VOCAB—intermediate 1 Flashcards by Nina Wieczorek

full of, in plenty, ample (e.g. full of vitamins)

たっぷり

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electric power

電力

[でんりょく]

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boundary, border (line)

the boundary line (often metaphorical, e.g. between dreams an reality)

境
[さかい]

境目
[さかいめ]

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uncooked (raw) food, perishables

生物

[なまもの]

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recollection / memory storage (in computing)

to recall / to remember (an event, an occurrence, etc.)

memory (as an ability)

having a good memory

記憶
[きおく]

記憶する

記憶力
[きおくりょく]

記憶力がいい

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mood (loan word)

ムード

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not at home

to be away from home

留守
[るす]

留守する

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finally…. after all….

結局

[けっきょく]

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ultimately…. in the end….

とうとう

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commerce

商業

[しょうぎょう]

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inside, within / the inner—

内

[うち]

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unit (of measurement) / credit (in school)

単位

[たんい]

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the bottom / sole (of a shoe)

底

[そこ]

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holiday, a day off (general use)

休日

[きゅうじつ]

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final, the last in a series (e.g. the last episode)

eventual, final

eventually…

最終
[さいしゅう]

最終的
[さいしゅうてき]

最終的に

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a sneeze

to sneeze

くしゃみ

くしゃみする

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feeling relieved… with a sigh of relief…

to feel relieved

ほっと

ほっとする

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network (loan word)

ネットワーク

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slippers (loan word)

スリッパ

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soundly sleeping, fast asleep

ぐっすり

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long-term

long time, long period

長期
[ちょうき]

長期間
[ちょうきかん]

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context

文脈

[ぶんみゃく]

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one-piece dress (loan word)

ワンピース

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(a particular) point of view or perspective

視点
[してん]

観点
[かんてん]

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speculation

to speculate on / to have expectations about / to see something coming

予想
[よそう]

予想する

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quality (of goods, etc.)

質

[しつ]

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fur

毛皮

[けがわ]

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course (loan word)

コース

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soldier

soldier(s), troop(s)

兵士
[へいし]

兵隊
[へいたい]

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the following year

翌年

[よくねん]

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thanks and gratitude

to express one’s thanks (with a bow, temple visit, etc.)

礼
[れい]

お礼

お礼する

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surely… just exactly… clearly.. / just about to… on the verge of…

正に

> [まさに]

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excellent, exceptional

優秀

[ゆうしゅう]

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the wrong idea

to have the wrong idea / to make a wrong assumption

勘違い
[かんちがい]

勘違いする

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stomach

stomach pain, stomachache

胃
[い]

胃が痛い

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end, point of termination / turning off

to terminate / to bring to an end / to turn off or power off (esp. a computer)

終了
[しゅうりょう]

終了する

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unknown, unclear, unidentified

不明

[ふめい]

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the biggest, the largest, the maximum

最大

[さいだい]

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the eastern part

東部

[とうぶ]

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while on the way…, to take the opportunity (to do something)

ついで

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internal medicine

内科

[ないか]

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assumption, premise

前提

[ぜんてい]

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best / vest (loan word)

ベスト

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quickly (esp. actions) / suddenly (esp. wind, rain, etc.)

さっと

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data (loan word)

データ

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it would be nice if…. I hope that….

should…. should do…. (when urging another or asking what should be done)

—といい [なあ] ….

—たらいい [なあ] ….

—ばいい [なあ] ….

—ならばいい [なあ] ….

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shoes (loan word)

シューズ

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white hair, gray hair

白髪
[しらが]

白髪
[はくはつ]

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hands and feet / limbs

手足

[てあし]

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climate

気候

[きこう]

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sluggish, feeling run-down

だるい

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cough

咳

[せき]

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violence

violent

暴力
[ぼうりょく]

暴力的

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the date (month, day)

the date (year, month, day) for applications, etc.

