = one book
Example:
저는 1년에 책 열 권을 읽을 수 있어요 = I can read 10 books in one year
72
person’ – high respect form, also a high-respect counter for ‘people’
분
Notes: This is used instead of “사람” when the person deserves high respect. “분” is also used instead of “명” as a counter when the person deserves high respect.
Example: 그 분은 저의 선생님이에요 = That person is my teacher
선생님 몇 분 올 거예요? = How many teachers will come?
73
monkey
원숭이
Example:
대부분의 원숭이는 나무에서 살아요 = Most monkeys live in trees
너는 원숭이 같이 보여 = You look like a monkey
원숭이는 바나나를 많이 먹어요 = Monkeys eat bananas
74
subject in school
교과목
Examples:
캐나다 선생님들은 항상 두 개의 교과목을 가르쳐요 = Canadian teachers always teach two subjects
학생들은 교과목 두 개 중에 하나를 선택해야 해요 = Students must choose one out of the two subjects
75
textbook
교과서
Common Usages:
영어교과서 = English textbook
교과서로 공부하다 = to study using a textbook
Example:
학교는 학생들한테 교과서를 제공하지 않아요 = The school doesn’t provide textbooks to the students
76
rumor
소문
Common Usages
헛소문 = false rumor
소문을 내다 = to spread rumors
Notes: Often used with the ~는 것 conjugation of ~ㄴ/는다는 것. See Lesson 52 for more information.
Example:
그 여자의 남편이 비서랑 바람을 피운다는 소문이 있어요 = There is a rumor that that woman’s husband is having an affair with his secretary
저는 친구를 통해 소문을 들었어요 = I heard a rumor from my friend
77
charger
충전기
Common Usages:
핸드폰 충전기 = cell phone charger
Notes: 충전하다 means “to charge.”
Example:
충전기가 없어서 핸드폰 충전을 못 해요 = I can’t charge my phone because I don’t have the charger
78
bill
청구서
Common Usages:
청구서를 내다 = to pay a bill
전기요금청구서 = electricity bill
가스청구서 = gas bill
Example:
저는 은행에서 청구서를 냈어요 = I paid the bill at the bank
79
cashier
계산원
Notes: 계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate”
Example:
계산원들은 돈을 많이 벌지 않아요 = Cashiers don’t earn a lot of money
80
calculator
계산기
Notes: 계산하다 means “to pay” or “to calculate”
Example:
한국학생들은 수학문제를 계산기 없이 풀어요 = Korean students solve math problems without calculators
81
business trip
출장
Common Usages:
출장비 = business trip expense
출장을 가다 = to go on a business trip
Example:
부장님은 내일까지 출장을 갔어요 = The boss went on a business trip until tomorrow
82
rice cooker
밥솥
Common Usages:
밥솥에 밥을 짓다 = to make rice in a rice cooker
Example:
한국에서는 모든 집에 밥솥이 있어요 = All houses in Korea have a rice cooker
83
novel
소설
Common Usages:
소설가 = a novelist
단편소설 = short story novel
장편소설 = full length novel
Example:
어떤 소설을 읽고 있어요? Which novel are you reading?
소설가의 설명은 아주 섬세해요 = The novelist’s explanation is very delicate/sophisticated
84
encyclopedia
백과사전
Common Usages:
위키백과 = Wikipedia
백과사전에서 찾다 = to look up in an encyclopedia
Example:
저는 그 사실을 백과사전에 찾았어요 = I looked up that fact in an encyclopedia
85
major (in university)
전공
Common Usages:
부전공 = minor
경제를 전공하다 = to major in economics
외국어를 전공하다 = to major in foreign languages
Example:
대학생 때 저의 전공은 영어였어요 = In University, my major was English
86
scissors
가위
Common Usages:
가위로 자르다 = to cut with scissors
Example:
종이를 가위로 잘라요 = To cut paper with scissors
87
skin
피부
Common Usages:
피부색 = skin color (the color of skin)
피부색깔 = one’s skin color
Example:
그 여자의 피부가 너무 부드러워요 = That girl’s skin is very smooth
유럽 사람의 피부는 하얘요 = European people’s skin is white
88
army
군대
Common Usages:
군대에/를 가다 = to enter the military
군대를 파견하다 = to dispatch an army
군대를 지휘하다 = to command an army
Example:
저의 사촌은 군대에 갔어요 = My cousin went to the army
미국군대는 한국군대보다 더 커요 = The American military is bigger than the Korean military
89
shoulder
어깨
Common Usages:
어깨에 메다 = to put something on one’s shoulders
어깨를 주무르다 = to massage one’s shoulders
Example:
저는 가방을 어깨에 멨어요 = I put the bag on my shoulders
90
department store
백화점
Common Usages:
롯데 백화점 = Lotte Department Store
현대 백화점 = Hyundai Department Store
Example:
백화점에 옷이 너무 비싸요 = Clothes are too expensive in department stores
백화점에는 외부 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot outside the department store as well
91
air
공기
```
Common Usages:
공기가 맑다 = for the air to be clear
공기가 좋다 = for the air to be good
공기가 나쁘다 for the air to be bad
공기가 건조하다 = for the air to be dry
```
Example:
캐나다 공기는 아주 건조해요 = The air in Canada is very dry
공기가 나빠서 저는 숨을 못 쉬어요 = I can’t breathe because the air is bad
92
dawn
새벽
Common Usages:
새벽에 일어나다 = to wake up early
새벽 2 시에 = at 2:00 in the morning
Notes: The word 오전 generally refers to anything before noon, but 새벽 is used to refer to something that is really early in the morning. Typically, 새벽 refers to the time before the sun rises.
