Pulm Flashcards
V/Q Ratio of APEX at rest
3
V/Q Ratio of BASE at rest
0.6
V/Q Ratio of APEX at exercise
1 (vasodilation of apical capillaries)
V/Q Ratio of 0
SHUNT (airway obstructed, so 100% O2 will not help)
V/Q Ratio of infinity
PHYSIOLOGIC DEAD SPACE (blood flow obstruction, so 100% O2 will help)
Pressures at APEX
PA > Pa > Pv
Pressures at middle lung
Pa > PA > Pv
Pressures at BASE
Pa > Pv > PA
Where is CO2 bound on carbaminohemoglobin?
N-terminus of globin
What part of the lung does asbestosis affect?
lower lobes
What part of the lung do silica and coal affect?
upper lobes
What is anthracosis?
asymptomatic condition of urban dwellers exposed to sooty air
What does silicosis increase risk for?
- Tb (disrupts phagolysosomes and macrophages)
- Branchogenic carcinoma
Lung cancer that cavitates
squamous cell carcinoma
Lung cancer that is most common in non-smokers (and overall)
adenocarcinoma
Central lung cancers
Squamous cell carcinoma
Small cell carcinoma
Lung cancer with hypercalcemia
Squamous cell carcinoma (produces PTHrP)
Lung cacner with k-ras, EGFR, or ALK mutations
Adenocarcinoma
Peripheral lung cancers
Adenocarcinoma
Large cell carcinoma
Inoperable lung cancer
small cell carcinoma
Chromogranin A + lung cancer
Bronchial carcinoid tumor
Lung cancer that secretes ACTH or ADH
small cell carcinoma
Lung cancer that grows along alveolar septa
Bronchioloalveloar subtype of adenocarcioma
Lung cancer that leads to Lambert-Eaaten syndrome
Small cell carcinoma
Lung cancer that is associated with amplification of myc oncogenes
Small cell carcinoma
Lung cancer with neuroendocrine Kulchitsky cells (small dark blue cells)
Small cell carcinoma
Lobar pneumonia bugs
S. pneumoniae
Legionella or Klebsiella
Bronchopneumonia bugs
S. pneumoniae
S. aureus
H. flu
Klebsiella
Interstitial (atypical) pneumonia bugs
Viruses (flu, RSV, adenovirus)
Mycoplasma
Legionella
Chlamydia
Lung abscess bugs
S. aureus
Bacteroides
Fusobacterium
Peptostreptococcus