月日
[がっぴ]

年月日
[ねんがっぴ]

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look at, see (humble)

to look at / to see / to be shown (humble)

拝見
[はいけん]

拝見する

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surgery

surgeon

外科
[げか]

外科医

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upside-down, inverted

逆様
[さかさま]

逆さ
[さかさ]

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as for…. / as far as…. is concerned….

usu. followed by an adjectival phrase

….にとって

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situation, state of affairs (usu. negative)

事態

[じたい]

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never! not in a million years!

まさか

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Instead of….

on one hand…., but at the same time….

(showing a compensation of balance)

….かわりに

….のかわりに

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untidy, sloppy, undisciplined or lazy

だらしない

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one way (trip)

片道

[かたみち]

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just as….. (as something else)

….と同じくらい

[….とおなじくらい]

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pitch-black

真っ黒

[まっくろ]

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moving slowly

to go slowly or sluggishly

(onomatopoeic)

のろのろ

のろのろする

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before (you), in front of (you), on this side

often used to express things like “before the traffic light”, “one station before”, etc.

手前

[てまえ]

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during a continuous state…. is going on at the same time

during a continuous state…. a (momentary) change occurs

….間
[….あいだ]

….間に

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release (of a product)

to launch or release (a new product) / to offer on sale

発売
[はつばい]

発売する

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decoration

飾り

[かざり]

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rooftop

屋上

[おくじょう]

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design

to design (clothing, etc.)

(loan word)

デザイン

デザインする

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speech (loan word)

スピーチ

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admiration / well done!

to admire / to be deeply impressed by

感心
[かんしん]

感心する

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as quick as possible

なるべく早く

[なるべくはやく]

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imitation

to imitate / to mimic / to mock

真似
[まね]

真似する

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hot (loan word)

ホット

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belly

腹

[はら]

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major (area of study)

to major in / to specialize in (esp. at a university)

専攻
[せんこう]

専攻する

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scale, scope

規模

[きぼ]

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(one’s) nature, gender, sex

性

[せい]

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a pity, unfortunate

what a pity… I’m sorry to hear that… my sympathies…

気の毒
[きのどく]

お気の毒に

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in back, in the rear (e.g. the back of a car)

後方

[こうほう]

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cupboard

戸棚

[とだな]

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up until now….

これまで

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honest, straightforward / obedient

素直

[すなお]

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unkind, inconsiderate

不親切

[ふしんせつ]

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as you’d expect…. no wonder…. (an outcome arises naturally from the circumstances)

acceptance of a fact in light of certain circumstances

….わけだ

….というわけだ

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the business world, the industry

業界

[ぎょうかい]

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lid, cover, cap

蓋

[ふた]

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damage, loss (after a storm, etc.)

損害

[そんがい]

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pure-white / a total blank (e.g. one’s mind is a blank)

真っ白

[まっしろ]

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moving, transferring

to transfer (to a new location)

移転
[いてん]

移転する

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upper, superior (in relation to other things) / first volume (of a book)

上

[じょう]

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index finger, forefinger

人差し指

[ひとさしゆび]

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just after, immediately following

直後

[ちょくご]

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acts, conduct, deeds

行為

[こうい]

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earrings (loan word)

イヤリング

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coach

to coach (a team, etc.)

(loan word)

コーチ

コーチする

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related to…. in relation to….

(detailed information) concerning….

(formal / written use)

….に関して
[….にかんして….]

….に関する….

