VERBS—beginner Flashcards
to go away / to leave
去る
[さる]
intr.
to tie (a string, rope, etc.)
to link / to bind
to bring to a close (e.g. a deal)
結ぶ
[むすぶ]
tr.
to be folded / to be snapped / to be broken (bones, etc.)
折れる
[おれる] **
intr.
to feel pain / to hurt / to ache
痛む
[いたむ]
intr.
to go out to meet someone (who is arriving)
迎える
[むかえる] **
tr.
to be popular (especially with the opposite sex)
もてる**
intr.
to mess around / to fool around
ふざける **
intr.
to release / to let go / to set free / to set loose
放す
[はなす]
tr.
to blame / to condemn / to criticize
to pester / to press someone (to do something)
責める
[せめる] **
tr.
to cover up / to cover behind (e.g. a mountain covered with snow)
覆う
[おおう]
tr.
蔽う
to prevent (something) / to defend against (something)
防ぐ
[ふせぐ]
tr.
to spread (information etc.) / to make (something) known
to broaden (e.g. one’s horizons)
広める
[ひろめる] **
tr.
to cut across / to traverse
横切る
[よこぎる]
tr.
to savor / to taste (and appreciate)
to relish (an experience, etc.)
味わう
[あじわう]
tr.
to hit (one’s head, etc.) / to bump / to strike (forcefully)
to express / to vent (one’s anger, etc.)
ぶつける **
tr.
to make money / to earn (income)
稼ぐ
[かせぐ]
intr.
to spread something open / to spread something apart (e.g a napkin on a lap)
広げる
[ひろげる]
tr.
to cool (something) down / to let cool (e.g. one’s food)
冷ます
[さます]
tr.
to surround / to encircle (e.g. a family around a table)
囲む
[かこむ]
tr.
to look at / to see (honorific)
ご覧になる
[ごらんになる]
intr.
to accumulate (money, stress, etc.) / to be stored up (water, etc.)
溜まる
> [たまる]
intr.
to rescue from / to help out of / to save (a drowning person, wild animals, etc.)
救う
[すくう]
tr.
to vomit / to spit up / to belch
to emit / to send forth
to confess / to let out (information)
吐く
[はく]
tr.
to discuss / to talk over
話し合う
[はなしあう]
tr.
to give something / to bestow upon (formal)
与える
[あたえる] **
tr.
to part from (people) / to break up / to be divided
to branch / to fork (roads, etc.) / to split up (into teams, etc.)
別れる
[わかれる] **
intr.
分かれる
[わかれる] **
intr.
to make a round / to go around
巡る
> [めぐる]
intr.
to finish— to do (—) completely (as aux. verb)
—しまう
tr.
to cover with something (with a lid, etc.) / to put on top of
被せる
[かぶせる] **
tr.
to lead a life / to live (in a certain way)
暮らす
[くらす]
intr.
to be apart from / to be kept away or at a distance
to get away from (someone or something)
離れる
[はなれる] **
intr.
to bump into / to collide with
ぶつかる
intr.
to encourage
励ます
[はげます]
tr.
to connect / to fasten / to link together / to put through (a phone call)
繋ぐ
> [つなぐ]
tr.
to close in on / to approach (deadline, due date) / to be imminent
to press someone (for something) / to compel or urge
迫る
[せまる]
tr. + intr.
to pursue / to chase
to drive out / to oust / to expel
追う
[おう]
tr.
逐う
to have another look / to re-examine (one’s view, etc.)
見直す
[みなおす]
tr.
to suffer
苦しむ
[くるしむ]
intr.
to make a payment
支払う
[しはらう]
tr.
to pull (towards) / to drag / to pull tight
引っ張る
[ひっぱる]
tr.
to get tired of / to get bored of / to have enough of
飽きる
[あきる] **
intr.
to have something on one’s mind / to worry about or feel uneasy
気になる
[きになる]
intr.
to leave over / to leave behind / to let remain
to bequeath / to leave behind someone (e.g. after death)
残す
[のこす]
tr.
遺す
[のこす]
tr.
to exceed / to go beyond the normal limits / to transcend
to go over / to cross over / to go across (e.g. go across the border)
超える
[こえる] **
intr.
越える
[こえる] **
intr.
to pull out / to unplug / to extract / to masturbate?
抜く
[ぬく]
tr.
to be involved with / to affected / to be influenced by
to have to do with / to be concerned with
関わる
[かかわる]
intr.
係わる
[かかわる]
intr.
to order / to command / to appoint
命じる
[めいじる] **
tr.
to catch a cold
風邪を引く
[かぜをひく]
intr.
to reveal (something) / to display (something) / to show something
to express (something) / to make apparent / to signify
現す
[あらわす]
tr.
