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Medical Terminology > Vital Signs > Flashcards

Vital Signs Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

vital signs

A

objective measurements like temperature, heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, and oxygenation

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2
Q

temperature

A

-reported in C or F
-measured with thermometer at specific sites like under tongue, armpit, ear canal, and rectum
-normal adult temperature is 37 C and 98.6 F

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3
Q

hypothermia

A

condition of low temperature (<35 C)

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4
Q

normothermia

A

condition of normal temperature

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5
Q

hyperthermia

A

condition of high temperature (>38 C)

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6
Q

thermoregulation

A

maintenance of body temperature

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7
Q

heart rate

A

-reported in beats per minute
-measured by: pulse oximeter on distal finger tip, electrocardiogram (ECG/EKG), felt and counted by hand for 1 min at pulse sites, and auscultated and counted for 1 min with stethoscope
-normal adult heart rate: 60-100 beats per min

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8
Q

tachycardia

A

condition of fast heart rate (>100bpm)

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9
Q

bradycardia

A

condition of slow heart rate (<60bpm)

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10
Q

arrhythmia/dysrhythmia

A

condition of abnormal heart rhythm

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11
Q

heart rate pulse sites

A

temporal, FEMORAL, popliteal, posterior tibial, CAROTID, BRACHIAL, RADIAL, and dorsalis pedis

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12
Q

pulse measurement rate

A

-0=absent
-1+=thready/weak
-2+=normal pulse
-3+=bounding

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13
Q

blood pressure

A

-reported as systolic blood pressure (SBP)/diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in millimeters of mercury (mmHg)
-measured with sphygmomanometer (BP cuff) at brachial site
-can be taken manually with stethoscope and BP cuff or electronically
-normal adult blood pressure:
SBP: 100-140 mmHg
DBP: 60-90 mmHG
MAP: >65

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14
Q

hypotension

A

low blood pressure (<100/60)

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15
Q

hypertension

A

high blood pressure (>140/90)

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16
Q

normotensive

A

normal blood pressure

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17
Q

MAP

A

mean arterial pressure (2(DBP+SBP)/3)

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18
Q

respiratory rate

A

-reported in breaths per minute
-measured: observing chest fall and rise for 1 min, auscultation with stethoscope and count rate for 1 min
-can assess rhythm (regular/irregular) and quality (shallow/deep)
-normal adult respiratory rate: 12-20 breaths per minute

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19
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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20
Q

spir/o

A

breathing

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21
Q

tachypneic/tachypnea

A

condition of rapid breathing (>20 bpm)

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22
Q

bradypneic/bradypnea

A

condition of slow breathing (<12 bpm)

23
Q

hypoventilation/hyperventilation

A

pertaining to amount of ventilation of lungs (too little/too much)

24
Q

oxygenation saturation

A

-fraction of oxygen-saturated hemoglobin relative to total hemoglobin
-reported as a percentage out of 100
-important to note if on oxygen while obtaining measurement
-measured with pulse oximeter on distal finger tip
-normal adult oxygenation level:
>94% normally but 89-92% in chronic lung disease patients

25
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

26
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen

27
Q

hypoxia

A

low/deficient oxygen in the tissues

28
Q

hypoxemia

A

low oxygen in the blood

29
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

30
Q

inspection

A

-observations of patient throughout interview/exam
-general appearance, mental status, posture, skin color/deformities, body language, gait

31
Q

palpation

A

-use pads of fingers for light and/or deep palpation
-useful to determine: location of organs/structures/masses, size, texture, temperature, tenderness

32
Q

percussion

A

-utilizing your finger to tap a portion of the body
-to assess underlying tissue/structure for presence of fluid/air
-sound differences helps you compare what medium the sound is traveling through

33
Q

auscultation

A

-listening to sounds of specific body areas (heart, blood vessels, lungs/airway, abdomen/bowels)
-done by using a stethoscope
-can help determine normal vs. abnormal sounds via comparison with other areas of the organ

