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Medical Terminology > Terms (Ch 2) > Flashcards

Terms (Ch 2) Flashcards

1
Q

abdomen

A

space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; abdominal cavity

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2
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; abdomen

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3
Q

adipose

A

pertaining to fat

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4
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins in cells

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5
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front portion of the body; ventral

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6
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints (articular cartilage)

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7
Q

catabolism

A

cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy is released to do the work of the cell

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8
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell; allows materials to pass in and out

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9
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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10
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck of the body or neck-like lower portion of the uterus

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11
Q

chondroma

A

tumor of cartilage; benign (non-cancerous)

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12
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant (cancerous) tumor of cartilage. the root sarc indicates the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue

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13
Q

chromosome

A

rod-shaped structure in the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA)

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14
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx

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15
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

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16
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

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17
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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19
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body or an organ

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20
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. the diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing

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21
Q

disc

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

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22
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk of the body or far from the beginning of a structure

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23
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back, or posterior portion of the body

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24
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell; site of protein synthesis

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25
epigastric region
middle upper abdominopelvic region (above the stomach)
26
epinephrine
hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury; adrenaline. it's part of the body's "fight or flight" reaction
27
epithelial cells
skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs: epithelium
28
frontal plane
vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions; coronal plane
29
genes
regions of DNA within each chromosomes
30
histology
study of tissues
31
hypochondriac regions
right and left upper abdominopelvic regions (beneath the ribs)
32
hypogastric region
middle lower abdominopelvic region (below the umbilical region)
33
iliac
pertaining to the ilium; right or left upper most portion of the hip bone
34
inferior
below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body
35
inguinal regions
right and left lower abdominopelvic regions (near the groin)
36
intervertebral
pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones)
37
intravenous
pertaining to within a vein
38
karyotype
picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
39
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx (voice box)
40
larynx
voice box; located above the trachea (windpipe)
41
lateral
pertaining to the side
42
lumbar regions
right and left middle abdominopelvic regions near the waist
43
lumbar spine
pertaining the lower back
44
lumbosacral
pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back
45
medial
pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body
46
mediastinum
centrally located space outside of and between the lungs in the thoracic cavity
47
metabolism
total of the chemical processes in a cell; it includes catabolism and anabolism
48
mitochondria
rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm of the cell that provide principle source of energy; catabolism occurs in the mitochondria
49
nucleic
pertaining to the nucleus
50
nucleus
control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell
51
pelvic cavity
space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs
52
peritoneum
double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity
53
pharyngeal
pertaining to the pharynx (throat)
54
pharynx
throat
55
pituitary gland
endocrine gland at the base of the brain
56
pleura
double-layered membrane surrounding each lung
57
pleural cavity
space between the layers of the pleura
58
posterior
back or dorsal surface of the body or structure
59
prone
lying on the belly (face down, palms down)
60
proximal
near the point of attachment or near the beginning of a structure
61
sacral
pertaining to the sacrum
62
sacrum
large, triangular bone of the back (spine)
63
sagittal plane
lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body of structure into a right and left sides; lateral plane
64
sarcoma
tumor (malignant) of flesh tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and other organs
65
spinal cavity
space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord
66
spinal column
bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity
67
spinal cord
nervous tissue within the spinal cavity
68
superficial
pertaining to on the surface of the body
69
superior
above another structure
70
supine
lying on the back (face up, palms up)
71
thoracic cavity
space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs
72
thoracotomy
incision of the chest
73
thyroid gland
endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck; secretes the hormone, thyroxine
74
trachea
windpipe; tube leading from the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes
75
tracheal
pertaining to the trachea
76
transverse plane
horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions; axial plane
77
umbilical region
central abdominopelvic region near the navel; umbilical means pertaining to the navel
78
ureter
one of the two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
79
urethra
tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
80
uterus
muscular organ in a female that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops; womb
81
ventral
pertaining to the front of anterior portion of the body
82
vertebra
single backbone; individual segment of the spine
83
vertebrae
backbones
84
vertebral
pertaining to backbones
85
viscera
internal organs
86
visceral
pertaining to internal organs
87
RUQ (right upper quadrant)
liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine
88
RLQ (right lower quadrant)
parts of the small and large intestine
89
LUQ (left upper quadrant)
liver (left lobe), stomach, parts of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine, spleen
90
LLQ (left lower quadrant)
parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, and left ureter
91
anatomic position
body in standard reference position (standing erect, arms at the sides, palms facing forward)
92
dorsal recumbent
lying on back with legs bent and feet flat
93
fowler position
lying on back with head of bed raised 45 degrees
94
lateral recumbent
lying on the side

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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