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Medical Terminology > Terms (Ch 4) > Flashcards

Terms (Ch 4) Flashcards

1
Q

abductor

A

muscle that draws a limb away from the body

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2
Q

abnormal

A

pertaining to away from the rule or order

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3
Q

adrenal glands

A

endocrine glands above the kidney

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4
Q

anabolism

A

process of building up proteins in cells

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5
Q

analysis

A

separation of a substance into various parts

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6
Q

anoxia

A

without oxygen

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7
Q

ante cibum

A

before meals

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8
Q

anteflexion

A

bending forward

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9
Q

antepartum

A

before birth

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10
Q

antibiotic

A

chemical substance that has the ability to inhibit or destroy foreign organisms in the body

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11
Q

antibody

A

protein made by white blood cells in response to foreign substances (antigens) in the blood

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12
Q

antigen

A

foreign substance or toxin (poison) that stimulates the production of an antibody; evokes an immune response

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13
Q

antisepsis

A

destruction of microorganisms to prevent infection

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14
Q

antitoxin

A

substance produced against a toxin (poison); an antibody

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15
Q

apnea

A

without breathing

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16
Q

autoimmune disease

A

condition in which the immune system (antibodies) attacks normal, healthy cells producing chronic, disabling diseases

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17
Q

benign

A

non-cancerous

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18
Q

bifurcation

A

branching into two parts

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19
Q

bilateral

A

pertaining to two or both sides

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20
Q

bradycardia

A

slow heartbeat

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21
Q

catabolism

A

cellular process of breaking down complex nutrients to simpler substances; energy is released to do the work of the cell

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22
Q

congenital anomaly

A

abnormality present at birth; birth defect

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23
Q

connective tissue

A

tissue that supports and binds other tissues and parts (ex: bone, cartilage, muscle, fat, and fibrous tissues)

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24
Q

contraindication

A

factor that indicates against the administration of a drug or procedure in the care of a patient

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25
contralateral
affecting the opposite side of a part of the body
26
dehydration
excessive loss of water
27
dialysis
separation of nitrogenous wastes from the blood when the kidneys no longer function
28
diameter
measurement through the center of a circle
29
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
30
dysentery
painful, inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection
31
dysplasia
condition of abnormal formation
32
dyspnea
difficult breathing
33
dystrophy
condition of abnormal development
34
ectopic pregnancy
pregnancy that is out of place (not in the uterus)
35
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
36
endoscope
instrument to visually examine the interior of the body
37
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
38
epithelium
layer of cells covering the external surface of the body and lining the hollow tubes within the body
39
euphoria
exaggerated feeling of well-being; elevated mood, "high"
40
euthyroid
normal thyroid function
41
exophthalmos
protrusion of the eyeball; sign of hyperthyroidism
42
hemiglossectomy
removal (resection) of half the tongue
43
hyperglycemia
high levels of sugar in the bloodstream; associated with diabetes mellitus
44
hyperplasia
condition of increased formation of cells
45
hypertension
high blood pressure
46
hypertrophy
increase in size of tissue or an organ due to increase in size of individual cells
47
hypodermic injection
injection of medication under the skin
48
hypoglycemia
low/deficient levels of sugar in blood
49
incision
process of cutting into the body
50
infracostal
pertaining to below the ribs
51
insomniac
pertaining to without sleep; an insomniac is a person who can't sleep
52
intercostal
pertaining to between the ribs
53
intravenous
pertaining to within a vein
54
macrocephaly
condition of a larger than normal head; congenital anomaly
55
malaise
general feeling of bodily discomfort
56
malignant
cancerous; harmful
57
metacarpal bones
hand bones; literally beyond the wrist
58
metamorphosis
condition of change of shape or form
59
metastasis
spread of a malignant tumor beyond its original location to a distant site
60
microcephaly
condition of smaller than normal head; congenital anomaly
61
microscope
instrument to view small objects
62
neonatal
pertaining to a new birth
63
neoplasm
new growth
64
pancytopenia
deficiency of all (blood) cells
65
paralysis
destruction of nerve tissue leading to loss of sensation or motion in a part of the body
66
parathyroid glands
four endocrine glands on the posterior (dorsal) side of the thyroid gland; secretes parathormone
67
percutaneous
pertaining to through the skin
68
pericardium
double-layered membrane surrounding the heart
69
polymorphonuclear
pertaining to a multi-lobed nucleus (in granulocytic white blood cells)
70
polyneuritis
inflammation of many muscles
71
postmortem
after death
72
postpartum
after birth
73
precancerous
pertaining to occurring before a malignant condition
74
prenatal
pertaining to before birth
75
prodrome
sign or symptom that appears before the onset of a more serious illness
76
prolapse
sliding forward or downward
77
prosthesis
artificial substitute for a missing body part
78
recombinant DNA
insertion of a gene (region of DNA) from one organism into the DNA of another
79
relapse
sliding or falling back; as in return of illness after apparent recovery
80
remission
return to good health; signs and symptoms of disease are gone
81
retroflexion
bending backward
82
retroperitoneal
pertaining to behind the peritoneum (membrane surrounding the abdominal cavity)
83
subcutaneous
pertaining to under the skin
84
suprapubic
pertaining to above the pubic bones
85
symbiosis
close interaction between two organisms living in close association
86
symmetry
measurement together; similarity of parts as in mirror images of each other
87
symphysis
bones that grow together separated by a piece of fibrocartilage
88
symptom
subjective change in a condition as perceived by the patient
89
syndactyly
fusion of fingers or toes; congenital anomaly
90
syndrome
signs and symptoms that occur together indicating a particular condition or disorder
91
synthesis
putting together of simple substances to create something new and often more complex
92
tachypnea
abnormally rapid breathing
93
transfusion
transfer of blood from one person to another
94
transurethral
pertaining to across or though the urethra
95
ultrasonography
use of high frequency sound waves to produce a record or picture of an organ or tissue
96
unilateral
pertaining to one side

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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