General Terms (Ch 15) Flashcards
1
Q
acetabular
A
pertaining to the acetabulum
2
Q
acetabulum
A
rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint
3
Q
acromion
A
outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder
4
Q
articular cartilage
A
smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together at a joint
5
Q
bone
A
dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton
6
Q
bone depression
A
opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves
7
Q
bone process
A
enlarged area that extends out from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments
8
Q
calcaneal
A
pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone)
9
Q
calcaneus
A
heel bone
10
Q
calcium
A
one of the mineral constituents of bone
11
Q
cancellous bone
A
spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone
12
Q
carpals
A
bones of the wrist
13
Q
cartilage
A
flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints (articular cartilage)
14
Q
cervical vertebrae
A
seven backbones in the neck
15
Q
chondrocostal
A
pertaining to cartilage that is attached to the ribs
16
Q
clavicle
A
collar bone
17
Q
coccyx
A
tailbone
18
Q
collagen
A
dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues such as ligaments, tendons, and skin
19
Q
compact bone
A
hard, dense bone tissue, forming the outer portion of bones
20
Q
cranial bones
A
bones of the skull; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal
21
Q
craniotome
A
instrument to cut the skull (cranium)
22
Q
craniotomy
A
incision of the skull
23
Q
crepitus
A
crackling sound produced when ends of bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage
24
Q
decalcification
A
loss of calcium from bones
25
diaphysis
shaft or mid-portion of a long bone
26
disc
pad of cartilage between vertebrae
27
epiphyseal plate
cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton
28
epiphysis
each end of a long bone
29
ethmoid bone
thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eye
30
ewing sarcoma
rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children
31
exostosis
bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone
32
facial bones
bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic bones
33
femoral
pertaining to the femur
34
femur
thigh bone
35
fibula
small of the two lower leg bones
36
fibular
pertaining to the fibula
37
fontanelle
soft spot between skull bones of an infant
38
foramen magnum
opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes
39
fracture
traumatic breaking of a bone
40
frontal bone
skull bone that forms the forehead and bony sockets that contains the eyes
41
haversian canals
minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone
42
humeral
pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone)
43
humerus
upper arm bone
44
hypercalcemia
high levels of calcium in blood
45
iliac
pertaining to the ilium; right or left upper most portion of the hip bone
46
ilium
upper and largest portion of the hip bone
47
infrapatellar
pertaining to below the patella (kneecap)
48
ischial
pertaining to the ischium (posterior portion of the hip bone)
49
ischium
posterior (back) portion of the hip bone
50
kyphosis
abnormal condition of outward curvature (convexity) of the thoracic spine; humpback
51
lacrimal bones
two small facial bones that contain tear glands and canals for the passage of tear ducts
52
lamina
one of two posterior (back) arches of a vertebra
53
laminectomy
surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to relieve pressure on a protruding intervertebral disc
54
lordosis
anterior (forward) curvature of the lumbar spinal column; in it's extreme form it's known as "swayback"
55
lumbar vertebrae
five backbones in the region of the waist
56
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back
57
malleolar
pertaining to a malleoulus
58
malleolus
round process on both sides of the ankle joint
59
mandible
lower jaw bone
60
mandibular
pertaining to the lower jaw bone
61
manubrium
upper portion of the sternum (breastbone)
62
mastoid process
rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear
63
maxilla
upper jaw bone
64
maxillary
pertaining to the upper jaw bones
65
medullary cavity
central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone
66
metacarpals
hand bones
67
metacarpectomy
removal of hand bones
68
metaphysis
flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone and the epiphyseal plate at the end of the bone
69
metatarsalgia
foot pain
70
metatarsals
foot bones
71
myelopoiesis
formation of bone marrow
72
nasal bones
two facial bones that form the nose
73
occipital bone
posterior portion of the skull (cranium)
74
olecranal
pertaining to the elbow (olecranon)
75
olecranon
large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow
76
orthopedics
surgical specialty devoted to straightening, correcting, and treating deformities and diseases in the bones
77
osseous tissue
bone tissue
78
ossification
process of bone formation
79
osteitis
inflammation of bone
80
osteoblast
bone cell that helps form bony tissue
81
osteoclast
bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue
82
osteodystrophy
abnormal development of bone
83
osteogenesis imperfecta
genetic disorder involving defective bone development; bones are brittle and fragile caused by abnormal collagen production; fractures occur with the slightest trauma
84
osteogenic sarcoma
cancerous (malignant) tumor produced in bone; osteosarcoma
85
osteomalacia
softening of bones
86
osteomyelitis
inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary to (following) infection
87
osteopenia
deficiency of bone; a precursor of osteoporosis
88
osteoporosis
decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone
89
osteotome
instrument to cut bone
90
parietal bone
one of two bones on either side of the skull
91
patella
kneecap
92
pelvic
pertaining to the pelvis
93
periosteum
membrane surrounding bones
94
phalangeal
pertaining to finger and toe bones
95
phalanges
finger and toe bones
96
phosphorus
mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium
97
physiatrist
medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation
98
pubic
pertaining to the anterior part of the pelvis
99
pubic symphysis
junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis
100
pubis
one of two bones forming the front portion of the pelvis
101
radial
pertaining to the radius, a bone in the lower arm (thumb side of the wrist)
102
radius
bone in lower arm on the thumb side of the wrist
103
red bone marrow
soft spongy tissue found in the interior of flat bones such as the hip and breast bone; site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)
104
reduction
reconnection of a bone to its normal position after a fracture
105
ribs
12 pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall
106
sacral vertebrae
bones of the sacrum (lower back below the lumbar region)
107
scapula
shoulder blade
108
scapular
pertaining to the shoulder blade
109
scoliosis
abnormal condition of lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine
110
sella turcica
cavity in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull where the pituitary gland is located
111
sinus
hollow air cavity within a bone
112
sphenoid bone
bat-shaped bone that forms part of the base of the skull
113
spondylolisthesis
forward slipping (subluxation) of one vertebra over another
114
spondylosis
abnormal condition of the spine (vertebral column) characterized by stiffness and fixation of vertebral joints
115
sternum
breast bone
116
styloid process
pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull
117
subcostal
pertaining to under the ribs
118
supraclavicular
pertaining to above the clavicle (collar bone)
119
suture
immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)
120
talipes
attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body
121
tarsals
ankle bones
122
tarsectomy
removal of an ankle bone
123
temporal bone
one of two bones on each side of the skull near the ear
124
temporomandibular joint
connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw
125
thoracic vertebrae
12 backbones in the region of the chest
126
tibia
larger of the two lower leg bones
127
tibial
pertaining to the larger of the two lower leg bones
128
trabeculae
supporting the latticework of bone fibers in cancellous, spongy (soft) bone
129
ulna
one of the two bones in the lower arm; connects to the wrist on the little finger side
130
ulnar
pertaining to the ulna
131
vertebra (pl. vertebrae)
single backbone; individual segment of the spine
132
vertebroplasty
surgical repair of a vertebra
133
vomer
thin plate of bone that forms part of the nasal septum, which is the wall separating the nostrils
134
xiphoid process
lower, narrow portion of the sternum (breastbone)
135
yellow bone marrow
fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity (shaft) of most adult long bones
136
zygomatic bones
cheekbones of the face
