vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

water-soluble vitamins

A

B vitamins and Vitamin C

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2
Q

fat-soluble vitamins.

A

Vitamins A, D, E, K

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3
Q

when are single nutrient dietray supplements reccommended?

A

defiencys and pregnancy.

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4
Q

vitamin C and scurvy

A

same symptoms as defiencny of vitamin C.

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4
Q

scurvy

A

Scurvy Occurred 1556 – 1857 Scurvy Symptoms -Week -Bruises-Internal haemorrhages -Loss of teeth

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5
Q

key functions of vitamin A in the body.

A

eye – maintaining healthy corneas, epithelial cells and mucous membranes, visionReproductionGrowthHealth epithelial tissues and skin through its role in protein synthesis and cell differentiation Immunity

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6
Q

Vitamin A, Carotenoids, and retinol equivalent

A

Vitamin A is the generic term that describes retinol and pro vitamin A carotenoidsRetinoids – what we use in the body Carotenoids – plant pigments.

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7
Q

how does vitamin A help vision?

A
  1. Maintain eyeball health – retinoid acid, keep eyeball moist
  2. Seeing light and turning electrical impulses that allow the brain to see images 11-cis retinol is the vitamin A component and allows visionary cycle to continue
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8
Q

key sources of vitamin A

A

Good sources of retinoids -Liver richest source-Milk, butter, cheese, egg yolk, some fatty fishGood sources carotenoids-Low-income countries -Dark green leafy veggies-Yellow and Orange colour vegetables and fruit

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9
Q

Consequences of vitamin A deficiency

A

Effects on vision
-Most common cause of preventable blindness
-Night blindness
- If not picked up can lead to irreversible
blindness

Keratinisation
-Changes in epithelial cells result in keratinisation and rough, dry scaly skin

Increased risk factor for severe measles

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10
Q

vitamin K1 and K2

A

Two natural sources K1 an K2 -K1 – major dietary form, found green plants, electron acceptor photosynthesis -
K2 – produced in intestinal.

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11
Q

function of vitamin K

A

Blood clotting -Bone metabolism-Inflammation-Prevents oxidative damage in the brain-Deficiency and toxicity are rare.

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12
Q

function of vitamin E

A

Powerful fat-soluble antioxidant -Stabilises cell membranes-Protects plasma lipoproteins from oxidative damage-Deficiency and toxicity are rare.

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13
Q

sources of vitamin k

A

Good sources = green leafy, kale, spinach, broccoli, canola oil -Smaller amounts = some fruits and other vegetables -Cereals dairy products, eggs, and meat
- Up to 50% from bacteria in bowe

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14
Q

food sources of vitamin E

A

Polyunsaturated plant oils -Green leafy veggies -Wheat germ -Whole grain foods-Liver and egg yolks-Nuts and seeds.

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15
Q

AI of vitamin K and E

A

AI 10mg/day for males – mean intake in NZ 11.9 mgAI 7mg/day females 7 – mean intake in NZ 9.4Vitamin K similar.

16
Q

main greenhouse gases

A

CH4 – Methane
CO2 – Carbon dioxide
N2O – Nitrous oxide

17
Q

vitamin C RDI and ANS

A

45 (M/F) RDI and 108(M/F) - ANS.

18
Q

Vitamin A RDI

A

900 RE/day (M) 700 RE/day (W). ANS 977(M) and 787(W)

19
Q

two natural forms of vitamin k

A

k1 (major diet form, in green plants) and k2 (produced by intestinal bacteria) then k3 (synthetic product).

20
Q

water vs fat vitamins absorption.

A

water - directly to the blood. Fat - first in lymph, then blood.

21
Q

water v fat vitamins - transport

A

water - travel freely, fat - protein carriers.

22
Q

water v fat vitamins - storage

A

water - circulates freely in an aqueous. Fat - stored in cells associated with fat.

23
Q

water v fat vitamins - excretion

A

water - easily excreted. fat - less readily excreted. remain in storage.

24
Q

water v fat vitamins - toxicity

A

water - possible from supplements. fat - possible from supplements.

25
Q

water v fat vitamins - intake

A

water days 1-3. fat - weeks or months.