VERBS—intermediate 1 Flashcards
to be amazed / to be stunned by / to be astonished
呆れる
[あきれる] **
intr.
to call on someone who is ill
見舞う
[みまう]
tr.
to illuminate / to shine on
照らす
[てらす]
tr.
to be wild / to get rough (the weather, etc.)
荒れる
[あれる] **
intr.
to feel pressured / to feel hurried / to be anxious (to do)
焦る
[あせる]
intr.
to hold (open) an umbrella / to hold something over one’s head / to extend one’s arm
差す
[さす]
tr.
to stretch out / to hold out / to present / to extend (a hand for shaking, etc.)
差し出す
[さしだす]
tr.
to be sunny / to clear up (e.g. stop raining)
晴れる
[はれる] **
intr.
to stroke / to pet (an animal) / to caress
撫でる
[なでる] **
tr.
to rank next / to come next / to be the next (best, etc.)
次ぐ
[つぐ]
intr.
to be prolonged / to drag on
長引く
[ながびく]
intr.
to prohibit / to ban something
禁じる
[きんじる] **
tr.
to well up (with emotion)
to gush forth (water, etc.) / to spring out / to surge
湧く
[わく]
intr.
to smell (pleasant) / to be fragrant
to smell (bad) / to stink
匂う
[におう]
intr.
臭う
[におう]
intr.
to fold (clothes, bedding)
畳む
[たたむ]
tr.
to lose (an object) / to get rid of something
to lose (in death) / to suffer the death of another person
無くす
> [なくす]
tr.
亡くす
[なくす]
tr.
to take a breath
息を吸う
[いきをすう]
tr.
to wring out (a towel, etc.) / to squeeze
to extract (juices) / to squeeze something in order to make liquid (a fruit, etc.)
絞る
[しぼる]
tr.
搾る
[しぼる]
tr.
to bark / to roar / to howl
吠える
[ほえる] **
intr.
to support / to sustain / to bear (one’s weight, etc.) / to hold in check
支える
[ささえる] **
tr.
to stiffen / to tighten up / to strain / to stretch
to put up (a tent)
張る
[はる]
intr.
to crush / to break / to smash something (into small pieces)
砕く
[くだく]
tr.
to squat down / to crouch
しゃがむ
intr.
to be crushed / to break (into pieces) / to crumble
砕ける
[くだける] **
intr.
to be complete / to be settled
to feel at ease (‘excuse me’ when in the neg. form)
済む
[すむ]
intr.
to yearn after / to long for
to have a romantic notion of
憧れる
[あこがれる] **
intr.
to lead / to conduct / to take (along)
連れる
[つれる] **
tr. + intr.
to turn something towards / to point (something at) / to aim (using something)
向ける
[むける]
tr.
to surprise (someone) / to give a surprise / to frighten
驚かす
[おどろかす]
tr.
to call for someone (esp. on a phone) / to summon
呼び出す
[よびだす]
to pinch / to get something caught (in) / to put in between
to be on either side of (a table, a road, etc.)
挟む
[はさむ]
tr.
to account for (a percentage of something, etc.) / to make up (a group)
to occupy (a position) / to hold (a rank)
占める
[しめる] **
tr.
to make (something) uniform / to put (something) in order / to gather together
揃える
> [そろえる] **
tr.
to perform (a play) / to play or act (a part in a movie, etc.)
演じる
[えんじる] **
tr.
to stare at (a person) / to gaze at (a painting, etc.) / to fix one’s eyes on
見つめる
[みつめる] **
tr.
to pile up / to accumulate (e.g. snow)
積もる
[つもる]
intr.
to look out over / to survey (a landscape, a scene, etc.) / to take an extensive view of
見渡す
[みわたす]
tr.
to burn something
燃やす
[もやす]
tr.
to be chipped / to be damaged / to be broken
to be lacking / to be missing
欠ける
[かける] **
intr.
to vow / to swear / to make an oath / to take a pledge
誓う
[ちかう]
tr.
to behave violently / to rage / to be riotous
暴れる
[あばれる] **
intr.
to appear in print / to be published
載る
[のる]
intr.
to translate
訳す
[やくす]
tr.
to hold (something) down / to pin down / to hold back / to hold open (a door, etc.)
to suppress / bring under control / to contain (secret information, etc.)