表す
[あらわす]
tr.
to overflow / to flood / to brim over
溢れる
> [あふれる] **
intr.
to entrust to / to leave it to / to rely on someone else (to complete a task, etc.)
任せる
[まかせる] **
tr.
to raise / to bring up (a child)
育てる
[そだてる] **
tr.
to punch
殴る
[なぐる]
tr.
to hold or carry in one’s arms
抱える
[かかえる] **
tr.
to load (a car, ship, etc.) / to pack up
to pile up / to stack something
積む
[つむ]
tr.
to crush / to smash something (e.g. a plastic bottle)
潰す
[つぶす]
tr.
to paint / to plaster / to color
塗る
[ぬる]
tr.
to spread (rumors, diseases, etc.) / to get around
広まる
[ひろまる]
intr.
to put something away (e.g. in a bag) / to store
to put an end to / to finish off
仕舞う
[しまう]
tr.
to be torn / to be ripped (open)
破れる
[やぶれる] **
intr.
to be silent / to shut (one’s mouth)
黙る
[だまる]
intr.
to contain / to include
含む
[ふくむ]
intr.
to be crushed / to be smashed / to collapse
to become useless / to cease functioning
潰れる
[つぶれる]
intr.
to inquire about
尋ねる
[たずねる] **
tr.
to aim for / to aim at (when shooting, throwing, etc.)
狙う
[ねらう]
tr.
to eat (casual language)
食う
[くう]
tr.
to cool down (in the refrigerator, etc.) / to chill (a drink, etc.)
冷やす
[ひやす]
tr.
to hit (a target, etc.)
to guess (correctly) / to hit the jackpot
to press something against / to apply (a patch)
当てる
[あてる] **
tr.
to wage war / to battle against / to combat
to struggle (against adversities, etc.) / to fight / to resist
戦う
[たたかう]
intr.
闘う
[たたかう]
intr.
to make (the best) use of / to capitalize on / to leverage (skills, etc.)
生かす
[いかす]
tr.
to celebrate
祝う
[いわう]
tr.
to appear / to emerge / to show up
現れる
[あらわれる] **
intr.
to make utmost efforts / to devote (oneself) to
尽くす
[つくす]
intr.
to kick
蹴る
[ける]
tr.
足で蹴る
to take in and accept (letters, etc.)
to take in or interpret (words, gestures, etc.)
受け取る
[うけとる]
tr.
to chop / to mince / to cut finely / to shred
刻む
[きざむ]
tr.
to be lazy / to neglect (one’s work, etc.)
怠ける
[なまける] **
tr. + intr.
to be reflected (in) / to be reflected (on) / to appear
to be photographed / to come out (in a photo)
映る
[うつる]
intr.
写る
[うつる]
intr.
to measure (dimensions)
to calculate (time, extent, etc.)
to weigh
測る
[はかる]
tr.
計る
量る
to relate to / to have to do with / regarding…
関する
[かんする]
to offer / to send (as a present or gift) / to give
贈る
[おくる]
tr.
to lift up / to raise
to flatter / to lift up (emotionally)
持ち上げる
[もちあげる] **
tr.
to come over for a visit / to come to play
to go over for a visit / to go to hang out
遊びに来る
[あそびにくる]
intr.
遊びに行く
[あそびにいく]
intr.
to go out with / to be seeing someone / to socialize with
付き合う
[つきあう]
intr.
to substitute for (something else)
代える
[かえる] **
tr.
to follow along / to move along or beside (a river, etc.)
to live up to or satisfy expectations / to follow a plan / to act in accordance with
沿う
[そう]
intr.
添う
> [そう]
intr.
to decorate
飾る
[かざる]
tr.
to catch (a criminal, etc.) / to seize / to trap (an animal, etc.)
捕まえる
[つかまえる] **
tr.
to freeze / to be frozen over
凍る
[こおる]
intr.
to give birth / to spawn / to produce (something)
生む
[うむ]
tr.
to heighten (something) / to boost / to enhance
高める
[たかめる] **
tr.
to stand out (in a crowd, etc.) / to be conspicuous
目立つ
[めだつ]
intr.
to come out / to come loose / to be removed
to leave (a group, a meeting, etc.)
抜ける
[ぬける] **
intr.
to melt (something) / to dissolve / to thaw out
溶かす
[とかす]
tr.
to feel sick (e.g. motion sickness) / to become nauseated / to become inebriated
to get drunk
酔う
[よう]
intr.
お酒に酔う
to increase / to intensify / to build up
高まる
[たかまる]
intr.
to lodge / to stay at (a hotel)
泊まる
[とまる]
intr.
to attain / to get up to / to reach (a certain level, an expectation, etc.)
