Vocab List One Flashcards
1
Q
the front surface of the body
A
Anterior
2
Q
regarding anatomical position: situated remote from the surface
A
Deep
3
Q
pertaining to the back surface of the body
A
Dorsal
4
Q
stretching, or moving jointed parts into or toward a straight condition.
A
Extension
5
Q
situated outside
A
External
6
Q
bending, or moving jointed parts into or toward a straight condition.
A
flexion
7
Q
Regarding anatomical position: situated below
A
inferior
8
Q
Regarding anatomical position: situated inside
A
internal
9
Q
situated away from the body’s midline
A
lateral
10
Q
lying horizontal on the left side.
A
left lateral recumbent
11
Q
situated toward the body’s midline.
A
Medial
12
Q
away from a central structure
A
peripheral
13
Q
pertaining to the back surface of the body
A
posterior
14
Q
lying horizontal, face down and flat
A
prone
15
Q
situated nearest the point of origin
A
proximal
16
Q
a drawing back, as the tongue.
A
retraction
17
Q
situated near the surface
A
superficial
18
Q
situated above
A
superior
19
Q
lying horizontal, flat not he back and face up
A
supine
20
Q
Brady-
A
slow
21
Q
bradycardia
A
an abnormally slow heart rate
22
Q
Cardio-
A
heart
23
Q
cardiogenic
A
origination in the heart
24
Q
Contra-
A
against, opposite
25
contraindicated
inadvisable
26
Inter-
between
27
intercostal
between two ribs
28
Intra-
within
29
introral
within the mouth
30
Naso-
nose
31
oronasal
pertaining to the nose and mouth
32
-pnea
breath, breahting
33
orthopnea
difficult breathing except in an upright position.
34
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
35
Super-
above, excess
36
superficial
lying on or near the surface
37
Supra-
Above, over
38
suprapubic
situated above the pubic arch.
39
Tachy-
fast
40
tachycardia
a very fast heart rate
41
A-
without, lacking, deficient
42
afebrile
without fever
43
BI-
two, twice, double, both
44
bilateral
pertaining to two sides
45
DYS-
bad, difficult, abnormal, incomplete.
46
dyspnea
labored breathing
47
Hem/a, Hem/o, Hemat/o
blood
48
hematomat
a localized collection of blood
49
Or/O
mouth
50
oral
pertaining to the mouth
51
any blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
artery
52
auscultation
listening
53
AVPU what is the acronym stand for and what does it classify?
alert, verbal response, painful response, unresponsive.
Classifies a patient's level of responsiveness.
54
The force of blood against the walls of the blood vessels?
blood pressure.
55
Artery of the upper arm.
brachial artery
56
a thin-walled, microscopic blood vessel where oxygen/carbon dioxide and nutrient/waste exchange with the body's cells takes place.
capillary
57
the pulse felt along the large artery on either side of the neck.
carotid pulse
58
specific signs of circumstances under which it is not appropriate and may be harmful to administer a particular drug to a patient.
contraindications
59
a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body.
cyanosis
60
the pressure remaining in the arteries when the heart is relaxed and refilling.
diastolic blood pressure.
61
a condition of being stretched, inflated, or larger than normal.
distention
62
shortness of breath; labored or difficult breathing.
dyspnea
63
specific signs of circumstances under which it is appropriate to administer a drug to a patient.
indications
64
touching or feeling. Apulse or blood pressure may be palpated with the fingertips.
palpation
65
the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
perfusion
66
the vessels that carry blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries.
