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Medical Terminology > Joint and Muscle Terms (Ch 15) > Flashcards

Joint and Muscle Terms (Ch 15) Flashcards

1
Q

abduction

A

movement away from the midline of the body

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2
Q

achondroplasia

A

inherited disorder in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size; achondroplastic dwarfism

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3
Q

adduction

A

movement toward the midline of the body

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4
Q

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

A

degenerative disorder of motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem leading to progressive muscular paralysis; lou gehrig disease

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5
Q

ankylosing spondylitis

A

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine

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6
Q

ankylosis

A

immobility (fusion) of a joint due to disease, injury, or surgical procedure

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7
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical fusion of a joint to eliminate movement

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8
Q

arthotomy

A

incision of a joint

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9
Q

articular cartilage

A

smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together at a joint

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10
Q

articulation

A

any type of joint

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11
Q

atrophy

A

decrease in size of normally developed organ or tissue of the body; wasting away

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12
Q

bunion

A

enlargement of bone or tissue around the joint at the base of the big toe (metatarsophalangeal joint); hallux valgus

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13
Q

bursa (pl. bursae)

A

sac of fluid near a joint; promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another

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14
Q

bursitis

A

inflammation of a bursa

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15
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it pass through bones and tendons of the wrist

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16
Q

chondromalacia

A

softening of cartilage

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17
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

malignant (cancerous) tumor of cartilage; the root sarc indicates the malignant tumor arises from a type of flesh or connective tissue

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18
Q

dislocation

A

displacement of a bone from its joint

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19
Q

dorsiflexion

A

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot moves upward, toward the knee or ceiling

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20
Q

extension

A

increasing the angle between two bones; straightening out a limb

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21
Q

fascia

A

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscle

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22
Q

fascioctomy

A

incision of fascia

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23
Q

fibromyalgia

A

chronic pain and stiffness in muscles and fibrous tissue, especially in the shoulders, neck, hips, and knees

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24
Q

flexion

A

decreasing the angle between two bones; bending a limb

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25
ganglion cyst
fluid-filled sac arising from joint capsules or tendons; most common in the wrist
26
gouty arthritis
inflammation and painful swelling in and around joints caused by the deposition of uric acid crystals
27
hemarthrosis
condition of blood in a joint
28
herniation of a intervertebral disc
abnormal protrusion of an intervertebral disc into the spinal canal or spinal nerves
29
hydrarthrosis
condition of water of fluid in a joint
30
hypertrophy
increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells
31
hyperuricemia
increase in uric acid in the blood
32
leiomyoma
benign tumor of smooth, involuntary muscle; when in the uterus, called a fibroid
33
leiomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of smooth (involuntary) muscle
34
ligament
fibrous, connective bands binding bones to other bones; supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint
35
ligamentous
pertaining to a ligament
36
lyme disease
chronic, recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium carried by a tick
37
meniscus
crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure which provides cushion for a joint (such as the knee)
38
muscular dystrophy
group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system
39
myalgia
muscle pain
40
myasthenia gravis
autoimmune neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles; muscles lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nerve impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell
41
myopathy
disease of muscles
42
myositis
inflammation of muscles
43
osteoarthritis
inflammation of bones and joints; a progressive, degenerative joint disease with loss of cartilage and hypertrophy of bone within the joint
44
plantar flexion
motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground
45
podagra
foot pain that occurs in the joint of the big toe in gout (gouty arthritis)
46
polyarthritis
inflammation of many joints
47
polymyalgia
pain of many (several) muscles, especially in the shoulders and hips
48
polymyositis
inflammation of many muscles
49
pronation
as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm down
50
pyrexia
fever
51
rhabdomyolysis
breakdown of damaged skeletal muscle
52
rhabdomyoma
benign tumor of striated, voluntary muscle (attached to bones)
53
rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant tumor of striated, voluntary muscle
54
rheumatoid arthritis
chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by autoimmune reaction against joint tissues
55
rheumatologist
medical doctor specializing in diagnosis and treatment of joint disorders
56
rotation
circular movement around an axis (central point)
57
sacropenia
loss of muscle mass and strength; associated with aging
58
spinal stenosis
narrowing of the neural (spinal) canal in the lumbar spine
59
sprain
injury, often the result of trauma, involving overstretching of ligaments around a joint
60
strain
muscle injury involving overstretching of muscle
61
striated muscle
muscle attached to bones; composed of bands of fibers that make the muscle look striped or striated; also called voluntary or skeletal muscle
62
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation of a bone from its normal position; often a misalignment of vertebrae
63
supination
as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of turning the palm upward
64
suture joint
immovable joint, such as between the bones of the skull
65
synovial cavity
space between bones at a synovial joint; contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane
66
synovial fluid
viscous (sticky) fluid within the synovial cavity
67
synovial joint
freely movable joint
68
synovial membrane
tissue lining the synovial cavity; it produces synovial fluid
69
synovitis
inflammation of the synovial membrane lining the synovial joint
70
systemic lupus erythematosus
chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of collagen in skin, joints, and internal organs
71
tendinosis
abnormal condition of tendons
72
tendon
fibrous, connective tissue binding muscles to bones
73
tenorrhaphy
suture of a tendon
74
tenosynovitis
inflammation of a tendon and its sheath or covering
75
visceral muscle
muscle that lines the walls of internal organs; smooth, involuntary muscle
76
origin
where a muscle connects to a stationary bone
77
insertion
where a muscle connects to the bone which it moves

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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