Cellular Energy Vocab- Unit 5 Flashcards
Autotroph
Makes its own food.
Heterotroph
Finds its food.
ATP
A unit of cellular energy that is made of three phosphates.
Glycolysis
The first step in cellular respiration that occurs in the cytosol and converts glucose into pyruvate and ATP.
Anaerobic respiration
Respiration without oxygen. After glycolysis, either homolactic fermentation or alcohol fermentation occurs without needing oxygen.
Alcoholic fermentation
Yeast gives off CO2 as it ferments substances and produces alcohol (waste). The pyruvate from glycolysis becomes alcohol and CO2.
Lactic acid fermentation
Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted into lactic acid without producing more ATP.
Link reaction
The first step in aerobic respiration that converts pyruvate into acetyl CoA and produces NADH.
Krebs cycle
Acetyl CoA (2-C) combines with a 4-C molecule. It then loses carbon dioxide to eventually become the 4-C compound again. This cycle also produces NADH, ATP, and FADH2.
Electron transport chain
Electrons move across the mitochondrial matrix to produce enough electricity to stick a phosphate onto ADP to make ATP. 32-33 ATP produced.
Photosynthesis
Plants using light energy from the sun, water, and CO2 to make O2, H2O, and glucose, which is stored to be broken down for energy later.
Photons
A unit of light energy that can be absorbed by plant pigments.
Light dependent reaction
The first step of photosynthesis. The electrons in the chlorophyll absorb photon energy and are excited to higher energy levels. As they return to normal (ground state), the energy is used to connect a phosphate to ADP to make ATP. This energy also splits water: H2O—> H + O2. The O2 is released.
Light independent reaction/Calvin cycle
The ATP made in the light dependent reaction makes the hydrogen that was made when the water split combine with CO2 to make glucose (C6H12O6).