Example:
저는 매일 새벽 5시에 일어나요 = I wake up every day at 5 a.m.
93
inside part
내부
It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내(內) means “inside” and 외(外) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부(部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.”
Example:
스타벅스의 내부 분위기는 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere inside Starbucks is very comfortable
94
outside part
외부
It is easy to understand the meaning of 내부 and 외부 if you understand their simple Hanja origins. 내(內) means “inside” and 외(外) means “outside.” You don’t need to worry about the Chinese characters just yet, but knowing that 외 and 내 usually have these meanings can help you tremendously when learning new words. If you want to go further, 부(部) (as in, 내부 and 외부) means “part.” 내부 then means “the inside part/the inside”, and 외부 means “the outside part/the outside.”
Example:
백화점에는 외부 주차장도 있어요 = There is a parking lot outside the department store as well
이 쪽은 건물 외부로 나갈 수 있는 길이다 = This way/direction will take you outside (to the outer part of the) the building
95
to cut
자르다
Common Usages:
머리를 자르다 = to cut one’s hair
사람을 자르다 = to fire a person (literally “to cut a person”)
Example:
저는 어제 미용실에서 머리를 잘랐어요 = I got my hair cut in the beauty parlor yesterday
손톱을 왜 이렇게 짧게 잘랐어요? = Why did you cut your nails so short (like this)?
옆 집에서 사는 사람은 그 소나무를 잘랐을 것 같아요 = It seems like the person who lives in the house next door cut the pine tree
96
to ask, to request
요청하다
Common Usages:
도움을 요청하다 (to ask for help)
Example:
저는 선생님에게 숙제에 대한 설명을 요청했어요 = I asked the teacher for an explanation of the homework
97
to be wet
젖다
Example:
수영장에 들어간 후에 옷이 완전히 젖었어요 = My clothes are completely wet after going into the pool
빨래를 다 하고 젖은 옷을 줄에 걸었는데 빨래가 무거워서 줄이 바닥으로 늘어졌어요
= After doing the laundry, I hung the wet clothes on the line, but the laundry (clothes) were so heavy the line drooped to the floor
98
to be unfortunate
안타깝다
Common Usages:
안타까운 상황 = unfortunate situation
Examples:
엄마가 우리랑 같이 못 먹어서 안타까워요
= It’s too bad that your mom can’t eat with us
상황이 조금 안타깝지만 어쩔 수 없다
= The situation is unfortunate, but there is nothing we can do (about it)
너무 안타까워서 내일 그 왕따를 놀리지 말자
= Let’s not tease that outcast tomorrow because it is too sad/sorry (of a situation)
성공하기 위해 매일 애쓰는 사람들을 보면 대단하면서도 안타까워요
= When I see people struggling to try to succeed, it is amazing but also sad at the same time
99
mainly, mostly
주로
Notes: 주로 is an adverb that sounds a lot like an adjective in sentences. It is often put before nouns (like adjectives) to mean “mainly/mostly (noun).”
