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Repro Flashcards

1
Q

Lymph drainage of ovary/testis

A

Para-aortic LN

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2
Q

Lymph drainage of distal vagina/vulva/scrotum

A

superficial inguinal node

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3
Q

Lymph drainage of proximal vagina/uterus

A

Obturator, external iliac and hypogastric nodes

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4
Q

Lymph drainage of anterior/lateral cervix

A

external iliac node

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5
Q

Lymph drainage of posterior/lateral cervix

A

internal iliac node

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6
Q

Lymph drainage of posterior cervix

A

obturator and presacral nodes

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7
Q

What do the infundibulopelvic ligaments contain?

A

ovarian vessels

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8
Q

What does the infundibulopelvic ligament do?

A

connects ovaries to lateral pelvic wall

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9
Q

What do the cardinal ligaments contain?

A

uterine vessels

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10
Q

What do the cardinal ligaments do?

A

connects cervix to side wall of pelvis

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11
Q

What does the round ligament do?

A

connects uterine fundus to labia majora

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12
Q

What does the broad ligament do?

A

connects uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries to pelvic side wall

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13
Q

What is contained within the broad ligament?

A

contains ovaries, fallopian tubes and round ligaments of uterus

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14
Q

What does the ovarian ligament do?

A

connects medial pole of ovary to lateral uterus

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15
Q

Which female ligament is a derivative of the gubernaculum?

A

Round ligament

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16
Q

List the 3 parts of the broad ligament

A

mesosalpinx
mesometrium
mesovarium

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17
Q

Path of sperm during ejaculation.

A 
SEVEN UP
Seminiferous tubules
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Ejaculatory ducts
Nothing
Urethra
Penis
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18
Q

Erection innervation

A

Parasympathetic (pelvic)

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19
Q

Emission innervation

A

Sympathetic (hypogastric)

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20
Q

Ejaculation innervation

A

Visceral and somatic (pudendal)

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21
Q

Estrogen from ovary

A

17-beta-estradiol

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22
Q

Estrogen from placenta

A

estriol

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23
Q

Estrogen from adipose tissue

A

estrone

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24
Q

Potency of estrogens

A

estradiol > estrone > estriol

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25
Q

What female cells does FSH act on?

A

Granulosa cells

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26
Q

What female cells does LH act on?

A

theca cells

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27
Q

What triggers lactation after delivery?

A

fall in progesterone disinhibits prolactin

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28
Q

Primary oocyte cell cycle arrest

A

Prophase I (until ovulation)

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29
Q

Secondary oocyte cell cycle arrest

A

Metaphase II (until fertilization)

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30
Q

How long does it take for fertilization of an ovulated egg to occur?

A

must be fertilized in one day

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31
Q

How long does it take a fertilized egg to implant?

A

6 days after fertilization

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32
Q

When can home pregnancy tests detect beta-hCG?

A

2 weeks after conception

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33
Q

When can you detect beta-hCG in blood?

A

1 week after conception

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34
Q

Hormone levels in Klinefleters

A

High FSH, LH
High estrogen
Low testosterone

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35
Q

Hormone levels in Turners

A

High FSH, LH

Low estrogen

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36
Q

Hormone levels in defective androgen receptor

A

High LH

High testosterone

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37
Q

Hormone levels in testosterone-secreting tumors (or exogenous steroids)

A

High testosterone

Low LH

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38
Q

Hormone levels in primary hypogonadism

A

High LH

Low testosterone

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39
Q

Hormone levels in Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism

A

Low LH

Low testosterone

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40
Q

Hormone levels in aromatase deficiency

A
  • Increase serum testosterone and androstenedione (in female infant)
  • Maternal virilization (androgens cross placenta)
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41
Q

Hormone levels in androgen insensitivity syndrome

A
  • High testosterone, estrogen

- High LH

42
Q

Hormone levels in 5-alpha reductase deficiency

A

Normal testosterone/estrogen

Normal to high LH

43
Q

Hormone levels in Kallmann syndrome

A

Low GnRH
Low FSH, LH
Low testosterone

44
Q

What are the stipulations for gestational HTN?

A
  • After 20th week

- BP >140/90

45
Q

What are the stipulations for preeclampsia?

A
  • After 20th week
  • BP >140/90
  • Proteinuria >300 mg/24 hours
46
Q

What are the stipulations for HELLP?

A
  • Hemolysis
  • Elevated liver enzymes
  • Low platelet levels
47
Q

When do you deliver for gestational HTN?

48
Q

When do you deliver for preeclampsia (mild)?

49
Q

When do you deliver for preeclampsia (severe)?

50
Q

When do you deliver for eclampsia or HELLP?

A

immediately

51
Q

Treatment for endometritis

A

Gentamicin + clindamycin +/- ampicillin

52
Q

What female cells produce progesterone and androgens?

A

theca interna

53
Q

What stimulates theca interna?

54
Q

What does FSH do in the ovary?

A

stimulates granulosa cell to convert androgen to estradiol

55
Q

Hormone levels in PCOD

A

High LH, High FSH (3:1 ratio)
High testosterone (low SHBG)
High estrogen
Low testosterone

56
Q

What do OCPs do for PCOD?