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almost identical… looking exactly like…

all together… completely… entirely…

そっくり

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prayer

祈り

[いのり]

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dark blue, navy blue

紺

[こん]

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beautiful woman

美人

[びじん]

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just like… as if… as though…

まるで

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discharge (from a hospital)

to be discharged / to leave (a hospital)

退院
[たいいん]

退院する

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robbery / burglar

強盗

[ごうとう]

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policy

方針

[ほうしん]

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foreign trade

to engage in trade (export and import)

貿易
[ぼうえき]

貿易する

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varied, diverse

様々

[さまざま]

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score, points, marks

点数

[てんすう]

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panties, (women’s) underwear (loan word)

パンティー

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(one’s) academic background

学歴

[がくれき]

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omission

to make an omission / to leave something out

省略
[しょうりゃく]

省略する

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a lifetime, whole life

一生

[いっしょう]

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gay (loan word)

ゲイ

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center, central— / in the middle, at the heart of

中央

[ちゅうおう]

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unconsciousness, the unconscious (mind)

無意識

[むいしき]

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or… or else… (conjunction)

それとも

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inside a vehicle or a train

車内

[しゃない]

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branch (store), branch (office)

支店

[してん]

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chart, graph (loan word)

グラフ

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ankle

足首

[あしくび]

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illustrate how something resembles something else (providing a metaphor)

….[の]よう

….かのよう

….[である]かのよう

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wheat

小麦

[こむぎ]

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means (e.g. any means necessary)

手段

[しゅだん]

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interior, internal, inner parts

内部

[ないぶ]

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discrimination

to discriminate against (a group of people, etc.)

差別
[さべつ]

差別する

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living creature

生き物

[いきもの]

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urban area, (big) city

urban, metropolitan

都会
[とかい]

都会的

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meager, marginal (a very small quantity)

僅か

> [わずか]

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feeling refreshed / cleanly… clearly… without trouble…

to feel refreshed / to feel clear-headed / to be tidy and neat (e.g. a room)

すっきり

すっきりする

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livelihood

暮らし

[くらし]

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contest (loan word)

コンテスト

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drawing-up / creation of

to draw-up (e.g. legal documents) / to create or prepare

作成
[さくせい]

作成する

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belt (loan word)

ベルト

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common sense, general knowledge

sensible (with the use of common sense) / commonplace, commonly known

常識
[じょうしき]

常識的

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heavy rain

大雨

[おおあめ]

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identical

同一

[どういつ]

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shop closing

to close up shop (for the day) / to go out of business

閉店
[へいてん]

閉店する

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stage, phase

段階

[だんかい]

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persuasion

to persuade

persuasiveness, persuasive power

説得
[せっとく]

説得する

説得力
[せっとくりょく]

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round trip

to take a round trip

往復
[おうふく]

往復する

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medical science (the study of medicine)

医学

[いがく]

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metropolitan area

都内

[とない]

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depth, profundity

深さ

[ふかさ]

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above all…

above all else… most of all… more than anything…

何より
[なにより]

何よりも

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a difference, a variation / —difference (e.g. time difference)

差

[さ]

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thank you for —ing (me)

—(て)くれてありがとう

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middle, moderate, medium sized (kanji use)

中

[ちゅう]

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a loss, a disadvantage

損

[そん]

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if… if ever… (a certain event were to occur)

もしも

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proposition, proposal

to propose (an idea) / to make a proposition

提案
[ていあん]

提案する

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drama, tv drama (loan word)

ドラマ

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dried seaweed

海苔

> [のり]

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school for English conversation

an English conversation instructor

英会話
[えいかいわ]

英会話講師
[えいかいわこうし]

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idol (loan word)

アイドル

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frog

かえる

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although… even though… / in order to… (particle)

のに

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butterfly

蝶
[ちょう]

蝶々

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from the point of view of….

from that perspective….

if you look at it that way….