押さえる
[おさえる] **
tr.
抑える
[おさえる] **
tr.
to be proud of (something) / to pride oneself on / to boast about (a skill, etc.)
誇る
[ほこる]
tr.
to go mad (insane)
to go out of order (machinery, etc.)
狂う
[くるう]
intr.
to rub / to massage / to knead
揉む
[もむ]
tr.
to simmer (vegetables, etc.)
煮る
[にる] **
tr.
to shrink / to contract / to diminish in size
to be shortened / to be contracted / to become shrunken
縮む
[ちぢむ]
intr.
縮まる
[ちぢまる]
intr.
to beckon to / to call someone in / to call someone over / to invite
招く
[まねく]
tr.
to stand up (emphatically) / to rise up / to take action
立ち上がる
[たちあがる]
intr.
to be full of (ambition, etc.) / to be filled with
to wax (moon) / to rise (tide)
満ちる
[みちる] **
intr.
to flatter someone (by giving compliments, etc.)
おだてる **
tr.
to smile
微笑む
[ほほえむ]
intr.
to meet / to encounter / to get caught in (usu. with neg. connotation)
遭う
[あう]
intr.
to go against / to disobey / to defy / to oppose
逆らう
[さからう]
intr.
to dawn / to break into daylight / to begin or end (used for events, seasons, etc.)
明ける
[あける] **
intr.
to get damp / to be moist / to be wet
to be in low spirits / to be depressed (usu. when conjugated)
湿る
[しめる]
intr.
to embrace (with affection) / to harbor a dream or ambition / to bear a grudge
to hold someone close / to spoon with / to have sex with
抱く
[いだく]
tr.
抱く
[だく]
tr.
to scatter / to sprinkle (with)
to distribute (flyers, etc.)
to plant seeds / to sow
まく
tr.
to become cloudy / to become overcast
曇る
[くもる]
intr.
to reverberate (with sound) / to vibrate / to echo
響く
[ひびく]
intr.
to beat (another team, etc.) / to beat up / to do away with or finish off
やっつける **
tr.
to belong to / to be a member (of a group)
属する
[ぞくする]
to reach / to come up to / to amount to / to extend to / to be up to (a task, etc.)
及ぶ
[およぶ]
intr.
to fill (a bowl) / to dish out food
/ to give a large helping
to heap / to pile up
盛る
[もる]
intr.
to become broken (in pieces) / to be split / to be divided
割れる
[われる] **
intr.
to turn (something) over / to turn inside out
裏返す
[うらがえす]
tr.
to sweat / to perspire
to be sweaty
汗をかく
[あせをかく]
intr.
汗ばむ
[あせばむ]
intr.
to compete / to contend / to contest / to quarrel
to dispute / to deny (evidence, etc.)
争う
[あらそう]
intr.
to attack / to raid / to strike / to hunt down
襲う
[おそう]
tr.
to scold / to reprimand
叱る
> [しかる]
tr.
to move something out of the way / to move something aside
どける **
tr.
to shrink / to shorten / to reduce (time, size, etc.)
縮める
[ちぢめる] **
tr.
to reform / to change for the better
to do (more) formally / to do in the proper way
改める
[あらためる] **
tr.
to spoil (someone) / to pamper
甘やかす
[あまやかす]
tr.
to thrust into / to cram into
to plunge into / to go in deeply
突っ込む
[つっこむ]
tr.
to torment (someone) / to harass / to cause suffering
苦しめる
[くるしめる] **
tr.
to poke / to prick / to jab / to thrust / to ram / to shoot (pool, etc.)
to poke (repeatedly, lightly) / to nudge / to peck at (one’s food, etc.)
突く
> [つく]
tr.