Example: 저의 친구는 주로 남자예요 = My friends are mostly men
저는 주로 과일과 야채를 먹어요 = I mainly eat fruits and vegetables
100
western food
양식
Example:
한국 사람들은 양식을 보통 안 먹어요 = Korean people usually don’t eat Western food
PLAY한식은 양식보다 더 매워 = Korean food is spicier than western food
101
height
키
Common Usages:
키가 크다 = to be tall
키가 작다 = to be short
Notes: 키 means “height” in Korean, but not the “height” of a building or some other object. It is only used when talking about the height of a person. “크다” means ‘big.’ The adjective for tall is 키가 크다, which just indicates that your height is big.
Example:
그 남자가 키가 너무 커요 = That man is very tall
저는 그보다 키가 더 커요 = I am taller than him
102
star
별
Common Usages:
별자리 = constellation
Example:
하늘에 별이 많아요 = There are many stars in the sky
103
attitude
태도
좋은 태도 = good attitude
나쁜 태도 = bad attitude
Example:
그 학생의 태도가 나빠요 = That student’s attitude is bad
104
pay cheque
월급
Common Usages:
월급을 받다 = to get paid, to receive pay cheque
월급(을 받는) 날 = the day one gets paid
월급이 오르다 = to get a raise
월급이 깎이다 = to get less money than before (a pay cut)
Example:
저는 매월 24일에 월급을 받아요 = I get paid every month on the 24th
105
downtown
도심
Example:
저의 여자친구는 안산 도심에서 살아요 = My girlfriend lives in the downtown of Ansan
저는 친구들과 도심에서 영화를 봤어요= I saw a movie with friends downtown
2호선은 서울 도심 주위를 돌아요 = Line 2 circles around the downtown of Seoul
106
downtown
시내
Example:
저는 보통 친구들과 시내에서 놀아요 = I usually play with (meet) my friends downtown
107
memory
추억
Common Usages:
추억을 쌓다 = to make memories (literally, “for memories to be piled up”)
추억을 만들다 = to make memories
Example:
저는 우리 엄마와 추억이 많아요 = I have a lot of memories with my mom
108
candidate
후보자
Example:
후보자들은 내일까지 와야 돼요 = Candidates have until tomorrow to come
그들은 많은 후보자들 중에서 저를 뽑았어요 = They chose me from many candidates
109
anniversary
주년
Notes: 주년is usually preceded by a number.
Example:
내일은 우리의 1주년이에요 = Tomorrow is our one year anniversary
우리 학교가 세워진 지 10주년이에요 = It is the 10th anniversary of our school opening
110
body position/posture
자세
Notes: When exercising, the Konglish word “폼” (form) is often used.
Example:
이 자세 맞아요? = Is this posture right/correct?
운동할 때 알맞은 자세로 해야 돼요 = When you exercise, you need to do so with the correct posture
111
usual
평소
Common Usages:
평소보다 = to be comparing something to the usual amount
평소처럼 = as usual
평소에 = usually
Example:
저는 평소보다 더 열심히 공부하고 있어요 = I am studying harder than usual
저는 오늘 평소처럼 공부해야 돼요 = I have to study today, as usual
현재 날씨는 평소보다 조금 추워요 = The present/recent weather is colder than normal
112
old love
옛사랑
Example:
그녀는 옛사랑이었어요 = She was an old love
113
old road/path
옛길
Example: 우리는 옛길을 따라 걸었어요 = We walked along, following the old road
114
to wash
씻다
Common Usages:
손을 씻다 = to wash one’s hands
Notes: When washing one’s hair, the verb “감다” must be used.
Example:
손을 잘 씻고 먹어요 = To wash one’s hands well, and then eat
손을 씻으세요! = Wash your hands!
115
to confirm, to check
확인하다
Example:
첨부파일을 확인하세요! = See/Check the attached file
시험을 끝내기 전에 답을 확인하세요 = Check your answers before finishing the test
그것을 확인해 봐!! = Try checking that
가격을 확인해보자 = Let’s check the price
116
to gather, to collect
모으다
Common Usages:
돈을 모으다 = to save money
우표를 모으다 = to collect stamps
Example:
그는 옛날 동전을 모아요 = He collects old coins
117
to collect
수집하다
The noun form of this word translates to “collection”
Example:
실험을 하기 전에 자료를 수집해요 = To collect data before doing an experiment
118
to be narrow
좁다
Notes: Korean people would use the word “좁다” in make cases where English people would use the word “small.” Especially if an apartment or room is small, Korean people would say “방이 좁다.” The direct English translation of “this room is narrow” is unnatural in English.
