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PB Biology💜 > Vocab: Unit 2 > Flashcards

Vocab: Unit 2 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ecology

A

The study of how living things interact with each other and their environment.

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2
Q

Biosphere

A

All the area on Earth inhabited by living organisms.

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3
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of organisms and their abiotic environment.

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4
Q

Biotic

A

Living factors

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5
Q

Abiotic

A

Nonliving factors

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6
Q

Habitat

A

The place where an organism usually lives.

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7
Q

Niche

A

All of the physical, chemical, and biological factors necessary for a species to stay alive and healthy and reproduce.

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8
Q

Food chain

A

Energy transfer through organisms’ feeding patterns.

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9
Q

Producer

A

Makes its own food

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10
Q

Consumer

A

Finds its own food

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11
Q

Decomposer

A

Breaks down organic matter from dead organisms.`

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12
Q

Detrivore

A

Eats dead organic matter.

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13
Q

Herbivore

A

Eats plants

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14
Q

Carnivore

A

Eats animals

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15
Q

Omnivore

A

Eats both plants and animals

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16
Q

Trophic level

A

A step in the food chain/pyramid

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17
Q

Food web

A

A diagram showing the feeding relationships/different food chains of organisms in an ecosystem.

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18
Q

Pyramid of energy

A

A triangular diagram showing the loss of energy in an ecosystem.

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19
Q

Pyramid of numbers

A

Diagram displaying the population at each trophic level

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20
Q

Symbiosis

A

Organisms living together in close association

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21
Q

Mutualism

A

Symbiosis in which both organisms benefit.

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22
Q

Commensalism

A

Symbiosis in which one organism benefits and the other is barely affected.

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23
Q

Parasitism

A

Symbiosis in which there is a host and a parasite. The parasite benefits, but the host is harmed.

24
Q

Water cycle

A

The pathway of water from the atmosphere to Earth’s surface, below ground, and back again.

25
Q

Evaporation

A

Water turning from liquid to vapor because of sunlight, then rising up into the atmosphere.

26
Q

Condensation

A

Water vapor growing heavy as it cools, forming clouds.

27
Q

Precipitation

A

Any form of water (rain, snow, etc.) falling from the atmosphere (from clouds) onto earth.

28
Q

Transpiration

A

Plants giving off water vapor from pores in their leaves.

29
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Plants using sunlight to make their food.

Sunlight+CO2—>O2+sugar/glucose for plant.

30
Q

Cellular Respiration

A

Process cells use to convert sugar into energy.
Plant: plant sugar+O2—>CO2+plant cellular energy
Animal: animal stored sugar+O2—>CO2+animal cellular energy

31
Q

Carbon/CO2/O2 cycle

A

Carbon traveling from atmosphere, to organisms/earth, and back to the atmosphere. Plants take in CO2, animals eat plants and give off CO2.

32
Q

Nitrogen cycle

A

Nitrogen cycling through environment by passing from air to soil to organisms and back to air, mainly involving nitrogen fixation, nitrification, decay, and dentrification.

33
Q

Nitrogen fixation

A

Step 1. Carried out by legumes. Process converting gaseous nitrogen into ammonia, from which organisms make amino acids and other nitrogen-containing organic molecules.

34
Q

Dentrification

A

Bacteria using nitrate for oxygen, releasing nitrogen gas into the atmosphere as waste.

35
Q

Ecological succession

A

The predictable process of one community replacing another over a long period of time.

36
Q

Carrying capacity

A

The largest number of organisms an environment can support at any given time

37
Q

Steady state

A

The amount of births and deaths of a population is equal; population stays the same.

38
Q

Biodiversity

A

The number of different species in an area

39
Q

Population

A

The total number of individuals occupying an area

40
Q

Invasive species

A

A nonnative type of organism that takes over an ecosystem, usually with no natural predators.

41
Q

Eutrophication

A

The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in poop/fertilizer/nutrients that stimulates the growth of aquatic plant life (algae) usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen

42
Q

Ozone (O3)

A

The layer of the atmosphere that shields earth from most of the sun’s harmful UV rays. The problem: It has a hole.

43
Q

Acid rain

A

Any form of precipitation (rain, snow, sleet, dust, etc.) that contains acid/low pH level.

44
Q

Sustainability

A

How long an environment can support its organisms/how biological systems remain diverse and productive over time.

45
Q

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)

A

Gases that were once commonly used in various products (such as aerosols) but now are believed to cause damage to the ozone

46
Q

Thermal pollution

A

The harmful release of heated liquid into a body of water (nuclear power plant by Columbia River) resulting in depleted D.O.

47
Q

Exponential growth

A

Growth in which numbers increase by a certain factor in each successive time period; logarithmic growth.

48
Q

Logistic growth

A

Population growth that starts with a minimum number of individuals and reaches the maximum depending on the region’s carrying capacity. S-shaped graph.

49
Q

Greenhouse effect/Global warming

A

When earth’s surface and lower atmosphere warm up due to gases in the air absorbing and reradiating infrared radiation.

50
Q

Biological magnification/biomagnification

A

Condition of toxic substances being more concentrated in tissues of organisms higher on the food chain than the organisms lower on the food chain.

51
Q

Temperature inversion

A

This occurs in the troposphere when a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer air. (Under normal conditions air temperature usually decreases with height.) It can trap pollutants like smog close to the surface.

52
Q

Lag phase

A

When bacteria adapt themselves to growth conditions. It is the period where the individual bacteria are maturing and not yet able to divide.

53
Q

Growth/log phase

A

A time of exponential growth of the bacteria population.

54
Q

Household hazardous waste

A

Cleaning agents, car products, paint, gardening products, etc.

55
Q

Wastewater treatment

A

How we clean sewage.

56
Q

Hunger

A

World hunger/starvation: Try eating lower on the food chain.

PB Biology💜 (40 decks)

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