67
the rhythmic beats felt as the heart pumps blood through the arteries.
pulse
68
inadequate perfusion of the cells and tissues of the body caused by insufficient flow of blood through the capillaries.
shock
69
an indication of a patient's condition that is objective, or can be observed by another person; an indication that can be seen, heard, smelled, or felt by the EMT-B or others.
sign
70
the breastbone
sternum
71
the pressure created when the heart contracts and forces blood out into the arteries
systolic blood pressure
72
the "windpipe"; the structure that connects the pharynx to the l lungs.
trachea
73
a position in which the patient's feet and legs are higher than the head
Trendelenburg position
74
the breathing in of air or oxygen or providing breaths artificially.
ventilation
75
the inferior portion of the sternum
xiphoid process
76
A scratch or a scrape
Abrasion
77
The microscopic sacs of the lungs where gas exchange with the
bloodstream takes place.
Alveoli
78
The largest artery in the body
Aorta
79
Absence of breathing
Apnea
80
when the heart stops producing electrical impulses.
Asystole
81
the two upper chambers of the heart
Atria
82
a slow heart rate: any pulse below 60 beats per min(bpm)
bradycardia
83
the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid (csf)
84
an internal injury with no open pathway from the outside
closed wound
85
to get smaller
constrict
86
blood vessels that supply the muscle of the heart
coronary arteries
87
the grating sound or feeling of broken bones rubbing together: also called crepitus.
Crepitation
88
the muscular structure that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity.
Diaphragm
89
to get larger
dialte
90
swelling resulting from the buildup of fluid in the tissues
Edema
91
the outer layer of skin
epidermis
92
the leaf-shaped structure that prevents food and foreign matter from entering the trachea
epiglottis
93
the breaking of a bone
fracture
94
swelling cause by the collection of blood under the skin
hematoma
95
an insufficiency of oxygen int he body's tissues (cells)
hypoxia
96
laceration
a cut
97
open wound
an injury in which the skin is interrupted exposing the tissue beneath
98
movement of a part of the chest in the opposite direction of the rest of the chest during respirations.
paradoxical motion
99
the black center of the eye
pupil
100
hypoperfusion
shock
101
the stretching or tearing of ligaments
sprain
102
a rapid heart rate; any pulse rate over 100 bpm?
tachycardia
103
the windpipe; the structure that connects the pharynx to the lungs.
trachea
104
any blood vessel returning blood to the heart
vein
105
the two lower chambers of the heart
ventricles.
106
bleeding from an artery, which is characterized by bright red blood and is rapid, profuse, and difficult to control.
Arterial bleeding
107
the major artery of the upper arm.
brachial artery
108
bleeding from capillaries, which is characterized by a slow, oozing flow of blood.
capillary bleeding
109
shock, or lack of perfusion, brought on not by blood loss, but by inadequate pumping action of the heart. It is often the result of a heart attack or congestive
heart failure.
cardiogenic shock
110
when the patient is developing shock but the body is still able to
maintain perfusion.
compensated shock
111
occurs when the body can no longer compensate for low blood
volume or lack of perfusion. Late signs such as decreasing blood pressure become evident.
Decompensated shock
112
the major artery supplying the thigh.
femoral artery
113
refers to the optimum limit of one hour between time of injury and surgery at the hospital.
golden hour
114
bleeding, especially severe bleeding.
hemorrhage
115
shock resulting from blood loss
hemorrhagic shock
116
inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to the body’s cells to
supply them with oxygen and nutrients.
Hypoperfusion
117
shock resulting from blood or fluid loss.
hypovolemic shock
118
when the body has lost the battle to maintain perfusion to vital organs.
Even if adequate vital signs return, the patient may die days later due to organ failure.
Irreversible Shock
119
hypoperfusion due to nerve paralysis (sometimes caused by spinal cord
injuries) resulting in the dilation of blood vessels that increases the volume of the circulatory
system beyond the point where it can be filled.
Neurogenic shock
120
the supply of oxygen to and removal of wastes from the cells and tissues of the
body as a result of the flow of blood through the capillaries.
Perfusion
121
refers to an optimum limit of ten minutes at the scene with a serious
trauma patient.