….にしたら

….にすれば

….にしてみれば

….にしても

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sense (of humor, etc.), feel for, taste

感覚

[かんかく]

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onion

玉ねぎ

> [たまねぎ]

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enlargement

to magnify / to enlarge / to expand

拡大
[かくだい]

拡大する

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being, existence

to be / to exist (in the existential sense)

存在
[そんざい]

存在する

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one (of two), one way, the other party

one-way traffic

一方
[いっぽう]

一方通行
[いっぽうつうこう]

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(tree) branch, twig

枝

[えだ]

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lower, bottom (in relation to other things) / last volume (of a book)

下

[げ]

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representative / representation

to represent (on a committee, etc.) / to stand for / to typify

代表
[だいひょう]

代表する

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dark blue, navy blue

紺

[こん]

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business venture

事業

[じぎょう]

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amusement park

遊園地

[ゆうえんち]

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separation (of people), parting, farewell

別れ

[わかれ]

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marketplace, bazaar

市場

[いちば]

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probability

確率

[かくりつ]

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(one’s) limit, limitations

限界

[げんかい]

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working

働き

[はたらき]

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still… in addition… furthermore…

尚

> [なお]

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to come to be unable to…. to lose the ability to…. (grammatical use)

….なくなる

input / (data) entry

to input / to enter (data, information, etc.)

入力
[にゅうりょく]

入力する

poverty

a poor person (a person living in poverty)

貧乏
[びんぼう]

貧乏人
[びんぼうにん]

secretly, discreetly

こっそり

employment / adoption of

to employ (workers) / to adopt or use (new systems, etc.)

採用
[さいよう]

採用する

investigation and examination

to investigate (data, etc.) / to examine / to survey (groups of people)

調査
[ちょうさ]

調査する

overtime work

to work overtime

残業
[ざんぎょう]

残業する

advance to higher education

to advance to higher education

進学
[しんがく]

進学する

not at all…. (casual)

with neg. verb

ちっとも

sales floor, specific department (e.g. women’s clothing)

売り場

[うりば]

field trip / study by observation

to go on a field trip / to study by observation

見学
[けんがく]

見学する

fixed, settled, constant, uniform, standardized

一定

[いってい]

daytime, during the day

Japan-China (Sino-Japanese)

日中

[にっちゅう]

(financial) stock, share

stock (in a company)

an incorporated public company (INC.)

株
[かぶ]

株式
[かぶしき]

株式会社
[かぶしきがいしゃ]

not necessarily true…. not always true….

just because…., it doesn’t mean….

….とは限らない

straight away or immediately… (standing up, etc.) / softly… gently…

to do straight away / to do gently / to feel relaxed and refreshed

すっと

すっとする

apology, excuse

to apologize (as an excuse for something)

申し訳
[もうしわけ]

申し訳する

deadline

締め切り

[しめきり]

anger

to offend / to make (someone) angry

怒り
[いかり]

怒りに触れる
[いかりにふれる]

sign, billboard

看板

[かんばん]

crisis

危機

[きき]

medical service, healthcare

医療

[いりょう]

transaction, deal

to make a (business) transaction / to make a deal

取引
[とりひき]

取引する

alt: 取り引き

guarantee

to make a guarantee / to offer a warranty

(alt.) = guarantee of one’s personal safety, social security, etc.

保証
[ほしょう]

保証する

(alt.) = 保障

amount of money

金額

[きんがく]

death, dying (kanji use)

死

[し]

continent

大陸

[たいりく]

as soon as — is done… (verb suffix)

—てすぐに…

all of a sudden… without warning…

いきなり

evaluation

to evaluate

評価
[ひょうか]

評価する

tangibility

tangible, concrete, specific

具体
[ぐたい]

具体的

dad, papa (loan word)

パパ

an organization

to organize (a group of people) / to form an organization / to create a structure

organized and systematic

組織
[そしき]

組織する

組織的

an incident

出来事

[できごと]

love and affection

愛情

[あいじょう]

celebrity, television personality / talent (loan word)

タレント

start

to start (a race, game, etc.)

(loan word)

スタート

スタートする

party, faction

political party

党
[とう]

政党
[せいとう]

range (of understanding, etc.), scope, sphere (of influence, etc.)

範囲

[はんい]

routine, ordinary, everyday— (e.g. everyday conversation)

mundane, ordinary or unremarkable

日常
[にちじょう]

日常的

in accordance with…. based on…. due to….

by…. (e.g. a novel written by….)

