Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is supplemental oxygen theory?
A medical treatment that provides additional oxygen to a patient who is not receiving enough oxygen from the air they breathe.
Minute volume?
the amount of air or gas a person inhales or exhales in one minute
What is the ideal O2 saturation?
94-99
What is Tidal volume
How much air you move in one breath
Hypoxic Drive?
the physiological process in which the body’s respiratory rate is stimulated by low levels of oxygen in the blood (hypoxemia)
What is a normal PH Range?
7.35-7.45
When is acidosis?
when your PH balance is below 7.35.
When is Alkalosis?
When your PH balance is above 7.45
Breathing is controlled by an area in the…
Brainstem (pons and medulla oblongata)
Fresh air that is inspired into the lungs contains about _____ percent oxygen when it is inhaled and ____ percent when it is exhaled.
21%
16%
The EMT should assess a patient’s tidal volume by:
A. observing for adequate chest rise.
B. assessing the facial area for cyanosis.
C. counting the patient’s respiratory rate.
D. measuring the patient’s oxygen saturation.
A. observing for adequate chest rise.
Rationale: Tidal volume—the volume of air that is moved into or out of the lungs in a single breath—is assessed by observing for adequate chest rise. If shallow chest rise is noted, the patient’s tidal volume is likely reduced.
In an otherwise healthy individual, the primary stimulus to breathe is a(n):
A. increased level of oxygen in the blood.
B. decreased level of oxygen in the blood.
C. increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
D. decreased level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
C. increased level of carbon dioxide in the blood.
Rationale: Under control of the brainstem, rising levels of carbon dioxide in arterial blood normally stimulate breathing in an otherwise healthy patient.
During insertion of an oropharyngeal airway into an unconscious patient, she begins to vomit. The first thing you should do is:
A. turn the patient on her side.
B. remove the airway at once.
C. suction the patient’s mouth.
D. use a smaller-sized oral airway.
A. turn the patient on her side.
In which of the following patients would a nasopharyngeal airway be contraindicated?
A. A semiconscious patient with a gag reflex
B. An unconscious patient with an intact gag reflex
C. A patient who fell 20 feet and landed on his or her head
D. An unconscious patient who gags when you insert an oral airway
C. A patient who fell 20 feet and landed on his or her head
Rationale: Nasopharyngeal (nasal) airways are contraindicated in patients with severe head or facial injuries and should be used with caution in patients who have delicate nasal membranes or are prone to nosebleeds. The nasal airway is better tolerated in patients who are semiconscious and/or those with a gag reflex.
You are delivering oxygen to a patient with a nasal cannula at 4 L/min when he begins to complain of a burning sensation in his nose. You should:
A. remove the nasal cannula.
B. apply a nonrebreathing mask.
C. attach an oxygen humidifier.
D. increase the flow rate to 6 L/min.
C. attach an oxygen humidifier.
A patient is found unconscious after falling from a third-floor window. His respirations are slow and irregular. You should:
A. place him in the recovery position.
B. apply oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask.
C. suction his airway for up to 15 seconds.
D. assist his breathing with a bag-mask device.
D. assist his breathing with a bag-mask device.
Rationale: The patient is not breathing adequately. Slow, irregular respirations will not result in adequate oxygenation. You should assist the patient’s breathing with a bag-mask device attached to 100% oxygen. Suctioning is indicated if the patient has blood or other liquids in the airway; there is no evidence of this in the scenario.
When ventilating an apneic adult with a bag-mask device, you should squeeze the bag:
A. until it is empty.
B. over a period of 2 seconds.
C. at a rate of 20 breaths/min.
D. until visible chest rise is noted.
D. until visible chest rise is noted.
Rationale: When ventilating any apneic patient with a bag-mask device, you should squeeze the bag over a period of 1 second and observe for visible chest rise. Ventilate the apneic adult at a rate of 10 breaths/min (one breath every 6 seconds). Ventilate infants and children at a rate of 20 to 30 breaths/min (one breath every 2 to 3 seconds).
You and your partner are ventilating an apneic adult when you notice that his stomach is becoming distended. You should:
A. suction his airway for up to 15 seconds.
B. reposition his head.
C. increase the rate and volume of your ventilations.
D. decrease your ventilation rate but use more volume.
B. reposition his head.
Rationale: Gastric distention occurs when air enters the stomach. Severe gastric distention can result in vomiting and aspiration if not recognized and treated. To minimize the amount of air that enters the stomach during ventilations, you should reposition the patient’s head.
Which of the following statements regarding normal gas exchange in the lungs is correct?
A. The oxygen content int he alveoli is highest during the exhalation phase.
B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.
C. The actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide occurs in the capillaries.
D. Blood that returns to the lungs from the body has low levels of carbon dioxide.
B. Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across the alveolar walls and capillaries.
Which of the following structures is contained within the mediastinum?
A. Lungs
B. Larynx
C. Bronchioles
D. Esophagus
D. Esophagus
The _____________ is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the lungs.
mediastinum
The lungs are located in the _____________.
Pleural cavities