突く
> [つつく]
tr.
to want (when in the 3rd person)
欲しがる
[ほしがる]
tr.
to gaze at
眺める
[ながめる] **
tr.
to take care of / to look after / to hold on to (something for someone)
預かる
[あずかる]
tr.
to solve (a problem) / to clear up (a matter) / to dispel (doubts)
to untie (shoelaces) / to unravel / to unfasten
解く
[とく]
tr.
解く
> [ほどく]
tr.
to deepen (understanding, knowledge, etc.) / to heighten (something) / to intensify
深める
[ふかめる] **
tr.
to get drunk
酔っ払う
[よっぱらう]
intr.
to take out / to pull out / to pick out / to retrieve from
取り出す
[とりだす]
tr.
to be in a mess / to lie scattered around
散らかる
[ちらかる]
intr.
to compensate for (e.g. one’s lack of experience)
to supplement / to replenish
補う
[おぎなう]
tr.
to tap / to pat / to clap / to strike
to play the drums
叩く
[たたく]
tr.
to punish / to penalize
罰する
[ばっする]
tr.
to dig / to unearth / to excavate
掘る
[ほる]
tr.
to mix together / to stir / to blend (something)
to mix (groups of people, etc.)
混ぜる
[まぜる] **
tr.
交ぜる
[まぜる] **
tr.
to come together (on an agreement, etc.)
to be collected / to be put together
まとまる
intr.
to boil something in hot water
茹でる
> [ゆでる] **
tr.
to dry (something) / to dry out (clothes, etc.)
乾かす
[かわかす]
tr.
to shake / to quake / to tremble
揺れる
[ゆれる] **
to come off / to be removed to be extracted from
to be harvested
取れる
[とれる] **
intr.
to play a stringed instrument or the piano
弾く
[ひく]
tr.
to lick
舐める
[なめる] **
tr.
to crumble / to collapse / to come apart
崩れる
[くずれる] **
intr.
to build something / to construct something
to stand something up / to erect (an object)
建てる
[たてる] **
tr.
立てる
[たてる] **
tr.
to communicate with / to make oneself understood
to be open to (traffic, etc.) / to flow through / to get through to
通じる
[つうじる] **
intr.
to be spilled
零れる
[こぼれる] **
intr.
to compare to / to liken to (as an example) / to speak figuratively
例える
[たとえる] **
tr.
喩える
to scatter / to be dispersed / to fall (leaves, etc.)
散る
[ちる]
intr.
to draw (something) near to / to pull closer to
寄せる
[よせる] **
tr.
to be solved / to be resolved / to be cleared of misunderstandings
to come untied / to loosened
解ける
[とける] **
intr.
to grab / to seize / to take hold of
to grasp (a concept) / to comprehend something
掴む
> [つかむ]
tr.
摑む
to cool off (in temperature)
to cool down (in terms of mood, feelings, etc.)
冷める
[さめる] **
intr.
to exclude / to make an exception of…
to remove / to eliminate / to eradicate
除く
[のぞく]
tr.
to achieve (a result) / to dedicate / to make an offering
to pay taxes / to pay fees etc.
収める
[おさめる] **
tr.
納める
[おさめる] **
tr.
to be put in order / to be clean and finished (e.g. a desk, one’s work, etc.)
片付く
[かたづく]
intr.
to deepen / to become deeper
深まる
[ふかまる]
intr.
to get done with / to get through with (homework, a meal, etc.)
済ませる
[すませる] **
tr.
to spend / to consume / to devote (time, one’s income, etc.)
to squander / to waste / to throw away
費やす
[ついやす]
tr.
to come all the way (from somewhere) / to turn up (where someone is)
やって来る
[やってくる]
intr.
to require (money, etc.) / to need (a certain amount of time, etc.) / to demand for
要する
[ようする]
tr.
to be of use / to come in handy / to benefit (be or provide a benefit to) / to serve a purpose
役立つ
[やくだつ]
intr.
to miss (a train, bus, etc.)
乗り遅れる
[のりおくれる] **
intr.
to threaten (someone) / to intimidate / to scare
脅かす
[おどかす]
tr.
嚇かす
脅す
[おどす]
tr.