….によって

chaos, confusion, mayhem

to be chaotic / to be in a state of chaos / to be tumultuous

混乱
[こんらん]

混乱する

reputation

評判

[ひょうばん]

measurement

to take a measurement

測定
[そくてい]

測定する

passage (through)

to pass (in regards to traffic, etc.) / to pass through (a street, etc.)

通行
[つうこう]

通行する

(a single) moment, (one) instant

一瞬

[いっしゅん]

trial, test, trying out

試し

[ためし]

unemployment

to lose one’s job / to be unemployed

失業
[しつぎょう]

失業する

major— principal— primary—

主要

[しゅよう]

(one’s) personal history, (one’s) work history

resume, curriculum vitae

履歴
[りれき]

履歴書
[りれきしょ]

handy, skilled, (esp. being good with one’s hands)

器用

[きよう]

an occurrence

to occur (esp. neg. incidents), to break out (diseases, etc.)

発生
[はっせい]

発生する

short-term

short time, short period

短期
[たんき]

短期間
[たんきかん]

greatly, to a great extent

大いに

[おおいに]

a trial (in court) / judgment

to try (in a courtroom) / to judge

裁判
[さいばん]

裁判する

staying up all night

to stay up all night / ‘to burn the midnight oil’

徹夜
[てつや]

徹夜する

(manufacturing) industry

工業

[こうぎょう]

New Year (esp. the first three days), January

正月

[しょうがつ]

stiff, tight

solid, hard (keeping a material’s shape or appearance)

bookish, very formal (writing, etc.) / stubborn, not easily moved or affected

固い
[かたい]

硬い
[かたい]

堅い
[かたい]

cleanliness

清潔

[せいけつ]

across (the street, etc.), opposite from

the opposite side

向かい
[むかい]

向かい側

(Japanese style) door, sliding door

戸

[と]

going out of one’s way to do something

わざわざ

heavy rain

大雨

[おおあめ]

inhabitants, residents

住民

[じゅうみん]

pepper

胡椒

> [こしょう]

accurately… neatly… precisely…

to be accurate / to be neat / to be precise (in one’s doing)

きちんと

きちんとする

forehead

額

[ひたい]

process

過程

[かてい]

part / part-timer (loan word)

パート

persistent

しつこい

spider

蜘蛛

> [くも]

blossom of youth, adolescence

青春

[せいしゅん]

drastic(ally), substantial(ly)

大幅

[おおはば]

model, type (of machines, goods, etc.)

型

[かた]

observation

to make an observation

観察
[かんさつ]

観察する

point (loan word)

ポイント

heel

踵

> [かかと]

dazzling, radiant, glaring (light, etc.)

まぶしい

but still…. and yet… nevertheless….

それでも

beauty of figure or form

hair salon

beautician, hair-stylist

美容
[びよう]

美容院

美容師

putting in order

to put something in order / to sort out / to organize

整理
[せいり]

整理する

ring finger

薬指

[くすりゆび]

awesome, sick (slang) / dangerous, insane

やばい

processing

to process and manufacture (in a factory)

processed food

加工
[かこう]

加工する

加工食品

readiness

to be ready for / to be (mentally) prepared

覚悟
[かくご]

覚悟する

don’t you agree?

I thought you’d say that!

だろう

でしょう

honorific language, respectful language

敬語

[けいご]

local, on-site

現地

[げんち]

drawing-up / creation of

to draw-up (e.g. legal documents) / to create or prepare

作成
[さくせい]

作成する

pumpkin

かぼちゃ

ally

to be an ally / to support / to stand by (someone)

味方
[みかた]

味方する

do…. before a state / situation changes

while a continuous process is happening…. a change also happens

—うちに….

short story

短編

[たんぺん]

the western part

西部

[せいぶ]

