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Medical Terminology > General Terms (Ch 15) > Flashcards

General Terms (Ch 15) Flashcards

1
Q

acetabular

A

pertaining to the acetabulum

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2
Q

acetabulum

A

rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur, forming the hip joint

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3
Q

acromion

A

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder

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4
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together at a joint

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5
Q

bone

A

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton

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6
Q

bone depression

A

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves

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7
Q

bone process

A

enlarged area that extends out from bones as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments

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8
Q

calcaneal

A

pertaining to the calcaneus (heel bone)

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9
Q

calcaneus

A

heel bone

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10
Q

calcium

A

one of the mineral constituents of bone

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11
Q

cancellous bone

A

spongy, porous bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

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12
Q

carpals

A

bones of the wrist

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13
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints (articular cartilage)

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14
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

seven backbones in the neck

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15
Q

chondrocostal

A

pertaining to cartilage that is attached to the ribs

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16
Q

clavicle

A

collar bone

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17
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

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18
Q

collagen

A

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues such as ligaments, tendons, and skin

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19
Q

compact bone

A

hard, dense bone tissue, forming the outer portion of bones

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20
Q

cranial bones

A

bones of the skull; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

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21
Q

craniotome

A

instrument to cut the skull (cranium)

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22
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

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23
Q

crepitus

A

crackling sound produced when ends of bone rub against each other or against roughened cartilage

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24
Q

decalcification

A

loss of calcium from bones

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25
Q

diaphysis

A

shaft or mid-portion of a long bone

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26
Q

disc

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

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27
Q

epiphyseal plate

A

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

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28
Q

epiphysis

A

each end of a long bone

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29
Q

ethmoid bone

A

thin, delicate bone that supports the nasal cavity and forms part of the orbits of the eye

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30
Q

ewing sarcoma

A

rare malignant tumor arising in bone; most often occurring in children

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31
Q

exostosis

A

bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of bone

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32
Q

facial bones

A

bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic bones

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33
Q

femoral

A

pertaining to the femur

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34
Q

femur

A

thigh bone

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35
Q

fibula

A

small of the two lower leg bones

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36
Q

fibular

A

pertaining to the fibula

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37
Q

fontanelle

A

soft spot between skull bones of an infant

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38
Q

foramen magnum

A

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

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39
Q

fracture

A

traumatic breaking of a bone

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40
Q

frontal bone

A

skull bone that forms the forehead and bony sockets that contains the eyes

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41
Q

haversian canals

A

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

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42
Q

humeral

A

pertaining to the humerus (upper arm bone)

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43
Q

humerus

A

upper arm bone

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44
Q

hypercalcemia

A

high levels of calcium in blood

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45
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium; right or left upper most portion of the hip bone

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46
Q

ilium

A

upper and largest portion of the hip bone

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47
Q

infrapatellar

A

pertaining to below the patella (kneecap)

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48
Q

ischial

A

pertaining to the ischium (posterior portion of the hip bone)

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49
Q

ischium

A

posterior (back) portion of the hip bone

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50
Q

kyphosis

A

abnormal condition of outward curvature (convexity) of the thoracic spine; humpback

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51
Q

lacrimal bones

A

two small facial bones that contain tear glands and canals for the passage of tear ducts

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52
Q

lamina

A

one of two posterior (back) arches of a vertebra

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53
Q

laminectomy

A

surgical removal of a portion of the vertebral arch (lamina) to relieve pressure on a protruding intervertebral disc

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54
Q

lordosis

A

anterior (forward) curvature of the lumbar spinal column; in it’s extreme form it’s known as “swayback”

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55
Q

lumbar vertebrae

A

five backbones in the region of the waist

56
Q

lumbosacral

A

pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back

57
Q

malleolar

A

pertaining to a malleoulus

58
Q

malleolus

A

round process on both sides of the ankle joint

59
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

60
Q

mandibular

A

pertaining to the lower jaw bone

61
Q

manubrium

A

upper portion of the sternum (breastbone)

62
Q

mastoid process

A

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

63
Q

maxilla

A

upper jaw bone

64
Q

maxillary

A

pertaining to the upper jaw bones

65
Q

medullary cavity

A

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

66
Q

metacarpals

A

hand bones

67
Q

metacarpectomy

A

removal of hand bones

68
Q

metaphysis

A

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) of the bone and the epiphyseal plate at the end of the bone

69
Q

metatarsalgia

A

foot pain

70
Q

metatarsals

A

foot bones

71
Q

myelopoiesis

A

formation of bone marrow

72
Q

nasal bones

A

two facial bones that form the nose

73
Q

occipital bone

A

posterior portion of the skull (cranium)

