Vitamins Flashcards
Fat soluble
A, D, E, K
B1
thiamine (TTP)
B2
Riboflavin (FAD, FMN)
B3
Niacin (NAD+)
B5
Pantothenic acid (CoA)
B6
Pyridoxine (PLP)
B7
Biotin
B9
Folate
B12
Cobalamin
C
Ascorbic acid
A
Retinol
Function of Vit A
- Antioxidant
- Retinal pigment
- Prevents squamous metaplasia
- Normal differentiation of epithelial cells into specialized tissue
Function of Vit B1
Cofactor for dehydrogenase enzyme reactions like:
- Pyruvate dehydrogenase
- Alpha-ketogluterate dehydrogenase
- Transketolase
- Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase
Function of Vit B2
Component of FMN and FAD which are used as cofactors in redox reactions (ex. succinate dehydrogenase)
Function of Vit B3
- Constituent of NAD+ and NADP+ (used in redox reactions
- Lowers VLDL and raises HDL
Function of Vit B5
Essential component of coA and fatty acid synthase
Function of Vit B6
- Converted to pyridoxal phosphate (used in transamination, decarboxylation reactions, glycogen phosphorylase
- Synthesis of cystathionine, heme, niacin, histamine and neurotransmitters
Function of Vit B7
Cofactor for carboxylation enzymes (add 1-carbon groups) like:
- Pyruvate carboxylase
- Acetyl-CoA carboxylase
- Propionyl-CoA carboxylase
Function of Vit B9
- Converted to THF (coenzyme for 1-carbon transfer/methylation reactions)
- Important for synthesis of nitrogenous bases in DNA and RNA
Function of Vit B12
Cofactor for homocysteine methyltransferase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase
Function of Vit C
- Antioxidant
- Facilitates iron absorption by reducing to Fe2+ state
- Necessary for hydroxylation of proline and lysine in collagen synthesis
- Necessary for dopamine-beta hydroxylase (converts DA to NE)
Function of Vit D
- Increase intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate
- Increase bone mineralizaiton
Function of Vit E
-Antioxidant (protects RBCs and membranes from free-radical damage)
Function of Vit K
Cofactor for gamma-carboxylation of glutamic acid residues on various proteins required for blood clotting (2, 7, 9, 10, C, and S)
Function of zinc
- Essential for activity of >100 enzymes
- Help form zinc fingers (TF motif)
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Night blindness
- Dry, scaly skin
- Corneal degeneration
- Immune suppression
A
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (confusion, opthalmoplegia, ataxia)
- Beriberi
B1
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Cheilosis
- Cornea vascularization
B2
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- RARE
- Dermatitis
- Alopecia
- Enteritis
B7
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Glossitis
- Diarrhea
- Deentia
- Dermatitis
B3
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY -Convulsions -Hyperirritability Peripheral neuropathy -Sideroblastic anemias
B6
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Dermatitis
- Enteritis
- Alopecia
- Adrenal insufficiency
B5
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
- GLossitis
- NO NEURO SYMPTOMS
- Increase homocysteine (normal methionine)
B9
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia
- Paresthesias
- Increased serum homocysteine and methylmalonic acid
B12
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Rickets
- Osteomalacia
D
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Delayed wound healing
- Hypogonadism
- Decreased adult hair
- Dysgeusia
- Anosmia
- Acrodermatitis enteropathica
Zinc
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Hemolytic anemia
- Acanthocytosis
- Muscle weakness
- Posterior column and spinocerebellar tract demyelination
E
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
- Swollen gums
- Bruising
- Hemarthrosis
- Anemia
- Poor wound healing
- “Corkscrew hair”
- Weakened immune response
C
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY
-Neonatal hemorrhage (increase PT and PTT with normal bleeding time)
K
VITAMIN EXCESS
- Facial flushing
- Hyperglycemia
- Hyperuricemia
B3
VITAMIN EXCESS
- Teratogenic (cleft palate, cardiac abnormalities)
- Arthralgias
- Scaly skin
- Pseudotumor cerebri
- Hepatic toxicity
A
VITAMIN EXCESS
- Hypercalcemia
- Hypercalciuria
- Loss of appetite
- Stupor
- Seen in sarcoidosis!
D
VITAMIN EXCESS
- N/V
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Calcium oxalate kidney stones
- Increased risk of iron toxicity
C
