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Medical Terminology > Pathology, Lab Tests, Clinical Procedures (Ch 10) > Flashcards

Pathology, Lab Tests, Clinical Procedures (Ch 10) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

absence seizure

A

minor form of seizure, consisting of momentary clouding of consciousness and loss of awareness

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2
Q

alzheimer disease

A

brain disorder marked by gradual and progressive mental deterioration, personality changes, and impairment of daily functioning

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3
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem leading to progressive muscular paralysis; lou gehrig disease

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4
Q

aneurysm

A

weakening of an arterial wall, which may lead to hemorrhage and cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

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5
Q

astrocytoma

A

malignant brain tumor composed of astrocytes (glial cells)

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6
Q

aura

A

peculiar sensation appearing before more definite symptoms

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7
Q

bell palsy

A

unilateral paralysis of the face caused by a disorder of the facial nerve

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8
Q

brain tumor

A

abnormal growth of brain tissue and meninges; may be benign or malignant growth

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9
Q

cerebral angiography

A

x-ray record of blood vessels in the brain after intravenous injection of contrast material

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10
Q

cerebral concussion

A

type of traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head

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11
Q

cerebral contusion

A

bruising of brain tissue resulting from direct trauma to the head

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12
Q

cerebral hemorrhage

A

bursting of an artery in the brain

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13
Q

cerebral palsy

A

partial paralysis and lack of muscular coordination due to decreased oxygen to a fetus during pregnancy or to the infant shortly after birth

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14
Q

cerebrospinal fluid analysis

A

samples of cerebrospinal fluid are examined for blood cells, protein, glucose, tumor cells, bacteria, and other substances

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15
Q

cerebrovascular accident

A

disruption of the normal blood supply to the brain; a stroke or CVA

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16
Q

computed tomography

A

cross-sectional x-ray imaging of an organ with or without contrast material

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17
Q

dementia

A

mental decline and deterioration

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18
Q

demyelination

A

destruction of myelin on axons of nerve cells (as in multiple sclerosis)

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19
Q

dopamine

A

neurotransmitter in the central nervous system; deficient in patients with parkinson disease

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20
Q

doppler/ultrasound studies

A

method of focusing sound waves on blood vessels to measure blood flow

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21
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording the electricity in the brain

22
Q

embolus

A

clot of material that travels through the bloodstream and suddenly blocks a vessel

23
Q

epilepsy

A

brain disorder marked by recurrent attacks (seizures) of abnormal nervous impulses

24
Q

gait

A

manner of walking

25
Q

glioblastoma

A

malignant brain tumor of immature glial cells

26
Q

herpes zoster

A

viral infection affecting peripheral nerves; chicken pox virus or its reactivation (shingles)

27
Q

HIV encephalopathy

A

disease of the brain caused by infection with the HIV

28
Q

huntington disease

A

hereditary disorder affecting the cerebrum and involving abrupt, involuntary, jerking movements, and mental deterioration in later stages

29
Q

hydrocephalus

A

abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles (canals) of the brain

30
Q

ictal event

A

pertaining to a sudden, acute onset, as the convulsion of an epileptic seizure

31
Q

lumbar puncture

A

withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid from the subarachnoid space between two lumbar vertebrae; spinal tap

32
Q

magnetic resonance imaging

A

magnetic waves and radio waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body; MRI

33
Q

meningitis

A

inflammation of the meninges

34
Q

meningocele

A

hernia of the meninges through a defect or space between vertebrae; a form of spina bifida

35
Q

migraine

A

severe headache, often unilateral, and sometimes accompanied by nausea and vomiting

36
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

chronic neurologic disorder marked by destruction of the myelin sheath on axons in the CNS

37
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to muscle cell

38
Q

occlusion

A

blockage or obstruction

39
Q

palliative

A

relieving symptoms, but not curative

40
Q

palsy

A

paralysis

41
Q

parkinson disease

A

degeneration of nerve cells that produce the neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain; leads to tremors, weakness of muscles, and slowness of movement

42
Q

positron emission tomography

A

radioactive glucose is injected and then detected in tissues of the body to image the metabolic activity of cells; PET scan

43
Q

shingles

A

viral (herpes zoster) illness that affects the peripheral nerves; produces blisters and pain on the skin overlying the path of peripheral nerves

44
Q

spina bifida

A

congenital defect in the lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral parts; spinal cord and meninges may herniate through the vertebral gap

45
Q

stereotatic radiosurgery

A

single large dose of radiation delivered under stereotactic (highly precise) guidance to destory a vascular abnormality or treat small brain tumors

46
Q

thrombus

A

abnormal clot formation in a blood vessel; a blood clot

47
Q

tic

A

involuntary movement of a small group of muscles

48
Q

tonic-clonic seizure

A

major seizure affecting the brain in epilepsy; grand-mal seizure

49
Q

tourette syndrome

A

involuntary, spasmodic movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds; and inappropriate words

50
Q

transient ischemic attack

A

fleeting episode of ischemia (holding back blood) in the brain; TIA

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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