達する
[たっする]
to draw / to paint / to sketch
描く
[えがく]
tr.
to stuff (something) / to pack in / to cram in
詰める
[つめる] **
tr.
to be connected / to be linked (e.g. phone lines)
to have a relationship with
繋がる
> [つながる]
intr.
to keep / to preserve / to retain (e.g. one’s youth) / to maintain / to hold on to / to endure
保つ
[たもつ]
tr. + intr.
to differ
異なる
[ことなる]
intr.
to spill (something)
to grumble / to complain / to let one’s feelings show
零す
[こぼす]
tr.
to go straight and hit / to strike
to be on point / to be successful
当たる
[あたる]
intr.
to hire / to employ
to be hired
雇う
[やとう]
tr.
雇われる
to be stretched / to be lengthened / to be growing (hair, etc.)
to be postponed / to be prolonged
伸びる
[のびる] **
intr.
延びる
[のびる] **
intr.
to grow dark
to come to the end
暮れる
[くれる] **
intr.
to inquire / to ask about / to question (something)
問う
[とう]
tr.
to plant / to grow something
植える
[うえる] **
tr.
to put on top of another / to pile up (luggage) / to add layers
to repeat many times over
重ねる
[かさねる] **
tr.
to mind (with a neg. nuance) / to pay undue attention to something
気にする
[きにする]
to be / copula (humble)
でござる
to keep a pet / to raise / to feed
飼う
[かう]
tr.
to calm down / to settle down (e.g. one’s schedule) / to regain (one’s composure)
落ち着く
[おちつく]
intr.
to move on (to the next stage) / to change the object of one’s interest / to transfer (to another department, etc.)
移す
[うつす]
tr.
遷す
to seek out / to yearn for / to go after
求める
[もとめる] **
tr.
to give up / to abandon (hope)
諦める
[あきらめる] **
tr.
to notify
知らせる
[しらせる] **
tr.
to be / copula (honorific)
でいらっしゃる
to finish up (something)
終える
[おえる] **
tr.
to jump out (into the street, etc.) / to rush out / to protrude / to come unexpectedly
飛び出す
[とびだす]
intr.
to amass / to accumulate something / to collect and store (water in a tub, etc.)
to save money (in a bank account)
溜める
> [ためる] **
tr.
貯める
[ためる] **
tr.
to shout / to yell
叫ぶ
[さけぶ]
intr.
to come to / to reach (a decision, compromise, etc.)
至る
[いたる]
intr.
to exceed (something) / to surpass (something)
to go over (a mountain, etc.) / to cross over / to move (house)
超す
[こす]
tr.
越す
[こす]
tr.
to produce / to yield / to cause
to come about / to arise / to result from / to be generated
(informal and formal forms)
生じる
[しょうじる] **
tr. + intr.
生ずる
[しょうずる]
tr. + intr.
to praise / to speak well of someone
褒める
[ほめる] **
tr.
to take effect (as in medicine) / to be effective
to work (in the expected manner) / to carry out a function well / to be dominant (in a hand)
効く
[きく]
intr.
利く
[きく]
intr.
to comfort / to console (someone who is grieving, etc.)
慰める
[なぐさめる] **
tr.
to be surprised / to be astonished
驚く
[おどろく]
intr.
to flow (water, music, time etc.) / to be washed away
流れる
[ながれる] **
intr.
to join in / to take part in (a group effort)
to be added to
加わる
[くわわる]
intr.
to slip / to slide
滑る
[すべる]
intr.
to pass / to elapse (esp. time)
経つ
[たつ]
intr.
to care about / to mind
構う
[かまう]
tr. + intr.
to be piled up / to lie on top of one another
to come one after another / to overlap
重なる
[かさなる]
intr.
to go near (something) / to approach
to keep away from something (when neg.)
近寄る
[ちかよる]
tr.
to use in order to convey something (e.g. a certain word)
用いる
[もちいる] **
tr.
to move forward / to advance (an idea, etc.) / to go ahead with (a plan, etc.)
進める
[すすめる] **
tr.
to smell / to sniff
嗅ぐ
[かぐ]
tr.
to resign / to quit / to leave one’s job
辞める
[やめる] **
tr.
to be caught / to be seized / to be arrested
捕まる
[つかまる]
intr.
to be fond of / to prefer
好む
[このむ]
tr.
to pray / to wish for
祈る
[いのる]
tr.
to be transferred to (a new department, etc.) / to pass on to (a new topic, etc.)
移る
[うつる]
intr.
遷る
to rob / to snatch away / to take by force
奪う
[うばう]
tr.
to interchange / to convert (to something else)
to exchange / to replace (one thing with something else)
換える
[かえる] **
tr.
