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Medical Terminology > Terms (Ch 3) > Flashcards

Terms (Ch 3) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominocentesis

A

puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen

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2
Q

achondroplasia

A

inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; achondroplastic dwarfism

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3
Q

acromegaly

A

enlargement of extremities due to increased secretion of growth hormone from the pituitary gland after puberty

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4
Q

acrophobia

A

fear of heights

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5
Q

acute

A

characterized by severe symptoms and a short course of illness

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6
Q

adenoids

A

small masses of lymphatic tissue in the throat, close to the nasal (nose) passageway

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7
Q

adipose

A

pertaining to fat

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8
Q

agoraphobia

A

fear of open spaces; an anxiety disorder

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9
Q

amniocentesis

A

puncture with a needle to withdraw fluid from within the amniotic sac

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10
Q

anemia

A

condition marked by reduction in the number of erythrocytes or in the amount of hemoglobin in blood

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11
Q

angiogenesis

A

formation of blood vessels

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12
Q

angiography

A

x-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

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13
Q

angioplasty

A

surgical repair of a blood vessel

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14
Q

arteriole

A

small artery

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15
Q

arteriosclerosis

A

hardening of an artery with collection of fatty plaque

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16
Q

arthralgia

A

joint pain

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17
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue of the body; wasting away

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18
Q

axillary

A

pertaining to the under arm arm or armpit

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19
Q

basophil

A

white blood cell containing granules that stain blue (with a basic dye); associated with release of histamine and heparin

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20
Q

biopsy

A

process of removing a small piece of living tissue for microscopic examination

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21
Q

blepharoptosis

A

sagging or drooping eyelid; ptosis

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22
Q

bronchitis

A

inflammation of bronchial tubes

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23
Q

carcinogenesis

A

formation or production of cancer

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24
Q

carcinogenic

A

pertaining to producing cancer

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25
Q

cardiac

A

pertaining to the heart

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26
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

disease of heart muscle

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27
Q

chemotherapy

A

treatment using drugs

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28
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

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29
Q

chronic

A

pertaining to occurring over a long time

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30
Q

colostomy

A

new opening of the colon through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body

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31
Q

cystocele

A

hernia of the urinary bladder

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32
Q

electroencephalograph

A

instrument used to record the electricity in the brain

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33
Q

electroencephalogram

A

record of the electricity in the brain

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34
Q

electroencephalography

A

process of recording the electricity in the brain

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35
Q

eosinophil

A

white blood cell (leukocyte) containing dark granules that stain rosy with eosin (a reddish dye); associated with allergic reactions

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36
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell

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37
Q

erythropenia

A

deficiency of red blood cells

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38
Q

esophagus

A

tube that carries food from the pharynx (throat) to the stomach

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39
Q

hematoma

A

collection or mass of blood

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40
Q

hemolysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

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41
Q

hemostasis

A

stoppage of bleeding or the flow of blood

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42
Q

hydronephrosis

A

abnormal condition of excess backup of fluid (urine) in the kidney

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43
Q

hydrotherapy

A

treatment using water; whirlpool baths

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44
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells

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45
Q

inguinal

A

pertaining to the groin

46
Q

ischemia

A

condition of holding back blood from an organ or tissue

47
Q

laparoscope

A

instrument used to visually examine the abdomen using small incisions and with the aid of a camera

48
Q

laparoscopy

A

process of visually examining the abdomen using an endoscope (laparoscope); minimally invasive surgery

49
Q

laparotomy

A

incision (large) of the abdomen for diagnosis and treatment; this is exploratory or open surgery

50
Q

laryngeal

A

pertaining to the larynx (voice box)

51
Q

laryngectomy

A

removal of the larynx or voice box

52
Q

leukemia

A

blood condition of high numbers of malignant (cancerous) white blood cells

53
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell

54
Q

leukocytosis

A

condition of slight increase in normal white blood cells; often the result of inflammation or infection

