Chapter 21 Allergy and Anaphylaxis

Question 1

An exaggerated immune response to any substance?

Answer 1

allergic reaction.

Question 2

allergen?

Answer 2

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

Question 3

A substance that causes an allergic reaction

Answer 3

allergen

Question 4

allergic reaction?

Answer 4

The body’s exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent.

Question 5

anaphylaxis?

Answer 5

An extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Question 6

An extreme, life threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Answer 6

anaphylaxis

Question 7

angioedema?

Answer 7

Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eye and lips, but can also involve other body areas as well.

Question 8

Localized areas of swelling beneath the skin, often around the eye and lips, but can also involve other body areas as well.

Answer 8

angioedema

Question 9

envenomation?

Answer 9

The act of injecting venom.

Question 10

The act of injecting venom.

Answer 10

envenomation

Question 11

epinephrine?

Answer 11

A substance produced by the body (often called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharma companies that increase pulse rate and blood pressure.

Question 12

A substance produced by the body (often called adrenaline), and a drug produced by pharma companies that increase pulse rate and blood pressure.

Answer 12

epinephrine

Question 13

Drug used to treat anaphylactic reaction

Answer 13

epinephrine

Question 14

histamines?

Answer 14

Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation.

Question 15

Chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis, such as vasodilation.

Answer 15

histamines.

Question 16

The body’s response to a substance perceived by the body as foreign.

Answer 16

immune response

Question 17

immune response

Answer 17

The body’s response to a substance perceived by the body as foreign.

Question 18

Immune system?

Answer 18

The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents.

Question 19

The body system that includes all of the structures and processes designed to mount a defense against foreign substances and disease-causing agents.

Answer 19

Immune system.

Question 20

leukotrienes?

Answer 20

Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions.

Question 21

Chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis; released by the immune system in allergic reactions.

Answer 21

leukotrienes.

Question 22

stridor?

Answer 22

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.

Question 23

A harsh, high-pitched respiratory sound, generally heard during inspiration, that is caused by partial blockage or narrowing of the upper airway; may be audible without a stethoscope.

Answer 23

stridor

Question 24

toxin?

Answer 24

A harmful substance produced by living cells or organisms.

Question 25

A harmful substance produced by living cells or organisms.

Answer 25

toxin.

Question 26

Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives.

Answer 26

urticaria.

Question 27

urticaria?

Answer 27

Small areas of generalized itching and/or burning that appear as multiple raised areas on the skin; hives.

Question 28

wheal?

Answer 28

a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction.

Question 29

a raised, swollen, well-defined area on the skin resulting from an insect bite or allergic reaction.

Answer 29

wheal.

Question 30

wheezing?

Answer 30

A high pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.

Question 31

A high pitched, whistling breath sound that is most prominent on expiration and which suggests an obstruction or narrowing of the lower airways; occurs in asthma and bronchiolitis.

Answer 31

wheezing

Question 32

SAMPLE acronym meaning and use?

Answer 32

Signs and Symptoms. Allergies. Medications. Past medical history. Last oral intake. Events leading up to the current situation. SAMPLE is used to gather important information about a patients health history and current condition.

Question 33

OPQRST acronym meaning and use?

Answer 33

Onset, when did symptoms start? Provocation/Palliation, what makes the symptoms worse or better? Quality, describe the nature of the symptoms (dull, sharp, throbbing) Radiation, do the symptoms spread to other areas? Severity, how intense are the symptoms (scale of 1-10) Timing, How long have the symptoms been present and how have they changed over time? OPQRST used to assess a patient's pain complaint. Often used alongside SAMPLE

Question 34

A skin reaction that causes itchy welts?

Answer 34

Urticaria (Hives)

Question 35

If an allergic reaction was caused by an insect sting and the stinger is still in place, how should you attempt to remove it?

Answer 35

Attempt to remove by scraping the skin with the edge of a sharp, stiff object such as a credit card.

Question 36

Typical adult and pediatric dose of epinephrine for adults?

Answer 36

0.3mg for adults (>66 pounds) 0.15 mg for children (33-66 pounds) Anyone under 33 pounds is dosed individually (.01mg/kg IM in the thight) All are 1:1000 concentration (1mg/mL)

Question 37

Steps in using an Epi-pen auto injector?

Answer 37

1: remove safety cap, wipe thigh with antiseptic, if possible. 2: Place tip of auto-injector against the lateral part of the thigh. Push the auto-injector firmly against the midanterolateral thigh until click is heard. Hold in place for 10 seconds. 3: Rub area for 10 seconds.