Vocab 12 Flashcards
Hudson River School
Who- Fredric Church, Thomas Cole, Thomas Doughty, Asher Durand
What- The first great school of American Painters. Contained paintings of the Hudson valley and the White Mountains. Kind of trying to stick it to Europe like a, we have nature and you don’t.
Where- Hudson, New York, USA
When- 1820’s
Why- Europe saw America and it’s art as less than European art because it was newer. Americans wanted to stick it to the man and this was their way to do so.
James Fenimore Cooper
Who- The first great American Author
What- His writings were known for their adventure and suspense writing. His writings portrayed the American Wilderness
Where- USA
When- Sept 15, 1789 – Sept 14, 1851
Why- His writing created an American literature
Edgar Allan Poe
Who- American Poet
What- He wrote poetry about portraying the world in a darker view and it explored deeper feeling and emotion.
Where- USA
When- Jan 19, 1809 - Oct 7, 1849
Why- His writing played a huge impact on Europe poets and changed many American mindsets.
Transcendentalism
Who- New England Writers and Philosophers
What- Believed in intuition over reason and that people should make their decisions based on their intuition and not pressures from society.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- This idea was an formed from the quickly developing society in America that had much urbanization and new social pressures that people wanted surpass so they came up with this idea.
Henry David Thoreau
Who- Transcendentalist
What- Said that people should follow their own instincts and escape from societal pressures. He wrote a book about how he lived alone in the woods for 2 years and his individualism that he discovered by doing so.
Where- Concord, New Hampshire
When- July 12, 1817 - May 6, 1862
Why- He wanted to live simply and escape from the rapidly modernizing world that was developing around him.
Margaret Fuller
Who- Transcendentalist, intellectual leader
What- Questioned the gender roles of her time and argued for the importance of self discovery.
Where- USA
When- May 23, 1810 - July 19, 1850
Why- She argued that women only follow men and don’t discover their true self by doing so.
Joseph Smith
Who- Religious leader
What- He established the Mormon religion and wrote a book about how he was a prophet and God showed him some gold tablets in New York.
Where- USA
When- Dec 23, 1805 – June 27, 1844
Why- He did this in part of an effort to create a new more ordered religious group that followed Jesus Christ.
Shakers
Who- Ann Lee, Lucy Wright
What- A group of people who would “shake” off societal norms and sin and remain celibate for life. They believed in sexual equity amount men and women. People had to choose this religion for themselves, they couldn’t be born into it.
Where- USA
When- 1840’s
Why- They believed American society was chaos and that the society they were creating was far more organized. They also wanted to escape gender roles.
Temperance Crusade
Who- Almost everyone in the USA
What- The movement against alcohol/being drunk. Women claimed men spent money that was meant for the house on alcohol. It drinking was a huge problem at this time. This movement promoted less drinking/drunkenness in the country.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- Many people at the time drank three times as much as an average person today and it was a problem and some people said it was a sin so this movement was to go against that.
Public Education/Horace Mann
Who- Advocated for public education
What- Brought public teaching to life, doubled teachers salaries and gave them proper training. Taxes started supporting public education.
Where- USA
When- mid-19th century
Why- Horace Mann believed that education was fundamental for getting good jobs and protecting democracy.
Utopian Societies
Who- Religious groups
What- Societies that seemed more ideal at the time where people would go to to escape the rapidly modernizing America.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- Many religious groups believed that the American society being created was not good. So they created their own Utopian societies so life could be how they envisioned.
Indian Reservation
Who- Native Americans
What- The idea that the removal of the natives to a different territory would also help them preserve their culture and keep them separate from white society.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- There was this idea that the Natives weren’t “civilized” so by putting them in a reservation they would keep their culture but also learn the ways of a civilization in this process.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Who- Advocate for women’s rights.
What- Fought for women’s rights, elevated the status of women.
Where- USA
When- November 12, 1815 - Oct 26, 1902
Why- Women were being restricted in society and she was fighting against that.
Sarah and Angelica Grimke
Who- Sisters who fought for women’s rights and were abolitionists
What- Argued that men and women were created equal and that anything a man can do a women can do as well.
Where- South Carolina
When- 19th century
Why- Society had created restrictions on women that they wanted to move past so they spoke out and tried to make reforms.
Susan B. Anthony
Who- Advocate for women’s rights.
What- Fought for women’s rights to vote and perform outside of societal standards, like having a job.
Where- USA
When- Feb 15, 1820 - March 13, 1906
Why- Women were restricted in society and she was fighting against that.
Abolitionists
Who- People who believed in the removal of slavery
What- Abolitionists wanted to get ride of slavery. They would often write about slavery and how awful it was.
Where- USA, mainly in the North
When- 19th century
Why- People thought slavery was awful so they wanted to end it.
American Colonization Society
Who- White Virginians
What- Encouraged the resettlement of African Americans to the Caribbean or to Africa. They worked to challenge slavery without challenging property rights.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- They believed in the gradual freeing of slaves by paying the owners of the enslaved person and then bringing that enslaved person somewhere out of the country to live out their life.
Seneca Falls Convention
Who- Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Santon
What- Meeting that discussed women’s rights; They created the Declaration of Sentiments which state that men and women were equal. This meeting promoted the idea that women should have the right to vote.
Where- Seneca Falls, New York
When- 1848
Why- Many people had began to draw similarities between the rights of women and the rights of enslaved people at the time. They felt that wasn’t right so they had this convention to discuss women’s rights.
William Lloyd Garrison
Who- Writer, Abolitionist
What- Started his own newspaper the Liberator. He changed the way slavery was viewed. he talked about how you should look at slavery from the enslaved persons point of view and not how it influenced white society.
Where- Boston, MA
When- Dec 10, 1805 - May 24, 1879
Why- He used to work for a different newspaper that promoted abolitionist movements but didn’t like the mild and gradual ideas that were being promoted. He wanted the immediate removal of slavery as a whole.
Anti-Abolitionism
Who- Opposed abolitionists
What- Didn’t like abolitionists ideas and thought that the institution of slavery was vital to the society that was created.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- People didn’t like that abolitionists threatened the way the American society had been since it started.
Frederick Douglas
Who- African American, former slave, abolitionist
What- Escaped slavery and became a huge speaker on the anti-slavery movement. He want to England and was lionized there and then came back to the states and started his own newspaper. He spoke about how awful slavery was.
Where- USA
When- Feb 1818 - Feb 20, 1895
Why- He influenced many people and presented a damning side of slavery. He was largely influential in the abolitionist movement.
Fugitive Slave Law
Who- Enslaved people, slave owners
What- Required the capture of runaway slaves in free states and said they had to be returned to their owner.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- Slaves would often try to escape to free states but now if they were discovered there they could still be brought back to where they escaped from.
Amistad
Who- Enslaved people
What- A Spanish slave vessel that got into a legal battle because the enslaved people killed the people that had kidnapped them and tried to go back to their homes. Abolitionists argued that they had a right to fight for their freedom.
Where- USA
When- 19th century
Why- This was important for the Abolitionist movement because it argued for human rights of enslaved people.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Who- Author, abolitionist
What- Wrote the controversial book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”.
Where- USA
When- June 14, 1811 - July 1, 1896
Why- Her book promoted the abolitionist idea throughout the nation and the ideas were introduced to people who wouldn’t have come into contact with it otherwise.