嚇す
to inquire about / to seek information
問い合わせる
[といあわせる] **
tr.
to be superior to / to excel / to surpass
優れる
[すぐれる] **
intr.
to hang something out to dry / to air out
干す
[ほす]
tr.
to make a sound with (something)
鳴らす
[ならす]
tr.
to cry, to sing, to bark, to meow (to make an animal noise)
鳴く
[なく]
tr. + intr.
to dive / to go under the water
to go under / to pass under / to evade / to get around (the rules, etc.)
潜る
[もぐる]
intr.
潜る
> [くぐる]
intr.
to swell / to expand / to become inflated
膨らむ
[ふくらむ]
intr.
to gather / to pick (mushrooms, etc.)
採る
[とる]
tr.
to be touching (something) / to come in contact with
to be touched by something (emotionally)
触れる
[ふれる] **
intr.
to be inferior to / to be worse than
劣る
[おとる]
intr.
to point at / to point to (using a finger)
指差す
[ゆびさす]
tr.
to slip off / to deviate or shift (position) / to be out of alignment
to be out of sync / to be off-point
ずれる **
intr.
to whisper / to murmur
囁く
> [ささやく]
intr.
to shoulder / to carry a load
担ぐ
[かつぐ]
tr.
to slack off / to ditch / to skip (school or work)
サボる
intr.
to take from / to confiscate
to pick up / to take up
to take up (an offer, etc.) / to listen to / to adopt
取り上げる
[とりあげる] **
tr.
to harden something / to strengthen / to fortify / to solidify
固める
[かためる] **
tr.
to wither / to wilt / to die (plant or tree)
枯れる
[かれる] **
intr.
to increase / to rise (in level, amount, etc.)
増す
[ます]
tr. + intr.
to scrape / to shave down / to sharpen (e.g. a pencil)
to cut back on / to reduce (expenses, etc.)
削る
[けずる]
tr.
to throw (a far distance) / to fling / to toss
to throw away / to discard (esp. in kansai)
放る
[ほうる]
tr.
to be contrary to / to contradict to be inconsistent with
to act contrary to / to go against (one’s morals, etc.)
反する
[はんする]
intr.
to be stuck (by a pointed object) / to be stung / to prick / to pierce
刺さる
[ささる]
intr.
to be blessed with / to be fortunate / to be rich in / to be endowed with
恵まれる
[めぐまれる] **
intr.
to bury (in the ground, etc.) / to fill up / to fill in / to plug
to fill (a place) with things or people / to cover totally (face with one’s hands, etc.)
埋める
[うめる] **
tr.
埋める
[うずめる] **
tr.
to be burnt / to be set on fire
燃える
[もえる] **
tr.
to polish / to grind / to brush
磨く
[みがく]
tr.
to omit / to leave out / to exclude
省く
[はぶく]
tr.
to give / to hand over / to cede (possession)
譲る
[ゆずる]
tr.
to have an interest in (something) / to be interested in someone (e.g. romantically) / to feel inclined toward (doing something)
気がある
[きがある]
intr.
to twist / to wrench / to turn a (circular) switch on or off
捻る
> [ひねる]
tr.
to be arranged / to be ready / to be in good order (e.g. in preparation for a party)
整う
[ととのう]
intr.
to make a wrong decision / to mistake (in thinking, etc.) / to err
誤る
[あやまる]
tr. + intr.
to take in (new ideas) / to adopt (a new stance)
取り入れる
[とりいれる] **
tr.
to be blended / to be stirred / to get mixed together
to be mingled / to be mixed in (with other people, etc.)
混じる
[まじる]
intr.
交じる
[まじる]
intr.
to serve as / to fill the role of / to perform the duty of
to work for / to be employed at
務める
[つとめる] **
tr.
勤める
[つとめる] **
tr.
to satisfy / to fulfill / to appease / to meet (requirements, etc.)