Platinum Ten Minutes
122
a bulky dressing held in position with a tightly wrapped bandage to apply
pressure to help control bleeding.
pressure dressing
123
a site where a main artery lies near the surface of the body and directly over a
bone. Pressure on such a point can stop distal bleeding.
pressure point
124
also know as hypoperfusion. The inability of the body to adequately circulate blood to
the body’s cells to supply them with oxygen and nutrients. A life-threatening condition.
shock
125
a device used for bleeding control that constricts all blood flow to and from an
extremity.
tourniquet
126
bleeding from a vein, which is characterized by dark red or maroon blood
and as a steady flow, easy to control.
venous bleeding
127
gas bubble in the bloodstream.
air embolism
128
an exaggerated immune response
allergic reaction
129
the dilation, or ballooning, of a weakened section of the wall of an artery.
aneurysm
130
pain in the chest, occurring when blood supply to the heart is reduced and a portion of the heart muscle is not receding enough oxygen.
angina pectoris
131
a condition in which artery walls become hard and stiff due to calcium deposits.
arteriosclerosis
132
the ability of the heart to generate and conduct electrical impulses on its own
automaticity.
133
the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions
autonomic nervous system
134
a system of specialized muscle tissues that conduct
electrical impulses that stimulate the heart to beat.
cardiac conduction system
135
the brain and spinal cord
central nervous system (CNS)
136
the fluid that surrounds the brain and spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
137
mild closed head injury without detectable damage to the brain.
Complete recovery is usually expected.
concussion
138
the failure of the heart to pump efficiently,
leading to excessive blood or fluids in the lungs, the body, or both.
congestive heart failure (CHF)
139
a bruise; in brain injuries, a bruised brain caused when the force of a
blow to the head is great enough to rupture blood vessels.
Contusion
140
an intestine or other internal organ protruding through a wound in
the abdomen.
Evisceration
141
high blood sugar.
hyperglycemia
142
low blood sugar.
hypoglycemia
143
a hormone produced by the pancreas or taken as medication by many diabetics
insulin
144
bulging of the neck veins
jugular vein distention (JVD)
145
a medication that dilates the blood vessels.
nitroglycerin
146
accumulation of fluid in the feet or ankles
pedal edema
147
What are the three planes of the body?
Coronal (frontal) plane.
Sagittal (longitudinal) plane.
Transverse (axial) plane.
148
Separates the front (anterior) and back (posterior) of the body.
Coronal (frontal) plane
149
separates the left and right sides of the body.
Sagittal (longitudinal) plane
150
separates the upper (superior) and lower (inferior) halves of the body.
Transverse (axial) plane
151
What is the soft, semi flexible material that is found within joints?
Cartilage.
152
There are more than _______ muscles in the musculoskeletal system.
A. 200
B. 400
C. 600
D. 800
C. 600
153
A device that provides a firm surface under the patient's torso.
CPR board
154
The killing of pathogenic agents by direct application of chemicals.
disinfection
155
a portable kit containing items that are used in the initial care of the patient.
jump kit
156
A process, such as heating, that removes microbial contamination
sterilization.
157
Febrile Seizures?
Seizures caused by fever alone.
158
Sepsis?
A life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection.
159
Mallory-Weiss tear?
A tear in the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, causing sever bleeding and potentially death.
160
Hypocapnia?
A reduced level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
161
Pleurisy?
Inflammation of the pleura (lining of the lung cavity)
162
Agonal breathing?
abnormal breathing pattern characterized by labored and gasping breaths.
163
Cyanosis?
Bluish or purplish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane.
164
What causes cyanosis?
hypoxemia (low oxygen in the blood)
165
Peripheral Vasodilation?
Refers to the widening of blood vessels in the extremities, which may cause redness or warmth.
166
Venous vasoconstriction?
The narrowing of veins.
167
After performing a primary assessment, a rapid exam of the body should be performed to:
A) determine the need for spinal motion restriction precautions.
B) identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment.
C) look specifically for signs and symptoms of inadequate perfusion.
D) find and treat injuries or conditions that do not pose a threat to life.
