Vocab 9 Flashcards
Andrew Jackson
Who- Politician, President, War General
What- Was very important in his advocacy for state rights, and the battle between the Native Americans and USA for land.
Where- USA
When- March 15, 1767 - June 8, 1845
Why- He became very popular during the War of 1812 because of his victory in New Orleans which changed the war and was then voted president after due to his popularity during the war. He did a lot of awful things to Native Americans.
Daniel Webster
Who- Conservative delegate of Massachusetts
What- Oppsed changes to voting laws because “power naturally and necessarily follows property” and believed the ownership of property should influence politics.
Where- Massachusetts, USA
When- 1820
Why- His ideas reflected the conservative view of the new constitution that said people had to pay taxes to vote. This is important because many”radicals” at the time wanted to make the voting laws less strict.
Dorr Rebellion
Who- Thomas W. Dorr, the people of Rohde Island
What- Dorr drafted a new Rohde Island constitution because the old one was restrictive and didn’t allow for any reforms. People liked it better so they voted for it. This led to arguments over the legitimacy of Dorr’s constitution because he and his followers were now claiming that he was the governor of Rhode Island. He was sent to jail with many of his followers by the old state governor, but his rebellion did result in a change in the state constitution.
Where- Rohde Island, USA
When- 1840
Why- This is important because this rebellion got the state gov to change due to the people’s popular vote for change in the constitution.
Democrats
Who- Andrew Jackson
What- Democrats in this era wanted to expand voting so that more people could vote. They also had populist ideas and wanted to give the ordinary man more say in politics.
Where- USA
When- 1820’s
Why- The country was evolving into a two-party system and this was the second party that became popular because it involved the ordinary man.
Spoils System
Who- Andrew Jackson, Gov. Officials in office
What- A system that was based on putting people in office based on if they supported the winner of whoever was in the executive office.
Where- USA
When- 1829
Why- Jackson believed that the government positions should be rotating and that ordinary people with merit should be able to hold them.
Whigs
Who- Henry Clay, Daniel Webster
What- Opposing party to the Democrats. Supported a strong federal gov, for the economy, and favored a national bank.
Where- USA
When- 1830’s-1850’s
Why- This party formed as a response to Andrew Jackson and his legislature. Opposed democrats.
Nullification
Who- John C. Calhoun
What- The idea that states could overrule the federal government because technically the constitution is for the people and the people are in the states therefore the people in the states could decide if federal laws were constitutional or not.
Where- South Carolina
When- 1820’s
Why- People in South Carolina were upset by the fact that the places Southwest was having more successful farming and blamed it on the tariff of 1828. So they “nullified” it as a response.
Webster-Hayne Debate
Who- Daniel Webster, Robert Hayne
What- The debate over the settlement of western lands, as well as hints for southern and western state’s secession because of the political and economic power of the north.
Where- USA
When- 1830
Why- Some people wanted to slow the expansion of slavery in the West so they suggested slower westward expansion. Southerners took that as an attack and saw it as the North trying to remain in power politically and economically in the country.
Five Civilized Tribes
Who- Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw
What- Indigenous tribes that had established successful economic and social societies in the Southern land.
Where- Southern USA
When- 1830’s
Why- They were very tied to their lands and had a sophisticated culture with their languages and formal constitution.
Removal Act
Who- Andrew Jackson
What- Let the gov. negotiate with Native tribes about them being removed from the “states” land. The natives faced pressure from the federal and state gov to move out of those lands so many of them did.
Where- Southern USA
When- 1830’s
Why- The states wanted the Native’s land for expansion and saw the natives as uncivilized and felt they could use the land better than the natives.
Indian territory
Who- The five civilized tribes
What- The land that the five civilized tribes were forced to live on after the Removal Act and the trail of tears. This land was not suitable for their previous lifestyle and
Where- Present-day Oklahoma
When- 1838
Why- The white southerners wanted the Indigenous people removed from “the states” land because of expansion. As a result, these people were moved to the Indian territory.
Trail of Tears
Who- Andrew Jackson, Martain Van Buren
What- The removal of Native Americans in the Southern part of the country and their relocation to Oklahoma. Their journey was called the Trail of Tears because of the massive amounts of deaths on the trail.
Where- USA
When- 1830-1850
Why- Andrew Jackson didn’t like the Native Americans living in the southern part of the USA near the Georgia and Florida border, and neither did the Georgia governor. So they removed them.
Seminole War
Who- Seminole Tribe, US gov
What- A minority of Seminole Natives didn’t want to be relocated to Oklahoma so they resisted. The government spent so much money but never fully relocated the Seminole tribe, though many of them were killed or moved west anyway by the end of the war.
Where- In the Everglades of Florida
When- 1835 - 1842
Why- The Seminole Tribe had agreed to move west but a small amount refused, so they had a whole war over it because of the gov. was insistent on getting their land.
Bank War
Who- Biddle, Jackson
What- Jackson didn’t like Biddle’s bank because of the argument over hard and soft money. Some people liked “soft money” because it was a more circulable currency than gold and silver, which the hard money people preferred. Jackson went after the bank and greatly weakened it and won the war, but set the country back by getting rid of it.
Where- USA
When- 1830’s
Why- This “War” set the country back a decade because, without a common bank and currency in many states, many states would use their currency. It also created economic turmoil in the country because neither Jackson nor Biddle would admit defeat.
Nicholas Biddle
Who- President of the Bank of the US
What- Was involved in the Bank War. He established the bank’s prosperity but in the end, weakened it when he was pitted against Jackson.
Where- USA
When- 1830’s
Why- His bank was a part of the election of 1832 and was the biggest bank in the US and held federal reserves at a time.
John C. Calhoun
Who- Politician, VP, Secretary of State
What- created the idea of nullification, a huge enemy to Andrew Jackson.
Where- USA
When- March 18, 1782 - March 31, 1850
Why- He was a very important politician in the South and promoted states’ rights and slavery, as well as nullification.
Panic of 1837
Who- Martain Van Buren
What- When the banks and businesses failed due to the species circular. Unemployment went up and bread riots occurred. It was the worst depression the country had faced at that time and lasted five years.
Where- USA
When- 1837
Why- Because of large crop failures, strain on the banks, and stuff happening in other countries. Both political parties played a role in this Panic but the Democrats took the blame for it.
Specie Circular
Who- Andrew Jackson
What- Said that the government would only accept payment for land in payment of silver and gold.
Where- USA
When- 1836
Why- Jackson didn’t like “soft money” so he created this to get the gov to stop accepting paper notes that only held as much credit as the bank handing them out gave them.
John Tyler
Who- President
What- He was kicked out of the Whigs party during his presidency because he was a former Democrat and could be seen when he wouldn’t support the Bank of the United States.
Where- USA
When- March 29, 1790 - January 18, 1862
Why- He was the first vice president to become president because of the president dying in office so he set the precedent for what people would do in that situation.
Martin Van Buren
Who- President
What- He supported Jacksonian Democracy and was a pretty good politician, but he was blamed for the depression at the time.
Where- USA
When- December 5, 1782 - July 24, 1862
Why- He helped found the democratic party. He also was president during a very important period and oversaw the Trail of tears and the first economic depression of the country. He was lowkey awful.
