VERBS—fundamental Flashcards
to share (with others)
to divide out / to split into groups
分ける
[わける] **
tr.
to go to sleep
寝る
[ねる] **
intr.
to begin (something) / to start (something)
始める
[はじめる] **
tr.
to think / to know (honorfic)
ご存知です
[ごぞんじです]
ご存知じゃありません
[ごぞんじじゃありません]
to be on / to be switched on (e.g. a light)
点く
> [つく]
intr.
to permit / to allow / to forgive / to exempt (e.g. from a fine)
許す
[ゆるす]
tr.
赦す
to play
遊ぶ
[あそぶ]
intr.
to add (numbers, ingredients, etc.)
足す
[たす]
tr.
to give to the one who is speaking (honorific)
下さる
> [くださる]
tr.
to give (humble)
差し上げる
[さしあげる] **
tr.
to report / to convey / to transmit or communicate
伝える
[つたえる] **
tr.
to add (things) / to sum up / to include or count in
加える
[くわえる] **
tr.
to buy
買う
[かう]
tr.
to write
書く
[かく]
tr.
to be fixed / to be repaired
直る
[なおる]
intr.
to wear (on feet or legs)
履く
[はく]
tr.
to heal / to be cured
治る
[なおる]
intr.
to be careful about / to pay attention to / to take care
気を付ける
[きをつける] **
tr.
to count
数える
[かぞえる] **
tr.
to notice / to become aware of something
気付く
[きづく]
intr.
to do (humble)
致す
> [いたす]
tr.
to work hard / to do one’s best / to fight!
頑張る
[がんばる]
intr.
to stand / to stand up
to find oneself in a certain position
立つ
[たつ]
intr.
to try / to test out / to taste
試す
[ためす]
tr.
to cry
泣く
[なく]
tr. + intr.
to tidy up / to straighten up (e.g. one’s work desk)
片付ける
[かたづける] **
tr.
to run
走る
[はしる]
intr.
奔る
[はしる]
intr.
to repeat / to do-over
繰り返す
[くりかえす]
tr. + intr.
to confirm / to make sure of
確かめる
[たしかめる] **
tr.
to open something (e.g. a door)
開ける
[あける] **
tr.
to ring / to sound (as in a phone or an alarm)
鳴る
[なる]
intr.
to remove (something) / to take off / to unfasten / to unbutton
外す
[はずす]
tr.
to rent / to borrow (something)
借りる
[かりる] **
tr.
to cause something to occur
to wake somebody up
起こす
[おこす]
tr.
to fall over (accidentally)
転ぶ
[ころぶ]
intr.
to throw away
捨てる
[すてる] **
tr.
to live in
住む
[すむ]
intr.
to go / to come (humble)
参る
[まいる]
intr.
to go down / to drop / to sink lower
下がる
[さがる]
intr.
to send
to spend (esp. in the sense of living one’s life)
送る
[おくる]
tr.
to take out / to extract
to put out / to reveal / to submit
出す
[だす]
tr.
to grill / to roast / to bake / (food, etc.)
焼く
[やく]
tr.
to turn back / to return to (a place one came from)
戻る
[もどる]
intr.
to go
行く
[いく] or [ゆく]
intr.
to hand over / to pass off
渡す
[わたす]
tr.
to wash
洗う
[あらう]
tr.
to get wet
濡れる
[ぬれる] **
intr.
to gather / to assemble
集まる
[あつまる]
intr.
to come to a stop
止まる
[とまる]
intr.
to show / to indicate / to point out something
示す
[しめす]
tr.
to step on / to trample
踏む
[ふむ]
tr.
to put
to do something in advance
置く
[おく]
tr.
to feel sad / to mourn for
悲しむ
[かなしむ]
tr.
to laugh
笑う
[わらう]
intr.
to raise (one’s hand) / to lift (something)
上げる
[あげる] **
tr.
to cure / to heal (an injury, etc.)
治す
[なおす]
tr.
to disappear / to become lost
無くなる
[なくなる]
intr.
to be / to exist (people, animals)
humble
居る
> [おる]
intr.
to refuse / to turn down
断る
[ことわる]
tr.
to open (a book, one’s eyes, etc.)
