Pathology; Lab Tests and Clinical Procedure Terms (Ch 16) Flashcards
abscess
cavity containing pus surrounded by inflamed tissue; usually the result of localized infection
acne
chronic papular and pustular eruption of the skin with increased production of sebum
alopecia areata
autoimmune disease in which hair falls out in round patches
atopic dermatitis
inflammation of skin (rash and intense itching) that tends to occur in patients with a family history of allergic reactions
bacterial analyses
samples of skin examined for presence of microorganisms
basal cell carcinoma
skin cancer arising from cells in the basal layer of the epidermis
bulla; bullae
large blister
burns
injuries to tissues caused by heat contact
callus
hard, thickened area of skin occurring in areas of the body exposed to friction or pressure
cellulitis
diffuse, acute inflammatory infection of the skin marked by local heat, redness, pain, and swelling
cicatrix
scar tissue
comedo; comedones
clogged hair follicle (pore) in the skin; blackhead (open comedo) or white (closed comedo)
crust
collection on the skin of dried sebum and cellular debris; scab
cryosurgery
use of subfreezing temperature to destroy tissue; cryocauterization
curettage
scraping of material from the skin or from the wall of a cavity
cyst
thick-walled, closed sac or pouch containing fluid or semisolid fluid
decubitus ulcer
inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony part of the body; pressure ulcer; bedsore
dysplastic nevi
abnormal moles with irregular borders, indistinct margins, and mixed coloration; often precursors of malignant melanomas
ecchymosis; ecchymoses
bleeding into the skin; a bruise
eczema
chronic dermatitis of unknown etiology, marked by redness, blisters, scales, and scabs; atopic dermatitis
electrodesiccation
destruction of tissue by burning with an electric spark
erosion
wearing away or loss of epidermis
exanthematous viral disease
rash (exanthem) of skin due to viral infection; measles (rubeola) and chicken pox (varicella) are examples
fissure
groove or crack-like sore
fungal tests
scrapings from skin lesions, hair specimens, or nail clippings are sent to a laboratory for culture and microscopic identification of fungal infection
gangrene
death of tissue associated with loss of blood supply
impetigo
bacterial inflammatory skin disease characterized by vesicles, pustules, and crusted-over lesions
kaposi sarcoma
malignant tumor of skin and connective tissue; associated with AIDS
keloid
enlarged scar on the skin
macule
flat, pigmented lesion on the skin measuring less than 1 cm in diameter; freckles, tattoo marks, and flat moles are examples
malignant melanoma
cancerous skin growth composed of melanocytes
mohs surgery
thin layers of malignant tissue are removed, and each slice is examined microscopically to check for adequate extent of the resection
nevus; nevi
mole (pigmented lesion of the skin)
nodule
solid, round or oval elevated lesion 1 cm or more in diameter
papule
small (less than 1 cm in diameter), solid elevation of the skin; skin tags and pimples (as in acne) are examples
petechia; petechiae
small pinpoint hemorrhage under the skin
pilonidal cyst
abnormal sac containing hair and skin debris located near the tail bone
pruritus
itching
psoriasis
chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by itchy, scaly, red plaques covered by silvery gray scales
purpura
multiple pinpoint hemorrhages and accumulation of blood under the skin caused by deficiency of clotting cells (platelets)
purulent
pus-filled; forming or containing pus
pustule
small abscess (collection of pus) on the skin; a papule containing pus
rubella
exanthemous viral disease; German measles
rubeola
exanthemous viral disease; measles
scabies
contagious, parasitic infection of the skin with intense pruritus (itching)
scleroderma
chronic progressive disease of the skin and internal organs with hardening and shrinking of connective tissue
skin biopsy
suspicious skin lesions are removed or sampled and examined microscopically by a pathologist
skin test
substances are injected intradermally or applied to the skin, and results are observed
squamous cell carcinoma
malignant tumor of the squamous epithelial cells in the epidermis
systemic lupus erythematosis
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
tinea
infection of the skin caused by a fungus; tinea corporis (ringworm) and tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) are examples
ulcer
open sore on the skin or mucous membranes of the body
urticaria
acute allergic reaction in which red, round wheals develop on the skin; hives
varicella
exanthematous viral disease marked by itchy red rash (herpes zoster) that develops into blisters and pustules and then scabs; chicken pox
verruca; verrucae
small benign growth (wart) in the skin; caused by a virus
vesicle
small collection of clear fluid (serum); blister
vitiligo
patches of white, unpigmented skin surrounded by areas of normal skin; leukoderma
wheal
smooth, edematous (swollen): papule or plaque that is centrally redder than the surrounding skin; often accompanied by itching
