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Medical Terminology > Terms (Ch 2) > Flashcards

Terms (Ch 2) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdomen

A

space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; abdominal cavity

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2
Q

abdominal cavity

A

space in the body below the chest containing organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines; abdomen

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3
Q

adipose

A

pertaining to fat

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4
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins in cells

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5
Q

anterior

A

pertaining to the front portion of the body; ventral

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6
Q

cartilage

A

flexible, connective tissue often attached to bones at joints (articular cartilage)

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7
Q

catabolism

A

cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy is released to do the work of the cell

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8
Q

cell membrane

A

structure surrounding and protecting the cell; allows materials to pass in and out

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9
Q

cephalic

A

pertaining to the head

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10
Q

cervical

A

pertaining to the neck of the body or neck-like lower portion of the uterus

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11
Q

chondroma

A

tumor of cartilage; benign (non-cancerous)

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12
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant (cancerous) tumor of cartilage. the root sarc indicates the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue

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13
Q

chromosome

A

rod-shaped structure in the nucleus of a cell; contains genetic material (DNA)

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14
Q

coccygeal

A

pertaining to the tailbone or coccyx

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15
Q

coccyx

A

tailbone

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16
Q

cranial cavity

A

space in the head containing the brain and surrounded by the skull

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17
Q

craniotomy

A

incision of the skull

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18
Q

cytoplasm

A

all of the material that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane

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19
Q

deep

A

away from the surface of the body or an organ

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20
Q

diaphragm

A

muscle separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities. the diaphragm moves up and down and aids in breathing

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21
Q

disc

A

pad of cartilage between vertebrae

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22
Q

distal

A

far from the point of attachment to the trunk of the body or far from the beginning of a structure

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23
Q

dorsal

A

pertaining to the back, or posterior portion of the body

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24
Q

endoplasmic reticulum

A

network of canals within the cytoplasm of the cell; site of protein synthesis

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25
Q

epigastric region

A

middle upper abdominopelvic region (above the stomach)

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26
Q

epinephrine

A

hormone secreted by the adrenal gland in response to stress and physical injury; adrenaline. it’s part of the body’s “fight or flight” reaction

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27
Q

epithelial cells

A

skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs: epithelium

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28
Q

frontal plane

A

vertical plane dividing the body or structure into anterior and posterior portions; coronal plane

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29
Q

genes

A

regions of DNA within each chromosomes

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30
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

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31
Q

hypochondriac regions

A

right and left upper abdominopelvic regions (beneath the ribs)

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32
Q

hypogastric region

A

middle lower abdominopelvic region (below the umbilical region)

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33
Q

iliac

A

pertaining to the ilium; right or left upper most portion of the hip bone

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34
Q

inferior

A

below another structure; pertaining to the tail or lower portion of the body

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35
Q

inguinal regions

A

right and left lower abdominopelvic regions (near the groin)

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36
Q

intervertebral

A

pertaining to between the vertebrae (backbones)

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37
Q

intravenous

A

pertaining to within a vein

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38
Q

karyotype

A

picture (classification) of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell

39
Q

laryngitis

A

inflammation of the larynx (voice box)

40
Q

larynx

A

voice box; located above the trachea (windpipe)

41
Q

lateral

A

pertaining to the side

42
Q

lumbar regions

A

right and left middle abdominopelvic regions near the waist

43
Q

lumbar spine

A

pertaining the lower back

44
Q

lumbosacral

A

pertaining to the lumbar and sacral regions of the back

45
Q

medial

A

pertaining to the middle or near the medial plane of the body

46
Q

mediastinum

A

centrally located space outside of and between the lungs in the thoracic cavity

47
Q

metabolism

A

total of the chemical processes in a cell; it includes catabolism and anabolism

48
Q

mitochondria

A

rod-shaped structures in the cytoplasm of the cell that provide principle source of energy; catabolism occurs in the mitochondria

49
Q

nucleic

A

pertaining to the nucleus

50
Q

nucleus

A

control center of the cell; contains chromosomes and directs activities of the cell

51
Q

pelvic cavity

A

space below the abdomen containing portions of the intestines, rectum, urinary bladder, and reproductive organs

52
Q

peritoneum

A

double-folded membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity

53
Q

pharyngeal

A

pertaining to the pharynx (throat)

54
Q

pharynx

A

throat

55
Q

pituitary gland

A

endocrine gland at the base of the brain

56
Q

pleura

A

double-layered membrane surrounding each lung

57
Q

pleural cavity

A

space between the layers of the pleura

58
Q

posterior

A

back or dorsal surface of the body or structure

59
Q

prone

A

lying on the belly (face down, palms down)

60
Q

proximal

A

near the point of attachment or near the beginning of a structure

61
Q

sacral

A

pertaining to the sacrum

62
Q

sacrum

A

large, triangular bone of the back (spine)

63
Q

sagittal plane

A

lengthwise vertical plane dividing the body of structure into a right and left sides; lateral plane

64
Q

sarcoma

A

tumor (malignant) of flesh tissue such as bone, muscle, fat, and other organs

65
Q

spinal cavity

A

space within the spinal column (backbones) containing the spinal cord

66
Q

spinal column

A

bone tissue surrounding the spinal cavity

67
Q

spinal cord

A

nervous tissue within the spinal cavity

68
Q

superficial

A

pertaining to on the surface of the body

69
Q

superior

A

above another structure

70
Q

supine

A

lying on the back (face up, palms up)

71
Q

thoracic cavity

A

space in the chest containing the heart, lungs, bronchial tubes, trachea, esophagus, and other organs

72
Q

thoracotomy

A

incision of the chest

73
Q

thyroid gland

A

endocrine gland that surrounds the trachea in the neck; secretes the hormone, thyroxine

74
Q

trachea

A

windpipe; tube leading from the pharynx (throat) and larynx (voice box) to the bronchial tubes

75
Q

tracheal

A

pertaining to the trachea

76
Q

transverse plane

A

horizontal (cross-sectional) plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions; axial plane

77
Q

umbilical region

A

central abdominopelvic region near the navel; umbilical means pertaining to the navel

78
Q

ureter

A

one of the two tubes carrying urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

79
Q

urethra

A

tube leading from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

80
Q

uterus

A

muscular organ in a female that holds the embryo/fetus as it develops; womb

81
Q

ventral

A

pertaining to the front of anterior portion of the body

82
Q

vertebra

A

single backbone; individual segment of the spine

83
Q

vertebrae

A

backbones

84
Q

vertebral

A

pertaining to backbones

85
Q

viscera

A

internal organs

86
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to internal organs

87
Q

RUQ (right upper quadrant)

A

liver (right lobe), gallbladder, part of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine

88
Q

RLQ (right lower quadrant)

A

parts of the small and large intestine

89
Q

LUQ (left upper quadrant)

A

liver (left lobe), stomach, parts of the pancreas, parts of the small and large intestine, spleen

90
Q

LLQ (left lower quadrant)

A

parts of the small and large intestines, left ovary, left fallopian tube, and left ureter

91
Q

anatomic position

A

body in standard reference position (standing erect, arms at the sides, palms facing forward)

92
Q

dorsal recumbent

A

lying on back with legs bent and feet flat

93
Q

fowler position

A

lying on back with head of bed raised 45 degrees

94
Q

lateral recumbent

A

lying on the side

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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