74
Q

olecranal

A

pertaining to the elbow (olecranon)

75
Q

olecranon

A

large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

76
Q

orthopedics

A

surgical specialty devoted to straightening, correcting, and treating deformities and diseases in the bones

77
Q

osseous tissue

A

bone tissue

78
Q

ossification

A

process of bone formation

79
Q

osteitis

A

inflammation of bone

80
Q

osteoblast

A

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

81
Q

osteoclast

A

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

82
Q

osteodystrophy

A

abnormal development of bone

83
Q

osteogenesis imperfecta

A

genetic disorder involving defective bone development; bones are brittle and fragile caused by abnormal collagen production; fractures occur with the slightest trauma

84
Q

osteogenic sarcoma

A

cancerous (malignant) tumor produced in bone; osteosarcoma

85
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bones

86
Q

osteomyelitis

A

inflammation of bone and bone marrow secondary to (following) infection

87
Q

osteopenia

A

deficiency of bone; a precursor of osteoporosis

88
Q

osteoporosis

A

decrease in bone density (mass); thinning and weakening of bone

89
Q

osteotome

A

instrument to cut bone

90
Q

parietal bone

A

one of two bones on either side of the skull

91
Q

patella

A

kneecap

92
Q

pelvic

A

pertaining to the pelvis

93
Q

periosteum

A

membrane surrounding bones

94
Q

phalangeal

A

pertaining to finger and toe bones

95
Q

phalanges

A

finger and toe bones

96
Q

phosphorus

A

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

97
Q

physiatrist

A

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

98
Q

pubic

A

pertaining to the anterior part of the pelvis

99
Q

pubic symphysis

A

junction of the two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis

100
Q

pubis

A

one of two bones forming the front portion of the pelvis

101
Q

radial

A

pertaining to the radius, a bone in the lower arm (thumb side of the wrist)

102
Q

radius

A

bone in lower arm on the thumb side of the wrist

103
Q

red bone marrow

A

soft spongy tissue found in the interior of flat bones such as the hip and breast bone; site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)

104
Q

reduction

A

reconnection of a bone to its normal position after a fracture

105
Q

ribs

A

12 pairs of curved bones that form the chest wall

106
Q

sacral vertebrae

A

bones of the sacrum (lower back below the lumbar region)

107
Q

scapula

A

shoulder blade

108
Q

scapular

A

pertaining to the shoulder blade

109
Q

scoliosis

A

abnormal condition of lateral (sideways) curvature of the spine

110
Q

sella turcica

A

cavity in the sphenoid bone at the base of the skull where the pituitary gland is located

111
Q

sinus

A

hollow air cavity within a bone

112
Q

sphenoid bone

A

bat-shaped bone that forms part of the base of the skull

113
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

forward slipping (subluxation) of one vertebra over another

114
Q

spondylosis

A

abnormal condition of the spine (vertebral column) characterized by stiffness and fixation of vertebral joints

115
Q

sternum

A

breast bone

116
Q

styloid process

A

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

117
Q

subcostal

A

pertaining to under the ribs

118
Q

supraclavicular

A

pertaining to above the clavicle (collar bone)

119
Q

suture

A

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)

120
Q

talipes

A

attaching a radionuclide to a chemical and following its path in the body

121
Q

tarsals

A

ankle bones

122
Q

tarsectomy

A

removal of an ankle bone

123
Q

temporal bone

A

one of two bones on each side of the skull near the ear

124
Q

temporomandibular joint

A

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

125
Q

thoracic vertebrae

A

12 backbones in the region of the chest

126
Q

tibia

A

larger of the two lower leg bones

127
Q

tibial

A

pertaining to the larger of the two lower leg bones

128
Q

trabeculae

A

supporting the latticework of bone fibers in cancellous, spongy (soft) bone

129
Q

ulna

A

one of the two bones in the lower arm; connects to the wrist on the little finger side

130
Q

ulnar

A

pertaining to the ulna

131
Q

vertebra (pl. vertebrae)

A

single backbone; individual segment of the spine

132
Q

vertebroplasty

A

surgical repair of a vertebra

133
Q

vomer

A

thin plate of bone that forms part of the nasal septum, which is the wall separating the nostrils

134
Q

xiphoid process

A

lower, narrow portion of the sternum (breastbone)

135
Q

yellow bone marrow

A

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity (shaft) of most adult long bones

136
Q

zygomatic bones

A

cheekbones of the face

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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