Chapter 33 Environmental Emergencies Flashcards
The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart?
air embolism
air embolism?
The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart?
The temperature of the surrounding environment?
Ambient temperature.
A serum that counteracts the effect of venom from an animal or insect?
antivenin
antivenin?
The presence of air in the veins, which can lead to cardiac arrest if it enters the heart?
A common name for decompression sickness?
Bends
Loss of consciousness caused by a decreased breathing stimulus?
breath-holding syncope.
breath-holding syncope?
Loss of consciousness caused by a decreased breathing stimulus?
The loss of heat by direct contact?
conduction.
The loss of body heat caused by air movement?
Convection
Convection?
The loss of body heat caused by air movement?
The temperature of the central part of the body?
core temperature.
A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues…
decompression sickness
decompression sickness?
A painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly, in which gas, especially nitrogen, forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues…
The slowing of the heart rate caused by submersion in cold water?
diving reflex.
Any signs and symptoms caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body?
dysbarism injuries.
The conversion of water or another fluid from a liquid to a gas?
evaporation.
Damage to tissues as the result of exposure to cold?
frostbite
painful muscle spasms usually associated with vigorous activity in a hot environment?
heat cramps.
A heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating?
heat exhaustion.
A life-threatening condition of severe hyperthermia caused by exposure to excessive natural or artificial heat, marked by warm, dry skin; severely altered mental status; and often irreversible coma.
heatstroke.
A balance of all systems of the body?
homeostasis.
A family of insects that includes bees, wasps, ants, and yellow jackets.
hymenoptera.
A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101 degrees F (38.3C) or more?
hyperthermia
hyperthermia?
A condition in which the body core temperature rises to 101 degrees F (38.3C) or more?
A condition in which the body core temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35C) ?
hypothermia
hypothermia?
A condition in which the body core temperature falls below 95 degrees F (35C) ?
The transfer of heat to colder objects in the environment by radiant energy; for example, heat gain from a fire.
radiation.
The inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air?
respiration.
respiration?
The inhaling and exhaling of air; the physiologic process that exchanges carbon dioxide from fresh air?
What is reverse triage? When is it used primarily?
Reverse triage is when efforts are focused on those who are in respiratory and cardiac arrest.
Used in the case of multiple victims of a lightning strike.
The ability of the skin to resist deformation; tested by gently pinching skin on the forehead or back of the hand?
turgor.
Three causes of a local cold injury?
frostbite, frostnip, and immersion foot.
Why should you not attempt to rewarm patients who have moderate to severe hypothermia?
Because they are susceptible to the development of dysrhythmias.
What is the key to treating patients with hypothermia?
The key is to stabilize vital functions and prevent further heat loss.
What are the three forms of heat emergency?
Heat cramps.
Heat exhaustion.
Heat stroke.
Which heat emergency is a form of hypovolemic shock caused by dehydration?
heat exhaustion.
What are the four factors that affect how a person deals with exposure to a hot or cold environment?
Physical condition.
Age.
Nutrition and Hydration.
Environmental Conditions.
At what age do humans develop the ability to thermoregulate their body via shivering?
12-18 months.
What does the body do to prevent heat loss that causes blue lips and/or fingertips?
constricts blood vessels in the skin.
How do you assess the patient’s core body temperature (CBT) when concerned about hypothermia?
Pull back on your glove and place the back of your hand on the patient’s skin at the abdomen.
What is the temp of mild hypothermia and what are the signs and symptoms?
95-93F.
Shivering.
Foot stamping.
What is the temp and cardio respiratory response to mild hypothermia?
95F-93F.
Constricted blood vessels.
Rapid breathing.
What is the temp and level of consciousness in mild hypothermia?
95F-93F.
Withdrawn.
What is the temp and signs and symptoms of moderate-mild hypothermia?
92F-89F.
Loss of coordination.
Muscle stiffness.
What is the temp and cardio respiratory response to moderate-mild hypothermia?
92F-89F.
Slowing respiration’s.
Slow pulse.
h
92F-89F.
Confused.
Lethargic.
Sleepy.
What is the temp and signs and symptoms of moderate-severe hypothermia?
88F-80F.
Coma.
What is the temp and cardio respiratory response to moderate-severe hypothermia?
88F-80F.
Weak pulse.
Dysrhythmias.
Very slow respirations.
What is the temp and level of consciousness in moderate-severe hypothermia?
88F-80F.
Unresponsive.
What is the temp and signs and symptoms of severe hypothermia?
Less than 80F.
Apparent Death.
What is the temp and cardio respiratory response to severe hypothermia?
Less than 80F.
Cardiac arrest.
What is the temp and level of consciousness in severe hypothermia?
Less than 80F.
Unresponsive.
A common saying when treating anyone but specifically when treating people with hypothermia. No one is dead unless they are ______ and _______.
warm.
dead.