満たす
[みたす]
tr.
to look up (in an upward direction)
to look up to (to admire)
見上げる
[みあげる] **
tr.
to come off / to become detached / to be removed
取れる
[とれる] **
tr. + intr.
to put (feeling, emotion etc.) into
to load a gun
込める
[こめる] **
tr.
to wipe / to dry up
拭く
[ふく]
tr.
to strive for / to work towards / to plot out (a goal)
図る
[はかる]
tr.
to serve two functions simultaneously / to combine (two things at once)
兼ねる
[かねる] **
tr.
to nod
to bow one’s head (in agreement or affirmation)
頷く
[うなずく]
tr.
肯く
[うなずく]
tr.
to be flustered / to lose one’s presence of mind
慌てる
[あわてる] **
intr.
to shave
剃る
[そる]
tr.
to roll / to roll over
転がる
[ころがる]
intr.
to tilt or lean toward / to be disposed to (a certain side, etc.)
to decline / to go down (the sun, etc.) / to tilt or lean
傾く
[かたむく]
intr.
to be clogged up / to be stuffed up / to be blocked
to be full (schedule, etc.) / to be packed with (meetings, etc.)
詰まる
[つまる]
intr.
to assemble (e.g. Ikea furniture) / to set up / to put together
組み立てる
[くみたてる] **
tr.
to drown
to be drowned in / to (over) indulge in something or do excessively
溺れる
[おぼれる] **
intr.
to tremble (with fear, in the cold, etc.) / to shiver / to shake
震える
[ふるえる] **
intr.
to bully / to torment / to tease / to chastise
虐める
> [いじめる] **
tr.
苛める
to catch (a cold, etc.) / to come down with (an illness) / to suffer from (pains)
罹る
> [かかる]
intr.
to sue
to appeal to (reason, emotions, etc.) / to play on one’s sympathies
to bring to someone’s attention / to complain
訴える
[うったえる] **
tr.
to float
浮く
[うく]
intr.
to be caused by / to be due to
to be based on / to depend on
(usu. grammatical)
よる
intr.
to consist of (e.g. Japan consists of four main islands) / to be made up of / to depend on
成り立つ
[なりたつ]
tr. + intr.
to apply / to sign up for / to subscribe / to propose
to propose marriage
申し込む
[もうしこむ]
tr.
結婚を申し込む
[けっこんをもうしこむ]
tr.
to line things up / to arrange in a line
並べる
[ならべる] **
tr.
to fly (something) / to let fly
to skip over / to omit
飛ばす
[とばす]
tr.
to be completed / to be all finished / to be ready (to eat, etc.)
出来上がる
[できあがる]
intr.
to betray / to double-cross / to sell someone out
裏切る
[うらぎる]
tr.
to peel (fruit, etc.) / to skin
剥く
> [むく]
tr.
剝く
to put (something) into disorder / to destroy / to tear down
to change money into smaller denominations (break a bill)
崩す
[くずす]
tr.
to return / to go back (to a point)
返る
[かえる]
intr.
to make a mess / to scatter (things) around
散らかす
[ちらかす]
tr.
to harden / to solidify / to become firm
固まる
[かたまる]
intr.
to transfer (at a station) / to change (train lines, buses etc.)
乗り換える
[のりかえる] **
tr.
to bind / to tie up
縛る
[しばる]
tr.
to put (something) into a hole / to insert so that there is a snug fit (a ring, gloves, frame etc.)
to have sex / to fuck (colloquially)
はめる **
tr.
to examine (medically)
診る
> [みる] **
tr.
to lack
to chip / to nick / to crack
欠く
[かく]
tr.
to have an abundance of something / to be rich in something / to abound with
富む
[とむ]
intr.
to be held on to / to be seized
to be grasped or comprehended
掴まる
> [つかまる]
intr.
摑まる
to fire (a gun) / to shoot / to attack
撃つ
[うつ]
tr.
to commit (a crime) / to break (a rule) / to violate / to make a serious mistake
to assault / to rape
犯す
[おかす]
tr.
to rot / to go bad (fruit, milk, etc.)
腐る
[くさる]
intr.
to deceive / to trick / to cheat
だます
tr.
to look forward to something
楽しみにする
[たのしみにする]
to seem / to appear
to be likely / to be inferable / to be believable
思える
[おもえる] **
intr.