Chinese dumplings

餃子

[ぎょうざ]

place name

地名

[ちめい]

high speed—

高速

[こうそく]

field (of specialty), area, realm

分野

[ぶんや]

the southern part

南部

[なんぶ]

first half

second half

前半
[ぜんはん]

後半
[こうはん]

nation

国家

[こっか]

buddha

image of the buddha

仏様
[ほとけさま]

仏
[ほとけ]

powder / flour

粉

[こな]

the world (of today), society

世の中

[よのなか]

body / oneself / one’s status (kanji use)

身

[み]

national—

国立

[こくりつ]

eyelid

瞼

> [まぶた]

an offer

to offer / to make an offer / to provide

提供
[ていきょう]

提供する

flashy, gaudy

派手

[はで]

inexcusable

there’s no excuse

there’s no excuse for this, but…

申し訳ない
[もうしわけない]

申し訳ありません

申し訳ありませんが…

falling

to fall / to lower / to decline (e.g. educational standards)

低下
[ていか]

低下する

number of people

人数

[にんずう]

district, locality

地方

[ちほう]

latter period, late stages / the second semester

後期

[こうき]

months and years / a (long) period of time

年月
[としつき]

年月
[ねんげつ]

just like… typical of… / apparently… I heard that… (as a suffix)

—らしい

summit, peak

頂上

[ちょうじょう]

is it….? should I….? I wonder….?

to wonder about (doing) something / to indicate hope or concern

(end of sentence particle)

….かなあ

….かな

castle

城

[しろ]

port, harbor

港

[みなと]

room, leeway, surplus (of time, money etc.)

余裕

[よゆう]

trigger, impetus, opportunity (to start something)

きっかけ

—times (e.g. three times as big)

倍

[ばい]

highway

高速道路

[こうそくどうろ]

wrist

手首

[てくび]

change of state or behavior depending on…. or according to…. (expressing a variety)

….によって

….によっては

baby, infant

赤ん坊

[あかんぼう]

budget

予算

[よさん]

powerful

強力

[きょうりょく]

little finger (pinky), little toe

小指

[こゆび]

parent and child

親子

[おやこ]

by the way… (when switching topics)

ところで

last year (formal, often used in writing)

昨年

[さくねん]

romantic love

恋

[こい]

left and right

左右

[さゆう]

engagement

to get engaged / to be engaged

fiancé

婚約
[こんやく]

婚約する

婚約者
[こんやくしゃ]

awful, dreadful, terrible

恐ろしい

[おそろしい]

common sense, general knowledge

常識

[じょうしき]

hardship, distress

困難

[こんなん]

image

to have an image (of something) / to think of in a certain way

(loan word)

イメージ

イメージする

pride

to be proud of / to take pride in

誇り
[ほこり]

誇りに思う
[ほこりにおもう]

end of the month

月末

[げつまつ]

huge, gigantic

巨大

[きょだい]

desperate

desperately

必死
[ひっし]

必死に

date of birth (for applications, etc.)

生年月日

[せいねんがっぴ]

softly… gently…

to do softly / to be gentle / to do quietly or secretly

そっと

そっとする

garage

車庫

[しゃこ]

how about— why don’t you—

give a suggestion to whomever the sentence is directed

—たらどうだ

—たらどうですか

—たらいかがですか

middle finger

中指

[なかゆび]

distinctive feature, trait

one’s forte, merit

特徴
[とくちょう]

特長
[とくちょう]

a (constructed) structure

構造

[こうぞう]

blossom of youth, adolescence

青春

[せいしゅん]

nail, spike

釘

[くぎ]

photographer, camera man (loan word)

カメラマン

one’s house, one’s home

自宅

[じたく]

abundant, plentiful

豊富

[ほうふ]

the northern part

北部

[ほくぶ]

contractor, vendor

業者

[ぎょうしゃ]

one’s junior (at school, work, etc.)