Example:
이 길이 너무 좁아서 저는 못 들어가요 = I can’t go onto this road because it is so narrow
저의 방은 너무 좁아요 = My room is too small/narrow
119
to be wide
넓다
Notes: 넓다 means “wide” but Korean people often say “넓다” when in English we would say “big.” Usually when they talk about how ‘big’ a room/house is, they will say that it is very “넓어.” In English, it would be awkward to say “This place is so wide!!”
Example:
우리 집은 매우 넓어요 = Our house is very big (wide)
그 차는 넓은 공간을 차지하고 있어요 = That car takes up a lot of room/space
120
to be special
특별하다
Example:
그 박물관은 특별해요 = That museum is special
그 식당은 특별하지 않아요 = That restaurant isn’t special
그 사람은 특별한 개성이 있어요 = That person has a special personality
121
to be lazy
게으르다
Example:
저의 남자 친구는 아주 게을러요 = My boyfriend is very lazy
저의 게으른 남동생은 하루 종일 아무것도 안 해요 = My lazy brother doesn’t do anything all day
122
to be comfortable
안락하다
Notes: Essentially the same meaning as “편하다,” but much less common. 안락하다 would be more related to abstract things like the mood of a place or one’s life, whereas 편하다 would be more related to physical things that you can feel (like a bed being comfortable)
Example:
스타벅스의 내부 분위기가 매우 안락해요 = The atmosphere inside Starbucks is very comfortable
123
many/various
여러
Common Usages:
여러 분 = many people (often used to refer to a group of people: 고객 여러 분!)
여러 번 = many/several times
여러 가지 = many types of
Notes: 여러 is an adverb that is placed before nouns to describe them
Examples:
저는 여러 가지의 단어를 배우고 싶어요 = I want to learn lots of different types of words
옛날에 그리스인들은 여러 가지의 신을 믿었어요 = A long time ago, Greek people believed in a variety of gods
124
master/owner/proprietor
주인
Common Usages:
집주인 = landlord
주인공 = the main character in a movie, story
Examples:
그 강아지의 주인은 누구예요? = Who is the owner of that dog?
그 주인은 손님들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the customers well
손님이 불행에 찬 눈으로 주인을 봤어요
= The customer looked at the owner with eyes “full of” unhappiness
경찰관은 강아지의 주인에게 십만 원의 벌금을 물었어요
= The police officers gave the owner of the dog a 100 000원 fine
125
mistake/fault
잘못
The pronunciation of this word is closer to “잘몯”
Notes: This word would normally be easy, however it is more difficult than it needs to be because 잘못 (without a space) and 잘 못 (with a space) have to different meanings. See Lesson 20 for more information.
126
temperature
기온
Common Usages:
최고기온 = the highest temperature
최저기온 = the lowest temperature
Notes: This is used for the temperature of the weather.
Example:
내일 최고기온은 10도예요 = Tomorrow the high temperature is 10 degrees
지구 기온이 점점 오르면서 한국에서 사계절이 사라진대요 = As the global temperatures gradually increase, they say that the “four seasons” in Korea is disappearing
127
mirror
거울
Example:
여자는 자기의 모습을 거울에서 봤어요 = She looked at herself in the mirror
제 모습을 거울에서 보는 중이에요 = I’m looking at myself (my appearance) in the mirror
집주인이 부서진 거울을 찾아낼까 봐 걱정돼요
= I’m worried that the landlord will find the shattered mirror
뒤에 있는 차가 저의 시야에 있게 거울을 조금 움직였어요
= I moved the mirror a little bit so that the cars behind me would be in my field of vision
128
powder
가루
Common Usages:
밀가루 = flour
꽃가루 = pollen
고춧가루 = hot pepper powder
Examples:
케이크 반죽에 밀가루를 넣으세요 = Put some flour into the cake batter, please
봄에는 꽃가루 알레르기를 조심해 야 해요
= You need to be careful about pollen allergies in the spring
한국의 주식이 쌀이에요. 그래서 밀가루보다는 쌀로 만든 음식이 더 많아요
= The staple food of Korea is rice. Therefore, there are more foods made from rice than flour
129
muscle
근육
Common Usages:
근육질이다 = to be muscular
근육통 = muscle pain
근육을 키우다 = to build muscles
Examples:
목에는 근육이 많아요 = There are many muscles in your neck
남자는 자기 근육을 여자들에게 드러냈어요 = The man revealed his muscles to the girls
허벅지 근육은 균형을 유지하는 데 중요한 역할을 해요
