Organic Molecules Flashcards
Atoms making up carbohydrates
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Atoms making up lipids
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen.
Atoms making up proteins
CHONS. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur.
Atoms making up nucleic acids
CHOPN. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen.
Building blocks of carbohydrates
Saccharides. Mono-1, di-2, poly-3+.
Examples of monosaccharides
Ribose from DNA and RNA. Glucose.
Examples of disaccharides
Table sugar.
Examples of polysaccharides
Starch from plants, glycogen from liver and muscle cells of animals, chitlin from fungi and arthropod exoskeletons, and cellulose from plant cell walls.
Building blocks of lipids
Fatty acids.
Building blocks of proteins
Amino acids (connected by a peptide bond).
Proteins are typically the…individual molecule.
Largest (at least of the four).
Building blocks of nucleic acids
Nucleotides.
Functions of carbohydrates
Can be broken down to make short-term chemical energy for cells. Primary source of energy. Major part of building material in cells and in plant cell structure.
Functions of lipids
Long-term source of chemical energy for cells, phosoholipids are a part of cell membrane structure, insulation, protection, steroids for hormones.
Functions of proteins
Movement, eyesight, digestion, builds structure (muscles, hair, bones. Helps make hormones from insulin and enzymes.
