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Medical Terminology > Joint and Muscle Terms (Ch 15) > Flashcards

Joint and Muscle Terms (Ch 15) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

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2
Q

achondroplasia

A

inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; achondroplastic dwarfism

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3
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

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4
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem leading to progressive muscular paralysis; lou gehrig disease

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5
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

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6
Q

ankylosis

A

immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure

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7
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint to eliminate movement

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8
Q

arthotomy

A

incision of a joint

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9
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together at a joint

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10
Q

articulation

A

any type of joint

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11
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue of the body; wasting away

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12
Q

bunion

A

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint); hallux valgus

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13
Q

bursa (pl. bursae)

A

sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

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14
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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15
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it pass through bones and tendons of the wrist

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16
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

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17
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant (cancerous) tumor of cartilage; the root sarc indicates the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue

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18
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of a bone from its joint

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19
Q

dorsiflexion

A

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling

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20
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb

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21
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscle

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22
Q

fascioctomy

A

incision of fascia

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23
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic pain and stiffness in muscles and fibrous tissue, especially in the shoulders, neck, hips, and knees

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24
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

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25
Q

ganglion cyst

A

fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons; most common in the wrist

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26
Q

gouty arthritis

A

inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals

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27
Q

hemarthrosis

A

condition of blood in a joint

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28
Q

herniation of a intervertebral disc

A

abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves

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29
Q

hydrarthrosis

A

condition of water of fluid in a joint

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30
Q

hypertrophy

A

increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells

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31
Q

hyperuricemia

A

increase in uric acid in the blood

32
Q

leiomyoma

A

benign tumor of smooth, involuntary muscle; when in the uterus, called a fibroid

33
Q

leiomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of smooth (involuntary) muscle

34
Q

ligament

A

fibrous, connective bands binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint

35
Q

ligamentous

A

pertaining to a ligament

36
Q

lyme disease

A

chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick

37
Q

meniscus

A

crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure which provides cushion for a joint (such as the knee)

38
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

39
Q

myalgia

A

muscle pain

40
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles; muscles lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nerve impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell

41
Q

myopathy

A

disease of muscles

42
Q

myositis

A

inflammation of muscles

43
Q

osteoarthritis

A

inflammation of bones and joints; a progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of cartilage and hypertrophy of bone within the joint

44
Q

plantar flexion

A

motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground

45
Q

podagra

A

foot pain that occurs in the joint of the big toe in gout (gouty arthritis)

46
Q

polyarthritis

A

inflammation of many joints

47
Q

polymyalgia

A

pain of many (several) muscles, especially in the shoulders and hips

48
Q

polymyositis

A

inflammation of many muscles

49
Q

pronation

A

as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down

50
Q

pyrexia

A

fever

51
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle

52
Q

rhabdomyoma

A

benign tumor of striated, voluntary muscle (attached to bones)

53
Q

rhabdomyosarcoma

A

malignant tumor of striated, voluntary muscle

54
Q

rheumatoid arthritis

A

chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissues

55
Q

rheumatologist

A

medical doctor specializing in diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders

56
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis (central point)

57
Q

sacropenia

A

loss of muscle mass and strength; associated with aging

58
Q

spinal stenosis

A

narrowing of the neural (spinal) canal in the lumbar spine

59
Q

sprain

A

injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of ligaments around a joint

60
Q

strain

A

muscle injury involving overstretching of muscle

61
Q

striated muscle

A

muscle attached to bones; composed of bands of fibers that make the muscle look striped or striated; also called voluntary or skeletal muscle

62
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal position; often a misalignment of vertebrae

63
Q

supination

A

as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm upward

64
Q

suture joint

A

immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull

65
Q

synovial cavity

A

space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane

66
Q

synovial fluid

A

viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity

67
Q

synovial joint

A

freely movable joint

68
Q

synovial membrane

A

tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid

69
Q

synovitis

A

inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the synovial joint

70
Q

systemic lupus erythematosus

A

chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs

71
Q

tendinosis

A

abnormal condition of tendons

72
Q

tendon

A

fibrous, connective tissue binding muscles to bones

73
Q

tenorrhaphy

A

suture of a tendon

74
Q

tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of a tendon and its sheath or covering

75
Q

visceral muscle

A

muscle that lines the walls of internal organs; smooth, involuntary muscle

76
Q

origin

A

where a muscle connects to a stationary bone

77
Q

insertion

A

where a muscle connects to the bone which it moves

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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