= The muscles of your inner-thigh play an important role in maintaining one’s balance
130
darkness
어둠
Common Usages:
어둠이 무섭다 = to be afraid of the dark
Notes: This is the noun form of 어둡다 (dark)
Examples:
부부는 어둠으로 사라졌어요 = The couple disappeared into the darkness
저의 돈을 훔치고 범죄자들은 어둠으로 사라졌어요 = The criminals disappeared into the darkness after stealing my money
131
basic/basics
기본
Common Usages:
기본요금 = basic fare
기본적으로 = basically
Example: 그 학생은 물리의 기본도 이해하지 못해요 = That student doesn’t even understand basic physics
무역회사에서 일하고 싶으면 기본적으로 영어를 할 줄 알아야 해요 = If you want to work at a trade company, you need to know how to speak basic English (at a basic level)
132
accident
사고
Common Usages:
교통사고 = car/traffic accident
사고가 나다 = for an accident to happen
Examples:
집에 가는 동안 사고를 당했어요 = I got into an accident on my way home
한국 정부는 교통사고를 방지하려고 노력하고 있어요
= The Korean government is trying to prevent traffic accidents
사고가 났음에도 불구하고 경기가 계속되었어요
= The game/match continued despite the accident that arose
사고가 났지만 저의 아버지가 많이 다치지 않았다니 다행이에요
= Even though there was an accident, I am thankful to hear that my dad wasn’t that hurt
133
traffic
교통
```
Common Usages
교통사고 = car/traffic accident
교통카드 = bus card
대중교통 = mass transportation
교통혼잡 = traffic jam/congestion
```
Examples:
교통카드가 있었나요? = Did you have your bus (transportation) card?
휘발유가 비쌀수록 교통비가 비싸져요
= The more expensive gasoline is, the more expensive transportation costs will be
교통사고에서 사람 다섯 명은 부상을 당했어요
= Five people were injured in the traffic accident
사람이 너무 많아서 서울에서는 교통혼잡이 심해요
= The traffic jams in Seoul are severe because there are too many people
교통혼잡 때문에 약 한 시간 정도 더 걸릴 것 같아요
= Because of the traffic jam, it will probably take about another hour
PLAY이상 = a noun to indicate that something is more than something else
134
a noun to indicate that something is more than something else
이상
Notes: It is hard to imagine this being a noun based on the translation about, but grammatically it is a noun. By putting 이상 after something, it can have the meaning of “more than.” For example:
열여덟 살 이상 = over 18 years of age
두 명 이상 = more than two people
이 년 이상 = more than two years
그 가게에 18세 이상만 들어가도 돼요 = Only people older than 18 years can enter that store
It is common to use “더 이상” to indicate that one will not do something “anymore.” For example:
저는 이 영화를 더 이상 보고 싶지 않아요 = I don’t want to watch this movie anymore
135
to treat somebody
대우하다
Notes: 대하다 is a common word with a similar meaning
```
Common Usages:
친절하게 대우하다 = to treat nicely
함부로 대우하다 = to treat badly
동등하게 대우하다 = to treat evenly
공평하게 대우하다 = to treat fairly
```
Examples:
그 주인은 손님들을 잘 대우해요 = That owner treats the customers well
저는 저의 여자 친구를 공주처럼 대우해요 = I treat my girlfriend like a princess
아이들을 성별에 따라 대우하는 것이 좋지 않아요 = It’s not good to treat children based on their gender
136
to retire
퇴직하다
Common Usages:
퇴직금 = severance pay (you get this when you leave a company, not when you retire. Usually, each year a person works at a company, they will accrue money into their 퇴직금. Whenever they leave, they can get it all in a lump sum).
명예퇴직 = “retiring with honor” (usually used when somebody retires before the regular retiring age. The opposite of this [to retire at the regular retiring age] is정년퇴직)
Examples:
사람들은 보통 65살이 되면 퇴직해요 = People usually retire when they are 65 years old
그 선생님은 지금 그만두거나 퇴직을 할 수 있어요 = That teacher could quit or retire now
퇴직하자마자 연금을 받을 수 있습니다 = As soon as you retire, you can receive your pension
137
to receive (an application)
접수하다
Common Usages:
접수 마감일 = the final date to receive something
Notes: 접수하다 is a weird word. It technically means “to receive,” but it usually used when the subject is giving something. It doesn’t make much sense, but that is how it is used.
