lecture 3 - Translating food into Nutrients

Question 1

Gross energy

Answer 1

Total chemical energy of a food (not all of this is available to the body, not everything is 100% absorbed)

Question 2

Heat of combustion

Answer 2

Gross energy of food (energy content)

Question 3

Atwater factors, Energy content (kJ/gram) macronutrient

Answer 3

Protein,Carbohydrate = 17, Fat = 37, Alcohol = 29

Question 4

Atwater factor calculations

Answer 4

Macronutrient (grams) x Atwater factor (Eg 5g fat x 37 = 185kJ) (Total energy = Energy fat + Energy protein + Energy carbohydrates + Energy alcohol)

Question 5

Proportion of energy from macronutrient

Answer 5

(g x Atwater factor) / total energy→ x 100 (Eg. 120x37 / 14000) x100 = 31.7%

Question 6

NRVs

Answer 6

Indicates the daily amount of nutrients required for good health (in 97-98% healthy people), as well as an upper safe level of nutrient intake

Question 7

Estimated Energy requirement (EER)

Answer 7

Average dietary energy intake that maintains energy balance and good health in a person (particular to them), set at average energy intake of population, BMR & PAL included

Question 8

EAR

Answer 8

A daily nutrient level estimated to meet the requirements of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group (For micronutrients & protein) (Groups + Populations)

Question 9

AMDR

Answer 9

Range of macronutrient intakes that provides adequate levels of essential nutrients &associated with a reduced risk for chronic diseases (Groups + Individuals)

Question 10

RDI

Answer 10

Average daily dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all (97-98%) healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group (Individual)

Question 11

Adequate Intake

Answer 11

Average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations/estimates of nutrients intake by a group (or groups) of apparently health people that are assumed to be adequate(Use when RDI can’t be determined, for micronutrients and protein) (Individual)

Question 12

UL

Answer 12

Highest average daily nutrient intake level is likely to pose no adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population. As intake increase above UL, the potential risk of adverse effects increases (Groups + Individuals)