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Medical Terminology > Eye Terms (Ch 17) > Flashcards

Eye Terms (Ch 17) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

accommodation

A

normal adjustment of the eye to focus on objects from far to near

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2
Q

amblyopia

A

decreased visual acuity often in a single eye and appearing in children; lazy eye

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3
Q

anisocoria

A

inequality in the size of pupils

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4
Q

anterior chamber

A

area of the eye behind the cornea and in front of the lens and iris (contains aqueous humor)

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5
Q

aphakia

A

absence of the lens of the eye

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6
Q

aqueous humor

A

fluid produced by the ciliary body and found in the anterior chamber of the eye

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7
Q

astigmatism

A

defective curvature of the cornea or lens of the eye

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8
Q

biconvex

A

consisting of two surfaces that are rounded, elevated, and curved evenly, like part of a sphere (lens of the eye is a biconvex body)

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9
Q

blepharitis

A

inflammation of an eyelid

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10
Q

blepharoptosis

A

sagging or drooping eyelid; ptosis

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11
Q

cataract

A

clouding of the lens, causing decreased vision

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12
Q

chalazion

A

small, hard, cystic mass (granuloma) on the eyelid

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13
Q

choroid

A

middle, vascular layer of the eye, between the retina and the sclera

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14
Q

ciliary body

A

structure surrounding the lens that connected the iris to the choroid (contains ciliary muscles, which control the shape of the lens and secretes aqueous humor)

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15
Q

cone

A

photoreceptor cell in the retina that transforms light energy into a nerve impulse (responsible for color and central vision)

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16
Q

conjunctiva

A

delicate membrane lining the eyelids and covering the eyeball up to the cornea

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17
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation of the conjunctiva

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18
Q

cornea

A

fibrous transparent layer of clear tissue that extends over the anterior portion of the eyeball

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19
Q

corneal abrasion

A

superficial scratch on the cornea (front the eye)

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20
Q

corneoscleral

A

pertaining to the cornea and sclera (white of the eye)

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21
Q

cycloplegic

A

pertaining to the paralysis of the ciliary muscles of the eye

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22
Q

dacryoadenitis

A

inflammation of tear glands

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23
Q

diabetic retinopathy

A

disease of the retina caused by diabetes mellitus; microaneurysms, hemorrhages, dilation of retinal veins, and neovascularization in the retina

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24
Q

diplopia

A

double vision

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25
Q

enucleation

A

removal of the entire eyeball

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26
Q

esotropia

A

turning inward of one or both pupils; “cross eyes”

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27
Q

exotropia

A

turning to the side or outward of one or both pupils

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28
Q

fluorescein angiography

A

intravenous injection of fluorescein (a dye) followed by serial photographs of the retina through dilated pupils

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29
Q

fovea centralis

A

tiny pit or depression in the retina that is the region of clearest vision

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30
Q

fundus of the eye

A

posterior, inner part of the eye; visualized with an ophthalmoscope

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31
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure results in damage to the retina and optic nerve with loss of vision

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32
Q

hemianopsia

A

absence of vision for one half, right or left, of an individual’s field of vision

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33
Q

hordeolum

A

small, superficial white nodule along lid margin due to infection of a sebaceous gland; stye

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34
Q

hyperopia

A

farsightedness; vision condition in which distant objects are seen more clearly than objects that are near

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35
Q

hypertensive retinopathy

A

disease of the retina due to high blood pressure

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36
Q

intraocular

A

pertaining to within the eye

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37
Q

intravitreal

A

pertaining to within the vitreous humor

38
Q

iridectomy

A

removal of a portion of the iris

39
Q

iridic

A

pertaining to the iris

40
Q

iris

A

pigmented (colored) layer of the eye

41
Q

iritis

A

inflammation of the iris of the eye

42
Q

keratitis

A

inflammation of the cornea of the eye

43
Q

keratoplasty

A

surgical repair of the cornea of the eye; corneal transplant

44
Q

lacrimal

A

pertaining to tears

45
Q

lacrimation

A

production of tears

46
Q

laser photocoagulation

A

intense, precisely focused light beam (argon laser) creates an inflammatory reaction that seals retinal tears and leaky retinal blood vessels