後輩

[こうはい]

doll

人形

[にんぎょう]

the beginning(s), the origin(s)

始まり

[はじまり]

headphones

ヘッドフォン

tower, steeple, pagoda

塔

[とう]

fuel

燃料

[ねんりょう]

national border

border line (between countries)

国境
[こっきょう]

国境線
[こっきょうせん]

poisoning / addiction to… (as suffix)

中毒

[ちゅうどく]

the whole body

全身

[ぜんしん]

ceremony / an equation

式

[しき]

nerves (in anatomy) / sensitivity

neurosis

high strung, fussy, sensitive (about trivial things)

神経
[しんけい]

神経症
[しんけいしょう]

神経質
[しんけいしつ]

food product(s)

食品

[しょくひん]

tightly… (shut) densely… (packed), crammed in

ぎっしり

denial

to deny / to negate

否定
[ひてい]

否定する

reader

読者

[どくしゃ]

a standard, basis, criterion, norm

基準

[きじゅん]

export

to export (goods, etc.)

輸出
[ゆしゅつ]

輸出する

strengthening

to strengthen / to reinforce / to solidify

強化
[きょうか]

強化する

end, edge, extremity

端

[はし]

finally, after a long time…

in the end something didn’t… (with neg. verbs)

遂に

> [ついに]

stereo (loan word)

ステレオ

and so accordingly… (to continue a conversation after establishing a starting point)

そこで

interpreting

to interpret / to give an oral translation

通訳
[つうやく]

通訳する

aisle, pathway

通路

[つうろ]

I want (someone or something) to….

I want (someone or something) not to….

—(て) ほしい

—(て) もらいたい

—(て) いただきたい

one hand

片手

[かたて]

buddhism

仏教

[ぶっきょう]

public— (e.g. public broadcasting) / community— (run)

公共

[こうきょう]

width, breadth

幅

[はば]

how to write, way of writing

書き方

[かきかた]

head office, headquarters

本社

[ほんしゃ]

refreshed… neatly… (trimmed, etc.) / completely not… (with neg. verb)

to feel refreshed (e.g. after a bath) / to be nice and neat (e.g. after a haircut)

I don’t understand at all!

さっぱり

さっぱりする

さっぱりわからない！

in the beginning… first of all…

始めに

[はじめに]

across (the street, etc.), opposite from

the opposite side

向かい
[むかい]

向かい側

being frugal

to be thrifty / to be frugal / to save (money)

節約
[せつやく]

節約する

preservation, conservation

to preserve (food, etc.) / to conserve (the environment, etc.)

保存
[ほぞん]

保存する

simultaneous, concurrent, at the same time

同時

[どうじ]

ordinal marker (used only before numbers)

第—

[だい—]

bitter

苦い

[にがい]

karate / empty-handed

空手

[からて]

details, particulars

詳細

[しょうさい]

indicates something is roughly the same as….

indicates something is already known to be….

cites something as an example

—ように….

—のように….

hear…. smell… taste…. (grammatical use)

….がする

renewal

to renew / to update (one’s information, etc.)

更新
[こうしん]

更新する

tactics, strategy

作戦

[さくせん]

should do…. it is better to do….

should not…. it is better not to….

(reflects a claim / judgment of the speaker and not any particular rule)

—(る) べきだ

—(る) べきではない

life, existence (formal)

life force, vitality

生命
[せいめい]

生命力
[せいめいりょく]

(audio) recording

to record sound / to make an audio recording

録音
[ろくおん]

録音する

small version, small size (kanji use)

小

[しょう]

thread, yarn

糸

[いと]

putting into practice

to put something in to practice / to execute / to carry out

実行
[じっこう]

実行する

several, multiple / plural (form)

複数

[ふくすう]

public office, government office (as a suffix)

municipal office (city hall)

ward office

役所
[やくしょ]

市役所

区役所

tendency, disposition

傾向

[けいこう]

in the front, forward, ahead

前方

[ぜんぽう]

approaching

to approach (e.g. a storm) / to draw near / to get closer

接近
[せっきん]

接近する

warehouse, storehouse

倉庫

[そうこ]

form, format, a formality

formal (document, etc.)