B) identify less-obvious injuries that require immediate treatment
168
Capnography is used to:
Determine how much carbon dioxide is being exhaled.
169
What are the Glasgow Coma Scale points? What is the highest and lowest score?
Eyes = 4
Verbal = 5
Motor = 6
Highest = 15
Lowest = 3
170
A patient with profuse sweating is referred to as being:
diaphoretic
171
What does SAMPLE history stand for?
S: Signs and Symptoms (e.g., “I have chest pain”)
A: Allergies (e.g., “I am allergic to penicillin”)
M: Medications (e.g., “I take blood pressure medicine”)
P: Past medical history (e.g., “I was in the hospital a week ago”)
L: Last oral intake (e.g., “I had breakfast this morning”)
E: Events leading up to the incident (e.g., “I was mowing the lawn when the pain began”)
172
what does AVPU stand for? and what is it used to assess?
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive.
Used to assess and document a patient's level of consciousness.
173
what is DCAP-BTLS? What does it assess?
D: Deformities – Any irregularities in the structure of bones or joints.
C: Contusions – Bruises or areas of bleeding under the skin.
A: Abrasions – Scrapes or superficial wounds to the skin.
P: Punctures/Penetrations – Holes or injuries caused by objects breaking through the skin.
B: Burns – Injuries caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, or radiation.
T: Tenderness – Pain or discomfort when the area is touched.
L: Lacerations – Cuts or tears in the skin.
S: Swelling – Enlarged areas often due to fluid accumulation or inflammation.
Used to assess a patient for Trauma
174
What is Blunt Trauma?
A non-penetrating force that causes damage or impacts the body
175
What is penetrating Trauma?
When an object pierces the skin and enters the body, creating an open wound.
176
What is Stridor?
a high-pitched, wheezing sound caused by disrupted airflow.
177
What does inspiratory stridor indicate?
An issue in the upper airway.
178
What does expiratory stridor indicate?
An issue in the lower airway.
179
When assessing the skin, which three components should you evaluate?
Color.
Temperature.
Moisture.
180
What is diaphoresis?
Excessive sweating.
181
Erythema?
redness in skin
182
Cyanosis?
Bluish color skin
183
Pallor?
Paleness in skin
184
Jaundice?
yellow skin
185
Normal capillary refill is within...
2 seconds
186
The method of listening to sounds with a stethoscope is called __________.
Auscultation
187
APGAR? what is it used for?
A = appearance
P = pulse
G = grimace (irratibility)
A = activity (muscle tone)
R = respirations
Used to assess a new born at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth.
188
anitplatelet medication that inhibits clotting, should be witheld in cases of bleeding disorders or allergies to NSAIDs.
Aspirin
189
What is the normal BP range?
Under 120 systolic
Under 80 diastolic
190
Elevated blood pressure reading?
120-129 systolic
less than 80 diastolic
191
Stage 1 hypertension BP reading?
130 to 139 systolic
OR
80 to 89 diastolic
192
Stage 2 hypertension BP reading?
140 or higher systolic
OR
90 or higher diastolic
193
Hypertension crisis BP reading?
Over 180 systolic
OR
over 120 diastolic
194
Cardiogenic shock occurs when...
the heart is unable to pump enough blood to the organs due to damage to the heart muscle, usually from a severe heart attack
195
Diaphoretic?
sweating heavily
196
Angina?
Chest pain or discomfort that occurs when your heart doesn't get enough blood and oxygen. It's a symptom of CAD.
197
The chamber of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body.
Left Ventricle
198
The chamber of the heart that receives oxygenated blood.
Left Atrium
199
The chamber of the heart that pumps out deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation.
Right ventricle
200
The chamber of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood.
Right Atrium
201
A condition where the heart's chambers become stretched and weakened, losing their ability to contract properly.
Dilated cardiomyopathy
202
Hypotension reading?
BP below 90/60
203
What is Albuterol used to treat?
respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD.
