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Medical Terminology > Terms (Ch 6) > Flashcards

Terms (Ch 6) Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

sound waves beamed into the abdomen produce an image of abdominal viscera

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2
Q

abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdomen

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3
Q

amylase and lipase tests

A

tests for the levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood

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4
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sores

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5
Q

atresia

A

absence of a normal opening

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6
Q

bariatric surgrey

A

procedures used to achieve weight loss in people with severe obesity

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7
Q

biliary atresia

A

congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into small intestine (duodenum)

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8
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi

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9
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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10
Q

cecal volvulus

A

abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon)

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11
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune disorder in which villi in the lining of the small intestine are damaged, resulting from dietary glutens, such as wheat, barley, and rye

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12
Q

cheilosis

A

abnormal condition of the lip

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13
Q

cholangiectasis

A

abnormal widening or dilation of a bile vessel (bile duct)

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14
Q

cholangiocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of bile vessels (bile ducts)

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15
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts

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16
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

x-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts): and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into bile and pancreatic ducts

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17
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of bile vessels (bile ducts)

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18
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder

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19
Q

cholecystojejunostomy

A

formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine); an anastomosis

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20
Q

cholecystolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder

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21
Q

choledochal

A

pertaining to the common bile duct

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22
Q

choledochectasia

A

dilation of the common bile duct

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23
Q

cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder; gallstones

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24
Q

cholestasis

A

stoppage of bile flow

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25
colectomy
surgical removal (excision) of the colon
26
colonoscopy
visual (endoscopic): examination of the colon
27
computed tomography (CT)
a series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)
28
dentalgia
pain in a tooth
29
diarrhea
frequent passage of loose, watery stools
30
duodenal
pertaining to the duodenum
31
dyspepsia
painful digestion; indigestion
32
dysphagia
difficulty in swallowing
33
endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)
use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract
34
esophageal atresia
congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach
35
fecal transplant
transfer of stool from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient
36
gastroenteritis
inflammation of the stomach and intestines
37
gastrointestinal endoscopy
visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope
38
gastrojejunostomy
new surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine)
39
gastrorrhagia
hemorrhage of blood (excessive bleeding) from the stomach
40
gastrostomy
new opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body
41
gingivectomy
removal of gum disease
42
glossectomy
removal of the tongue
43
gluconeogenesis
process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver
44
glycogen
storage form of glucose (sugar); produces glucose when it is broken down (glycogenolysis) in liver cells
45
hematemesis
vomiting blood
46
hemoptysis
destruction of red blood cells
47
hemorrhage
bursting forth or excessive flow of blood
48
hepatomegaly
enlargement of the liver
49
herniorrhaphy
suture (switching or sewing up) a hernia
50
HIDA scan
radioactive imaging procedure that tracks the production and flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder to the intestine
51
ileostomy
new opening of the ileum (third part of the small intestine)
52
labiodental
pertaining to lips and teeth
53
laparoscopy
visual (endoscopic) examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope inserted through small incisions in the abdomen
54
lipase
pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats
55
liver biopsy
removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination
56
liver function tests (LFTs)
tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood
57
lower gastrointestinal series
x-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum (aka barium enema)
58
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body
59
nasogastric intubation
insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach
60
oropharynx
central portion of the throat, just beyond the mouth
61
palatoplasty
surgical repair of the palate (roof of the mouth)
62
pancreatic
pertaining to the pancreas
63
pancreatoduodenectomy
removal of the pancreas (partial) and duodenum
64
paracentesis
puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen (aka abdominocentesis)
65
periodontal membrane
membrane that surrounds the tooth in the tooth socket
66
polyphagia
excessive eating
67
proctosigmoidscopy
visual (endoscopic) examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon
68
pyloric stenosis
narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (opening of the stomach to the duodenum); often occurs in infants between birth and 6 months of age
69
pylorospasm
involuntary contraction of muscles at the pyloric spinchter
70
rectal carcinoma
cancer of the rectum
71
sialadenectomy
removal (excision) of a salivary gland
72
splenic flexure
normal downward bend of the colon on the left side of the body toward the descending colon
73
steatorrhea
discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat
74
stool culture
test for microorganisms present in feces
75
stool guaiac
test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces (aka hemoccult test)
76
sublingual
pertaining to under the tongue
77
upper gastrointestinal series
x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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