開く
[ひらく]
tr. + intr.
to differ (from) / to be wrong
違う
[ちがう]
intr.
to look like / to resemble
似る
[にる] **
intr.
似ている
to get angry
怒る
[おこる]
intr.
to say / to tell (honorific)
おっしゃる
tr.
to kill
殺す
[ころす]
tr.
to collect / to gather
集める
[あつめる] **
tr.
to call out to / to summon
呼ぶ
[よぶ]
tr.
喚ぶ
[よぶ]
tr.
to end / to finish
終わる
[おわる]
intr.
to reduce or decrease (something)
減らす
[へらす]
tr.
to descend / to go down (a mountain, etc.)
下る
[くだる]
intr.
to rest
休む
[やすむ]
intr.
to pass away / to die (polite)
亡くなる
[なくなる]
intr.
to help (someone in trouble) / to rescue / to save
to aid / to contribute (financially)
助ける
[たすける] **
tr.
扶ける
to increase (something)
増やす
[ふやす]
tr.
殖やす
to give to the one speaking
くれる **
tr.
to stop doing something / to refrain from a certain action
止める
[やめる] **
tr.
to think about / to consider / to ponder
考える
[かんがえる] **
tr.
to learn (from a teacher) / to take lessons in
習う
[ならう]
tr.
to clutch / to grip / to make sushi or onigiri
握る
[にぎる]
tr.
to drink / to take medicine
飲む
[のむ]
tr.
to ride
乗る
[のる]
intr.
to exist / to be (people, animals)
いる **
to lose weight / to become thin
痩せる
[やせる] **
intr.
to get tired
疲れる
[つかれる] **
intr.
to become
成る
> [なる]
intr.
to break (bones, etc.) / to fold (origami, etc.)
折る
[おる]
tr.
to cross / to go across (a road, a river, etc.)
渡る
[わたる]
intr.
to find something
見つける
[みつける] **
tr.
to dance
踊る
[おどる]
intr.
to recall (a memory) / to recollect
思い出す
[おもいだす]
tr.
to become dry
乾く
[かわく]
intr.
to disappear / to be extinguished / to go out (e.g. the lights)
消える
[きえる] **
intr.
to place on (top of something) / to put on
載せる
[のせる] **
tr.
to receive (humble)
頂く
[いただく]
tr.
to suit / to match well
似合う
[にあう]
intr.
to fish / to go fishing
釣る
> [つる]
tr.
to swim
泳ぐ
[およぐ]
intr.
to erase / to delete / to turn off (power, etc.)
消す
[けす]
tr.
to teach
to tell something
教える
[おしえる] **
tr.
to create / to make
to manufacture / to produce
to create (an artistic work)
作る
[つくる]
tr.
造る
創る
to endeavor / to make efforts
努める
[つとめる] **
tr.
to be hungry
お腹が空く
[おなかがすく]
intr.
to shut / to close (eyes, books, etc.)
閉じる
[とじる] **
tr.
to sting / to stab / to pierce
刺す
[さす]
tr.
to go to and from a place (frequently) / to commute (to school, work, etc.)
通う
[かよう]
intr.
to take / to steal / to be passed something from someone
取る
[とる]
tr.
to think / to know (humble)
存じる
[ぞんじる] **
intr.
存じ上げる
[ぞんじあげる] **
tr.
to meet by chance / to run into / to encounter
出会う
[であう]
intr.
to return home
帰る
[かえる]
intr.
to give back / to return something
返す
[かえす]
tr.
to be delighted / to gladly accept (an offer)
喜ぶ
[よろこぶ]
tr. + intr.
to read
読む
[よむ]
tr.
to go up / to rise
to grow nervous
to be completed in full
上がる
[あがる]
intr.
to be conveyed / to be communicated or transmitted
伝わる
[つたわる]
intr.
to move
動く
[うごく]
intr.
to hang / to cover / to put on / to take time or money / to wear glasses / to dial a phone
(multiple uses as an auxiliary verb)
掛ける
> [かける] **
tr.
to begin / to start
始まる
[はじまる]
intr.
to invite out / to ask out
誘う
[さそう]
tr.
to use
使う
[つかう]
tr.
to search for
探す
[さがす]
tr.