形式
[けいしき]

形式的

exaggerated

大げさ

[おおげさ]

servicing, maintenance

整備

[せいび]

style, figure (loan word)

スタイル

rabbit

兎

> [うさぎ]

infinity / infinite, endless

無限

[むげん]

gender, (distinction by) sex

性別

[せいべつ]

as a…. as the…. in the role of…. in the capacity of….

from the standpoint of…. from the viewpoint of….

….として

end, point of termination

to terminate / to bring to an end

終了
[しゅうりょう]

終了する

high-priced

高価

[こうか]

spectating

to be a spectator / to look upon / to sightsee

spectator, onlooker

見物
[けんぶつ]

見物する

見物人
[けんぶつにん]

root

根

[ね]

interaction, (social) networking / (cultural) exchange

to interact with / to network / to mingle / to have contact with (other groups)

交流
[こうりゅう]

交流する

club (loan word)

クラブ

do…. before a state / situation changes

while a continuous process is happening…. a change is also happening (usu. on its own)

….うちに

rat, mouse

鼠
> [ねずみ]

ネズミ

large numbers, a lot of (people)

大勢

[おおぜい]

without thinking… unintentionally… reflexively…

思わず

[おもわず]

leadership, guidance

to lead / to provide guidance / to coach or instruct

a leader, guide, mentor, or coach

指導
[しどう]

指導する

指導者
[しどうしゃ]

whisky (loan word)

ウィスキー

disaster

災害

[さいがい]

account, accounting, payment

money owed, bill (after dining, etc.)

check please

会計
[かいけい]

お会計

お会計お願いします

the majority, more than half of / predominately—

大半

[たいはん]

a purchase

to make a purchase (often in formal settings)

購入
[こうにゅう]

購入する

theme, subject matter (loan word)

テーマ

after doing— something else occurs… (verb suffix)

—てから…

x-rays

レントゲン

I don’t mind

it doesn’t matter

構わない
[かまわない]

構いません

in a mess, chaotic, extreme, nonsensical

目茶苦茶
> [めちゃくちゃ]

無茶苦茶
> [むちゃくちゃ]

time difference

時差

[じさ]

daifuku (Japanese rice treat) / good fortune

大福

[だいふく]

Japanese style room

和室

[わしつ]

heavy rain

大雨

[おおあめ]

reception, welcoming (of guests)

to welcome / to receive and greet guests

a welcoming party

歓迎
[かんげい]

歓迎する

歓迎会
[かんげいかい]

one by one, one at a time / each and every person

一人一人

[ひとりひとり]

total darkness / bleak future, poor prospects

真っ暗

[まっくら]

explosion

to explode / to blow up

爆発
[ばくはつ]

爆発する

the beginning (of an event, etc.)

to initiate / to begin / to commence

開始
[かいし]

開始する

(of) nature, naturally produced—

天然

[てんねん]

front cover (of a book, etc.)

表紙

[ひょうし]

by a certain time, before a certain time

までに

even if… supposing that (is the case)…

たとえ

today (formal)

本日

[ほんじつ]

labor

to labor / to do (manual) work

(manual) laborer

労働
[ろうどう]

労働する

労働者

cook (loan word)

chef (loan word)

コック

シェフ

engineer, technician

技師

[ぎし]

the other side, the far side

向こう側

[むこうがわ]

a day trip

to go on a day trip

日帰り
[ひがえり]

日帰りする

a pattern

模様

[もよう]

exploration, expedition

to go exploring / to go on an expedition

探検
[たんけん]

探検する

luxury, extravagance

to splurge / to treat oneself

贅沢
[ぜいたく]

贅沢をする

penis (colloquial uses)

ちんちん

おちんちん

ちんこ

vagina (colloquial, crude)

まんこ

おまんこ

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VOCAB—intermediate 1 Flashcards

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