47
Q

lens

A

transparent, biconvex body behind the pupil of the eye that bends light rays to bring them into focus on the retina

48
Q

macular degeneration

A

progressive damage to the macula of the retina and resulting in loss of central vision

49
Q

miosis

A

contraction of the pupil of the eye

50
Q

miotic

A

drug that causes the pupil of the eye to contract

51
Q

mydriasis

A

widening of the pupil of the eye

52
Q

myopia

A

nearsightedness; vision condition in which close objects are seen more clearly than objects that are far

53
Q

nyctalopia

A

night blindness; difficult, poor vision at night

54
Q

nystagmus

A

repetitive, rhythmic movements of one or both eyes

55
Q

ophthalmic

A

pertaining to the eye

56
Q

ophthalmologist

A

medical doctor specializing in the diseases of the eye

57
Q

ophthalmoplegia

A

paralysis of muscles that move the eyeball

58
Q

ophthalmoscopy

A

visual examination of the interior of the eye

59
Q

optic chiasm

A

point at which optic nerve fibers cross in the brain

60
Q

optic disc

A

region at the back of the eye where the optic nerve meets the retina (blind spot of the eye because only contains nerve fibers, no rods or cones and thus insensitive to light)

61
Q

optic nerve

A

cranial nerve carrying impulses from the retina to the brain (cerebral cortex)

62
Q

optical coherence tomography

A

non-invasive imaging technique using light waves to take cross-sectional pictures of the retina

63
Q

optician

A

non-medical professional trained in grinding lenses and fitting eyeglasses

64
Q

optometrist

A

non-medical professional trained to examine and measure the eye to prescribe and fit eyeglasses and contact lenses

65
Q

palpebral

A

pertaining to an eyelid

66
Q

papilledema

A

swelling of the optic disc; associated with increased pressure within the eye

67
Q

phacoemulsification

A

cataract removal surgery in which ultrasonic vibrations break up a cloudy lens; the pieces are then aspirated through the ultrasonic probe and new intraocular lens is inserted

68
Q

photophobia

A

sensitivity to light

69
Q

presbypopia

A

impairment of vision as a result of old age

70
Q

pupil

A

central opening of the eye, surrounded by the iris, through which light rays pass and appears dark

71
Q

pupillary

A

pertaining to the pupil of the eye

72
Q

refraction

A

bending of light rays by the cornea, lens, and fluids of the eye to bring the rays into focus on the retina

73
Q

retina

A

light-sensitive nerve cell layer of the eye containing photoreceptor cells (rods and cones)

74
Q

retinal detachment

A

two layers of the retina separate from each other

75
Q

retinitis pigmentosa

A

inflammation of the retina with pigmentation and progressive scarring of tissue

76
Q

rod

A

photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in low light and for peripheral vision

77
Q

sclera

A

tough, white outer coat of the eyeball

78
Q

scleral buckle

A

suture of a silicone band to the sclera over a detached portion of the retina

79
Q

scleritis

A

inflammation of the sclera

80
Q

scotoma

A

blind spot in the field of vision

81
Q

slit lamp microscopy

A

examination of anterior ocular structures under microscopic magnification

82
Q

strabismus

A

abnormal deviation of the eye; esotropia or exotropia are examples

83
Q

thalamus

A

main relay center of the brain where optic nerve fibers pass through on their way to the cerebral cortex

84
Q

tonometry

A

measurement of tension and pressure within the eye; glaucoma test

85
Q

trabeculoplasty

A

procedure using a laser beam to reduce intraocular pressure in patients with glaucoma

86
Q

uveitis

A

inflammation of the uvea, which is the vascular layer of the eye (including the iris, choroid, and ciliary body)

87
Q

visual acuity test

A

eye exam that measures clarity of vision

88
Q

visual field test

A

eye examination that measure the entire scope of vision (peripheral and central)

89
Q

vitrectomy

A

removal of vitreous humor

90
Q

vitreous humor

A

soft, jelly-like material behind the lens in the vitreous chamber; helps maintain the shape of the eyeball

91
Q

xerophthalmia

A

condition of excessive dryness of the eye

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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