Vocab 7 Flashcards
Deism
Who- Ben Franklin, Thomas Jefferson
What- The idea that God created the universe and then stepped back from any human involvement.
Where- USA
When- 1790’s
Why- It was set up so that people could validate their religious beliefs while also believing in more scientific and philosophical beliefs.
Mercy Otis Warren
Who- Author
What- She wrote things that promoted the Revolutionary War. She also wrote concerns about the lack of a Bill of Rights.
Where- MA, USA
When- September 1728 - October 19, 1814
Why- Her writing on historical events was foundational to learning about back then and influenced people during that time about the importance of a Bill of Rights.
Noah Webster
Who- Writer
What- He helped unify the new American country by creating his spelling book (and later on his dictionary) that distinguished the difference between American and British words whether written or definition.
Where-
When- October 16, 1758 - May 28, 1843
Why- It simplified spelling all across America and helped with education in schools by establishing a national standard for words and their uses.
Washington Irving
Who- Writer
What- His writing played a big role in shaping American folklore and his historical writings.
Where- New York State
When- April 3, 1783 - November 28, 1859
Why- His writings are colonial but also transition to more playful and humorous reflecting a change in American literature at the time.
Second Great Awakening
Who- Religious leaders in America
What- Religious revival but part two. Advocated a lot about free will and how freely supporting certain religious ideas you could be saved through your faith.
Where- USA
When- 1790’s to 1830’s
Why- Due to frontier settlements being so far away from the rest of society there was a huge push to get religion out there. Also with Deism being promoted religious leaders felt the need to more forcefully promote religion.
Camp Meetings
Who- Religious leaders
What- It was religious revival session where preachers would preach and sing songs about their religious beliefs (they were mainly evangelical Christians).
Where- American frontier
When- 1790’s
Why- A part of the Second Great Awakening. They were for religious revival.
Industrialism
Who- Eli Whitney, Oliver Evans
What- This time was where there was a lot of creation of new machinery that could replace manual labor (ex; cotton gin). It also impacted production rates and made it so certain things were created a lot faster than they would have previously been.
Where- USA
When- 1790’s - 1840’s
Why- The technological advancements made in this time period helped the country economically and helped us move forward as a nation. It put us in the same league as some of the other European nations like Great Britain.
Samuel Slater
Who- English Immigrant
What- Created the first spinning mill in America after bringing over his advanced knowledge of English manufacturing machinery to America.
Where- Pawtucket, Rhode Island
When- June 9, 1768 - April 21, 1835
Why- The spinning mill was very important for processing cotton and helped with that industry because it spread up the process at which it could be processed.
American Shipping
Who- Congress, American Merchants
What- The growth of American trading overseas by two tariffs passed by Congress to grow the domestic shipping.
Where- USA
When- 1789
Why- They wanted to grow their economic market.
Eli Whitney
Who- Inventor
What- Invented the cotton gin and interchangeable parts which revolutionized manufacturing.
Where- USA
When- December 8, 1765 - January 8, 1825
Why- His inventions changed the way manufacturing was done. His interchangeable parts saved money and the cotton gin separated the cotton fibers from the seeds which saved labor costs because it was a very extensive process.
Robert Fulton
Who- Inventor
What- Perfected the steamboat and brought its importance and practicality to the attention of America
Where- USA; Hudson River (where the boat first sailed)
When- November 14, 1765 - February 24, 1815
Why- Revolutionized transportation in America on the river.
Judicial Review
Who- John Marshall, James Madison
What- The power that the courts to review the work of the executive and legislative branches of government and make sure that the laws are constitutional.
Where- USA
When- 1803
Why- Judicial review was very important with checks and balances because it put the other branches in check.
Marbury vs. Madison
Who- James Madison
What- The Supreme Court could now determine if something was considered unconstitutional or not.
Where- USA
When- 1803
Why- This case was important because it established judicial review where a previous law could be overruled later.
John Marshall
Who- Cheif Justice of the Supreme Court
What- Helped with ruling on major court decisions and helped establish the Supreme Court as an equal branch of government. He was part of the court that ruled on Marbury v. Madison and helped establish judicial Review.
Where- USA
When- September 24, 1755 - July 6, 1835
Why- Helped establish judicial review. Makes the Supreme Court equal within all the branches of gov. with judicial review.
Louisiana Purchase
Who- Thomas Jefferson
What- Doubled the size of the US. The US purchased the land from modern-day Louisiana to modern-day Montana in a 15 million dollar purchase from France.
Where- USA
When- 1803
Why- It made the United States bigger which helped the country grow
Impressment
Who- British Navy
What- The action of forcing men into military (specifically naval activity at this time) service. This would happen after a British ship captured American ships at sea and would force the American men on these ships to be a part of their navy.
Where- Atlantic Ocean?
When- 1789-1815
Why- The British needed more sailors for their navy during the Napoleonic Wars so they started doing impressment.
Embargo Act
Who- Thomas Jefferson
What- Closed ports to British imports and exports. Lost a lot of money for the US because they were one of the main countries they traded with.
Where- USA
When- 1807
Why- Great Britain had been attacking American ships and trying to get America involved in their war so as a way of attacking them without getting involved in a war they decided no more trading with Britain.
The Embargo
Who- Thomas Jefferson
What- Stopped American ships from leaving the United States if they were heading to any foreign port.
Where- USA ports
When- 1807
Why- It put parts of the nation into a depression. It was supposed to hurt other nations economically but only hurt ourselves.
Tecumseh
Who- Shawnee Cheif
What- Organized a Confederation of Native Americans to combat pioneers coming into native lands. He fought in the Battle of Tippecanoe.
Where- Ohio River Valley
When- March 1768 - October 5, 1813
Why- He motivated Native Americans to join together against the expansion of the Americans.
War Hawks
Who- Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun
What- People who wanted war with Britain.
Where- USA
When- 1810-1812
Why- Some were nationalists who wanted expansion, and others were heavy Republicans who were in defense of their values.
War of 1812
Who- US, Great Britain, Native Americans
What- America was trying to assert its independence to the rest of the world.
Where- USA, Atlantic Oceans
When- 1812 - 1815
Why- One reason was because of Impressment from Great Britain. As well as disagreements over trade. The US was attacking British and Indigenous settlements westward due to westward expansion. They also had a lot of debts that they couldn’t pay off to Britain.
William Henry Harrison
Who- President, Military officer
What- Played an important role in the War of 1812. He won the Battle of Tippecanoe which was a significant battle.
Where- River in Indiana, USA
When- February 9, 1773 - April 4, 1841
Why- He was important because he protected the Americans along the American frontier.
Hartford Convention
Who- New England delegates
What- The conversation of possible secession from the rest of the US.
Where- Hartford, Connecticut
When- 1814 - 1815
Why- The New England states were upset with the War of 1812 because they were major traders with England so the War of 1812 was impacting them negatively economically.