A

estrogen increases SHBG and decrease LH which leads to decreased free testosterone

57
Q

What does clomiphene citrate do for PCOD?

A

Increases fertility: BLocks negtive feedback from circulating estrogen to increase FSH and LH

58
Q

What does metformin do for PCOD?

A
  • Increase insulin sensitivity
  • Decrease insulin levels
  • This decreases testosterone and enables LH surge
59
Q

Distention of unruptured graafian follicle

A

Follicular cyst

60
Q

Hemorrhage into persistent CL

A

corpus luteum cyst

61
Q

Cyst type that is often multiple and b/l

A

Theca-lutein cyst

62
Q

Blood vessel rupture in cyst wall

A

Hemorrhagic cyst

63
Q

Mature teratoma

A

dermoid cyst

64
Q

Endometriosis within ovary

A

Endometrioid (chocolate) cyst

65
Q

Common, thin-walled benign ovarian neoplasm lined with fallopian-like epithelium (often b/l)

A

Serous cystadenoma

66
Q

Multiloculated, large benign ovarian neoplasm lined by mucus-secreting epithelium

A

Mucinous cystadenoma

67
Q

Benign ovarian mass arising from growth of ectopic endometrial tissue

A

Endometrioma

68
Q

Benign germ cell tumor in women 20-30 that contains tissue from all 3 germ cell layers

A

Mature cystic teratoma (dermoid cyst)

69
Q

Benign ovarian neoplasm that looks like bladder (coffee bean nuclei on H&E; yellow colon grossly and appears encapsulated)

A

Brenner tumor

70
Q

Benign ovarian neoplasm with bundles of spindle shaped fibroblasts

71
Q

What is Meigs syndrome?

A 
Triad:
-Ovrian fibroma
-Ascites
-Hydrothorax
(get pulling sensation on groin)
72
Q

Benign ovarian tumors similar to granulosa cells tumors that may produce estrogen

73
Q

Malignant ovarian neoplasm containing fetal neuroectoderm and usually thyroid tissue

A

immature teratoma

74
Q

Most common sex cord stomal tumor with Call-Exner bodies and presents as sexual precocity in pre-adolescents (due to production of estrogen/progesterone)

A

Granulosa cell tumor

75
Q

Most common malignant ovarian neoplasm and has psammoma bodies

A

serous cystadenocarcinoma

76
Q

Pseudomyxoma peritonei

A

Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma

77
Q

Malignant ovarian neoplasm with sheets of uniform “fried egg” cells and secretes hCG and LDH

A

Dysgerminoma

78
Q

Malignant ovarin neoplasm due to malignant trophoblastic tissue

A

Choriocarcinoma

79
Q

Schiller-Duval bodies (look like glomeruli) in ovary or testes and AFP secretion

A 
Yolk sac (endodermal sinus) tumor
(most common tumor of male infants)
80
Q

Mucin-secreting signet cells

A

Krukenberg tumor (GI malignancy that metastasizes to ovary)

81
Q

Sarcoma botryoides

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma variant (vaginal tumor of girls under 4 y/o that is desmin +)

82
Q

Firm, fibrous “rock-hard” mass iwth sharp margins and grossly “stellate” infiltration

A

Invasive ductal carcinoma of breast

83
Q

Orderly row of breast cancer cells “indian file” invasion

A

Invasive lobular carcinoma of breast

84
Q

Fleshy, cellular breast mass with lymphocytic infiltrate

A

Medullary carcinoma of breast

85
Q

Dermal lymphatic invasion by breast carcinoma

A

Inflammatory breast carcinoma (causes Peau d’orange)

86
Q

Breast pathology with increased acini and intralobular fibrosis (associated with calcifications)

A

Sclerosing adenosis (not cancer but increases risk)

87
Q

Treatment of acute breast mastitis (by staph aureus)

A

Dicloxacillin (and continue breastfeeding)

88
Q

What prostate parts are enlarged in BPH?

A

Middle and lateral lobes (periurethral)

89
Q

What prostate parts are affected by adenocarcinoma?

A

posterior lobe (peripheral zone)

90
Q

Hormone levels in cryptorchidism

A

Low inhibin
High FSH, High LH
Testosterone (low if b/l, normal if u/l)

91
Q

Painless homogenous testituclar enlargement in 3rd decade (high ALP)

92
Q

Testicular tumor in boy <3 y/o (with Schiller-Duval bodies)

A

Yolk sac tumor

93
Q

Testicular tumor with trophoblastic elements (may metastasize to lung and brain and see high hCG)

A

Choriocarcinoma

94
Q

Teratoma in adult male prognosis

A

May be malignant (benign in children)

95
Q

Malignant, hemorrhagic and painful testicular mass with necrosis and glandular/papillary morphology (high hCG when pure, high AFP when mixed)

A

Embryonal carcinoma

96
Q

Reinke crystals

A

Leydig cell testicular tumor

97
Q

Most common testicular cancer in old men

A

testicular lymphoma (metastases)

98
Q

Leukoplakia on penile shaft

A

Bowen disease (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)

99
Q

Erythroplakia on glans penis

A

Erythroplasia of Queyrat (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)

100
Q

Reddish penis papules

A

Bowenoid papulosis (squamous cell carcinoma in situ)

1st Aid Memorize (21 decks)

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