Chapter 21 Allergy and Anaphylaxis Flashcards
An exaggerated immune response to any substance?
allergic reaction.
allergen?
A substance that causes an allergic reaction
A substance that causes an allergic reaction
allergen
allergic reaction?
The body’s exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent.
anaphylaxis?
An extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
An extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.
anaphylaxis
angioedema?
Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eye and lips, but can also involve other body areas as well.
Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eye and lips, but can also involve other body areas as well.
angioedema
envenomation?
The act of injecting venom.
The act of injecting venom.
envenomation
epinephrine?
A substance produced by the body (often called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharma companies that increase pulse rate and blood pressure.
A substance produced by the body (often called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharma companies that increase pulse rate and blood pressure.
epinephrine
Drug used to treat anaphylactic reaction
epinephrine
histamines?
Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation.
Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation.
histamines.
The body’s response to a substance perceived by the body as foreign.
immune response
immune response
The body’s response to a substance perceived by the body as foreign.
Immune system?
The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents.
The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents.
Immune system.
leukotrienes?
Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions.
Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions.
leukotrienes.
stridor?
A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.
A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.
stridor
toxin?
A harmful substance produced by living cells or organisms.
A harmful substance produced by living cells or organisms.
toxin.
Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives.
urticaria.
urticaria?
Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives.
wheal?
a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction.
a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction.
wheal.
wheezing?
A high pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
A high pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.
wheezing
SAMPLE acronym meaning and use?
Signs and Symptoms.
Allergies.
Medications.
Past medical history.
Last oral intake.
Events leading up to the current situation.
SAMPLE is used to gather important information about a patients health history and current condition.
OPQRST acronym meaning and use?
Onset, when did symptoms start?
Provocation/Palliation, what makes the symptoms worse or better?
Quality, describe the nature of the symptoms (dull, sharp, throbbing)
Radiation, do the symptoms spread to other areas?
Severity, how intense are the symptoms (scale of 1-10)
Timing, How long have the symptoms been present and how have they changed over time?
OPQRST used to assess a patient’s pain complaint. Often used alongside SAMPLE
A skin reaction that causes itchy welts?
Urticaria (Hives)
If an allergic reaction was caused by an insect sting and the stinger is still in place, how should you attempt to remove it?
Attempt to remove by scraping the skin with the edge of a sharp, stiff object such as a credit card.
Typical adult and pediatric dose of epinephrine for adults?
0.3mg for adults (>66 pounds)
0.15 mg for children (33-66 pounds)
Anyone under 33 pounds is dosed individually (.01mg/kg IM in the thight)
All are 1:1000 concentration (1mg/mL)
Steps in using an Epi-pen auto injector?
1: remove safety cap, wipe thigh with antiseptic, if possible.
2: Place tip of auto-injector against the lateral part of the thigh. Push the auto-injector firmly against the midanterolateral thigh until click is heard. Hold in place for 10 seconds.
3: Rub area for 10 seconds.