55
Q

lymphocyte

A

type of white blood cell (leukocyte) found in lymph nodes and blood; part of the immune system that fights disease

56
Q

mammogram

A

record (x-ray) of the breast

57
Q

mastectomy

A

removal (excision) of a breast

58
Q

metastasis

A

spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site

59
Q

monocyte

A

white blood cell with one large nucleus; capable of engulfing foreign material and debris (phagocytosis); become macrophages as they leave the blood and enter body tissues

60
Q

morphology

A

study of the shape or form of cells

61
Q

mucous membrane

A

lining of body cavities and tubular organs; secretes mucus

62
Q

mucus

A

sticky substance that is secreted from a mucous membrane

63
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

64
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord

65
Q

myeloma

A

malignant tumor of bone marrow

66
Q

myoma

A

tumor (benign) of muscle

67
Q

myocardial

A

pertaining to the heart muscle

68
Q

myosarcoma

A

tumor (malignant) of muscle tissue; a type of sarcoma (tumor of flesh tissue in the body)

69
Q

necropsy

A

viewing a dead body; used in veterinary medicine

70
Q

necrosis

A

condition of death of cells

71
Q

necrotic

A

pertaining to death of cells

72
Q

nephrologist

A

a specialist in the study of the kidneys

73
Q

nephropathy

A

disease of the kidneys

74
Q

neuralgia

A

nerve pain

75
Q

neutropenia

A

deficiency of neutrophils

76
Q

neutrophil

A

white blood cell (granulocytic leukocyte) containing dark staining granules and protecting the body from infection; most abundant type of WBC and can also be called polymorphonuclear leukocyte

77
Q

ophthalmology

A

study of the eye and eye disorders

78
Q

opioid

A

substance either resembling or derived from opium (ex: cocaine, morphine, and heroin)

79
Q

osteogenic

A

pertaining to produced in or by bone

80
Q

osteomalacia

A

softening of bones

81
Q

otalgia

A

ear pain

82
Q

paracentesis

A

puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen; abdominocentesis

83
Q

pathogenesis

A

development of disease

84
Q

pathologic

A

pertaining to the study of disease

85
Q

pericardium

A

double-layered membrane surrounding the heart

86
Q

peritoneal

A

pertaining to the peritoneum (double-layered membrane surrounding the abdomen)

87
Q

phlebotomy

A

incision of a vein (for the removal of blood)

88
Q

platelet

A

clotting cell; thrombocyte

89
Q

pleural

A

pertaining to the pleura (double-layered membrane surrounding the lungs)

90
Q

pleurodynia

A

pain associated with the pleura

91
Q

pneumonia

A

acute inflammation and infection of the alveoli of the lungs

92
Q

polymorphonuclear leukocyte

A

white blood cell with multi-lobe nucleus and dark-staining granules; fight infection

93
Q

ptosis

A

prolapse, drooping, sagging of the upper eyelid

94
Q

pulmonary

A

pertaining to the lungs

95
Q

radiographer

A

one who assists a radiologist in performing diagnostic x-ray procedures

96
Q

radiotherapy

A

treatment using radiation, high-energy x-rays or other radiation sources; also called radiation therapy or radiation oncology

97
Q

rectocele

A

hernia of the rectum

98
Q

rhinorrhea

A

discharge of mucus from the nose

99
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

100
Q

staphylococci

A

berry or spherical shaped bacteria arranged in clusters

101
Q

streptococcus

A

berry or spherical shaped bacterium in a twisted chain formation

102
Q

thoracentesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the chest

103
Q

thrombocyte

A

clotting cell; platelet

104
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

deficiency of clotting cells

105
Q

thrombophlebitis

A

inflammation of a vein associated with formation of a thrombus or clot

106
Q

tonsillar

A

pertaining to the tonsils

107
Q

tonsillitis

A

inflammation of tonsils

108
Q

tracheostomy

A

new opening of the trachea to the outside of the body

109
Q

tracheotomy

A

incision of the trachea

110
Q

venule

A

small vein

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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