Example:
저는 서울대학교에 원서를 접수했어요 = This should translate to “I gave my application to Seoul University” or “I applied to Seoul University,” but it also technically means “Seoul University received my application. This word is not said very often. You will see it written more commonly than you will hear it spoken.
138
to chew
씹다
Common Usages:
음식을 씹다 = to chew food
꼭꼭 씹다 = to chew thoroughly
Example:
수업 시간 동안 껌을 씹지 마세요 = Don’t chew gum during the class
139
to interpret
통역하다
Common Usages:
통역사 = interpreter
Example:
저는 한국어를 못해서 통역사가 필요해요 = I need an interpreter because I can’t speak Korean
140
to translate
번역하다
Common Usage:
직접 번역하다 = to translate directly
Examples:
그 영화가 일본어로도 번역되었다 = That movie was also translated to Japanese
학생들은 그 이야기를 한국어에서 영어로 번역할 거예요 = The students will translate that conversation (or story) from Korean to English
141
to stir
젓다
Common Usages:
커피를 젓다 = stir coffee
Example:
저는 반죽을 딱딱할 때까지 저었어요 = I stirred the batter until it was hard
142
to gain, to improve, to increase
늘리다
실력을 늘리다 = improve one skills
길이를 늘리다 = increase the length
… 수를 늘리다 = increase the number of something
… 시간을 늘리다 = increase the time of something
Examples:
저의 친구는 한국어 실력을 늘렸어요 = My friend increased his Korean skills
우리 사업규모를 내년에 늘릴 계획이 있어요
= We have plans to increase the scale of our business next year
1년에 재해방지훈련을 하는 횟수를 두 번에서 네 번으로 늘릴까 해요
= I am thinking about raising the number of times we do disaster prevention training per year from two times to four times
한국어실력을 늘리고 싶으면 선생님이 한국 사람들이랑 의사소통을 많이 하라고 그랬어요
= If I want to expand my Korean language ability, my teacher told me to communicate a lot with Korean people
143
to fall into
빠지다
Common Usages:
늪에 빠지다 = an idiom for being stuck in something (literally, “to fall into a swamp”)
사랑에 빠지다 = to fall in love
Example:
열심히 운동하고 지금 힘이 빠졌어요 = After exercising, I now have no energy (my energy has all fallen out)
144
to escape, to come out of
빠져나오다
Notes: This is a compound word with the meanings of 빠지다 and 나오다 combined.
Example:
회사장은 많은 시위자들로부터 드디어 빠져나왔어요 = The CEO finally escaped (came out of) the crowd of protestors
145
to escape, to go out of
빠져나가다
Notes: This is a compound word with the meanings of 빠지다 and 나가다 combined.
Example:
군인들은 적의 덫에서 못 빠져나갔어요 = The soldiers could not escape the enemy’s trap
146
to be confused
헷갈리다
Notes: Learners sometimes this that 헷갈리다 is an adjective that describes something as “confusing.” However, 헷갈리다 is a verb which describes the mental struggle that goes on in one’s head when confused (often when having to remember or choose from multiple choices).
Example:
이 문제 답이 A인지 B인지 헷갈려요 = I’m confused if the answer to this question is A or B
나는 엄마의 핸드폰 번호가 맨날 헷갈려요 = I’m confused every day (always) of my mother’s cell phone number
이 음식에 소금을 넣는 건지 설탕을 넣는 건지 헷갈려요 = I’m confused if I put salt or sugar in this food
147
to be gained, improved, increased
늘다
늘다 follows the ㄹ irregular
Notes: This is the passive form of the active verb “늘리다”
Examples:
저의 친구의 한국어 실력이 많이 늘었다 = My friend’s Korean (skills) really increased/got better
저의 친구는 한국어 실력을 늘렸다 = My friend increased his Korean skills
148
to be round, to be spherical
둥글다
Example:
미식축구공은 둥글지 않아요 = The American football ball isn’t round
149
to be dark
어둡다
Example:
교실이 너무 어두워서 학생들은 칠판을 볼 수 없어요 = The students can’t see the board because the classroom is too dark
지금 점점 어두워지고 있어서 우리는 산에서 내려가야 돼요 = We need to go down the mountain, because it is gradually getting darker
150
of course
물론
Often used as an adverb, for example:
물론 와도 돼요! = Of course you can come!
It can also be used as a noun (predicated with 이다). For example:
돈을 줄 것은 물론이죠 = Of course I will give you the money