204
which medication is used to treat respiratory conditions such as asthma or COPD.
Albuterol
205
What is used to treat anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine
206
Epinephrine is used to primarily treat what condition?
Anaphylaxis
207
What is Naloxone used to treat?
opioid overdose
208
What medication is used to treat an opioid overdose?
Naloxone
209
When the weight of the gravid uterus compresses the inferior vena cava reducing blood flow to the heart, common in pregnant patients.
Supine hypotensive syndrome.
210
hypervolemia?
too much fluid in the blood.
211
hematemesis?
bloody vomit.
212
hematochezia?
bloody stools.
213
gastroenteritis?
inflammation of the stomach and intestines.
214
Cholecystitis?
inflammation of the gallbladder.
215
ABCDE?
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
216
Inspiratory Capacity?
The total volume of air that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation.
217
Accessory muscle recruitment?
These muscles, not typically involved in normal breathing process, are used to support the respiratory system when a patient is struggling to breathe.
Indicative of increased work of breathing, often seen in patients with respiratory distress.
218
What is the principal function of the lungs?
Respiration, the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide.
219
What condition is caused by fluid build in the space between the alveoli and pulmonary capillaries?
Pulmonary Edema.
220
OPQRST?
O - Onset
P - provocation/palliation (what makes symptoms worse)
Q - Quality (what do symptoms feel like)
R - Radiation (is pain radiating?)
S - Severity
T - Time (how long have you had symptoms?)
221
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
A group of symptoms caused by mycocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction.
222
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI)
A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. "Acute" in this context means "new".
223
angina pectoris?
Transient chest discomfort caused by partial temporary blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle. Also called angina.
224
aorta?
The main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all the other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body.
225
aortic aneurysm?
A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture.
226
aortic valve?
The one-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves.
227
asystole?
The complete absence of all heart electrical activity
228
atherosclerosis?
A disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside the walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow.
229
atrium?
one of the two upper chambers of the heart.
230
automaticity?
The ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from the nervous system.
231
autonomic nervous system?
The part of the nervous system that controls the involuntary activities of the body such as the heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.
232
bradycardia?
A slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min.
233
cardiac arrest?
When the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart.
234
cardiac output?
A measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.
235
cardiogenic shock?
A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be severe complications of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.
236
congestive heart failure (CHF)?
A disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle and usually resulting in a backup of fluid into the lungs.
237
coronary arteries?
The blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle.
238
defibrillate?
To shock a fibrillating (chaotically shaking) heart with specialized electric current in an attempt to restore a normal, rhythmic beat.
239
dependent edema?
Swelling in the part of the body closest to the ground, caused by collection of fluid in the tissues; a possible sign of congestive heart failure.
240
dilation?
Widening of a tubular structure such as a coronary artery.
241
dissecting aneurysm?
A condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers.
242
dysrhythmia?
An irregular or abnormal heart rhythm.
243
hypertensive emergency?
An emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm.
244
Infarction?
Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption of its blood supply.
245
Inferior?
Below a body part or nearer to the feet.
246
Ischemia?
A lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of blood flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred.
247
lumen?
The inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure.
248
myocardium?
The heart muscle.
249
Occlusion?
A blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel.
250
Parasympathetic nervous system?
The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion of food and relaxation.
251
Perfusion?
The circulation of oxygenated blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells current needs.
252
return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)?
The return of a pulse and effective blood flow to the body in a patient who previously was in cardiac arrest.
253
Stroke volume?
The volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction.
254
sympathetic nervous system?
The part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (AKA flight or fight).
255
syncope?
A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.
256
tachycardia?
A rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min
257
thromboembolism?
A blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream.
258
ventricle?
One of the two lower chambers of the heart.
259
ventricular fibrillation?
Disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest.
260
ventricular tachcardia?
A rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atria), which may result in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest.
261