34
Q

review of system (nervous system)

A

-changes in memory
-mood changes
-dizziness
-loss of balance
-falls
-tingling
-numbness

35
Q

physical exam (nervous system)

A

-level of consciousness (alert, lethargic, unconscious)
-orientation (alert and oriented x3: person, place, time)
-remote memory/recent memory
-thought content
-mood
-balance/coordination
-gait

36
Q

review of system (cardiovascular system)

A

-chest pain
-palpitations
-leg swelling
-unhealing sores/lesions on legs
-hair loss on legs
-noticeable veins on legs

37
Q

physical exam (cardiovascular system)

A

-inspect for limb swelling (edema), color, venous patterns
-palpation of pulses bilaterally
-auscultation of heart sounds (abnormal rate/rhythm, murmurs, extra beats, distant?)

38
Q

review of system (pulmonary system)

A

-shortness of breath (at rest vs. on exertion)
-pain with inspiration
-cough (dry vs. wet)
-wheezing

39
Q

physical exam (pulmonary system)

A

-inspect work of breathing (posture, flaring nostrils)
-able to complete a full sentence
-cough
-palpation of air pockets trapped under skin
-auscultate lung sounds (compare bilaterally, increased/decreased breath sounds, unequal breath sounds, absent breath sounds?)

40
Q

review of system (gastrointestinal system)

A

-abdominal pain
-heartburn
-nausea/vomiting
-constipation/diarrhea
-changes in stool color

41
Q

physical exam (gastrointestinal system)

A

-inspect abdomen size, contours, scars
-auscultate bowel sounds (compare 4 quadrants for increased/decreased sounds, unequal sounds, and absent sounds)
-percuss to measure size of lives/spleen
-palpate for masses/fluid/tenderness (light vs. deep, guarding, rebound tenderness)

42
Q

review of system (genitourinary system)

A

-changes in urine color
-changes in urine frequency
-changes in urine amount
-increased urgency
-pee in the middle of the night
-pelvic pain/flank pain/lower back pain
-reproductive system assessment if needed

43
Q

physical exam (genitourinary system)

A

-inspect for pelvic distension
-inspect for abnormal changes to genito-urethral area
-palpate flanks and lower back
-percuss on back bilaterally

44
Q

review of system (musculoskeletal system)

A

-muscle cramps
-muscle weakness
-joint pain/stiffness
-limited mobility
-trouble walking
-injuries

45
Q

physical exam (musculoskeletal system)

A

-inspect for swelling, deformities, symmetry, atrophy
-palpate for deformities, temperature, tenderness
-assess range of motion (active vs. passive)

46
Q

review of system (integumentary system)

A

-dry skin
-itchy skin
-rashes/lesions/sores/bumps
-bruises (provoked)
-changes in mole size/characteristics
-changes in hair/nails

47
Q

physical exam (integumentary system)

A

-inspect skin throughout body for lesions, bruises, abnormalities
-inspect mucous membranes
-inspect nails
-palpate for moisture, temperature, texture, turgor (ability for skin to return to place freely)

48
Q

review of system (eyes)

A

-blurry vision/changes in vision
-pain
-watering/redness/itching

49
Q

physical exam (eyes)

A

-inspect:
eyelids
enophthalmos/exophthalmos
color of conjunctiva/sclera
pupils (equality, size, shape, reaction to light)
visual acuity
extraocular movements

50
Q

enophthalmos

A

inward eye sockets

51
Q

exophthalmos

A

outward eye sockets (protruding eye)

52
Q

review of system (ears)

A

-ringing in ears (tinnitus)
-changes in your hearing
-pain your ears

53
Q

physical exam (ears)

A

-inspect:
outer ears, middle, and inner ear (via otoscope)
auditory acuity
-palpate external ears, mastoid process, tragus (for tenderness, masses, bruising)

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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