替える
[かえる] **
tr.
to tear (book pages, etc.)
to break (a promise, etc.)
to defeat an enemy / to breach
破る
[やぶる]
tr.
to follow (the rules) / to obey (instructions)
to accompany / to be in accordance with / to be in consequence of (grammatical form)
従う
[したがう]
intr.
to be based on
基づく
[もとづく]
intr.
to keep watch over (attentively)
見守る
[みまもる]
tr.
to do over again
やり直す
[やりなおす]
tr.
to wound or injure / to damage / to hurt (one’s feelings)
傷付ける
[きずつける] **
tr.
to be brought up (by parents) / to grow up
育つ
[そだつ]
intr.
to be hidden / to hide away
隠れる
[かくれる] **
intr.
to state (a fact, an opinion, etc.) / to remark / to mention
述べる
[のべる] **
tr.
to scratch
to shovel / to paddle (water)
搔く
> [かく]
tr.
to roll up / to wrap
巻く
[まく]
tr.
to wave (a hand, a flag) / to wag (a tail)
to sprinkle on (salt, etc.)
to reject (a girlfriend) / to turn down / to discard
振る
[ふる]
tr.
to pour into / to fill up / to water something / to sprinkle on / to concentrate one’s spirit
to pour / to fill / to serve (usu. related to food and drink)
注ぐ
[そそぐ]
tr.
注ぐ
> [つぐ]
tr.
to see someone off (at a station, etc.) / to escort home
見送る
[みおくる]
tr.
to run (water) / to flush (a toilet) / to drain / to wash away
流す
[ながす]
tr.
to knock down (a tree, etc.) / to overthrow (e.g. a government)
倒す
[たおす]
tr.
to make an attack / to assault
攻める
[せめる] **
tr.
to provide for (the future, etc.) / to prepare for (an emergency, etc.)
to equip / to install something (in preparation)
備える
[そなえる] **
tr.
具える
[そなえる] **
tr.
to recommend / to suggest / to advise / to offer (food, etc.)
to give a referral
to offer a scholarship
勧める
[すすめる] **
tr.
薦める
奨める
to melt / to dissolve / to thaw out
溶ける
[とける] **
intr.
to pass through / to stick through / to cause to move through
通す
[とおす]
tr.
to spread out / to extend (to different areas)
広がる
[ひろがる]
intr.
to set something apart / to let go of / to take one’s eyes or hands off
離す
[はなす]
tr.
to awaken / to regain consciousness
覚ます
[さます]
tr.
醒ます
覚める
[さめる] **
intr.
醒める
ｓ
to sink / to go to the bottom
to feel downcast or depressed
沈む
[しずむ]
intr.
to accompany / to entail / to go hand and hand with
伴う
[ともなう]
intr.
to face (each other) / to be in response to / to be directed towards (the future, etc.)
対する
[たいする]
to grow / to spring up / to sprout (esp. plants)
to grow (beard) / to come in (teeth)
生える
[はえる] **
intr.
to bend (something)
曲げる
[まげる] **
tr.
to be in excess / to be too much
余る
[あまる]
intr.
to be substituted for / to take the place of
代わる
[かわる]
intr.
to avoid (a situation) / to evade
to avoid physical contact with / to dodge
避ける
[さける] **
tr.
避ける
> [よける] **
tr.
to make noise / to be (overly) excited or rowdy
騒ぐ
[さわぐ]
intr.
to pair up / to partner with
to cross (legs or arms) / to link / to unite
to put together
組む
[くむ]
tr. + intr.
to pull out / to take something out
to withdraw (cash)
引き出す
[ひきだす]
tr.
to shine / to glitter / to sparkle
輝く
[かがやく]
intr.
to be taught (by) / to learn (from)
教わる
[おそわる]
intr.
to come off (e.g. a button from a shirt) / to get disconnected / to go off target
外れる
[はずれる] **
intr.
to become cold (from a refrigerator, etc.) / to cool down
冷える
[ひえる] **
intr.
to rely on / to depend on
頼る
[たよる]
intr.
to stretch (muscles, etc.) / to reach out
to grow long (beard, hair, etc.)
伸ばす
[のばす]
tr.
to obtain / to gain / to acquire / to earn
to be able to / can… (verb suffix)
得る
[える] **
tr.
得る
[うる] **
to make fun of / to tease
からかう
tr.
to be (all) together / to become complete (as a group or set)
(e.g. a family eating together)
そろう
intr.
to doubt / to suspect (someone)
疑う
[うたがう]
tr.
to project (an image) / to reflect / to cast a shadow
to duplicate / to trace / to copy (another’s work)
映す
[うつす]
tr.
写す
[うつす]
tr.
to include (something)
含める
[ふくめる] **
tr.
to prepare ahead of time / to set up / to establish
設ける
[もうける] **
tr.
to tell a lie
嘘をつく
[うそをつく]
tr.
to be sleeping (deeply)
眠る
[ねむる]
intr.
to comply with / to meet demands / to answer a request
応じる
[おうじる] **
intr.
to have / to be there / to exist (for inanimate things)
humble
ござる
intr.
