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Medical Terminology > Terms (Ch 6) > Flashcards

Terms (Ch 6) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

abdominal ultrasonography

A

sound waves beamed into the abdomen produce an image of abdominal viscera

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2
Q

abdominoplasty

A

surgical repair of the abdomen

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3
Q

amylase and lipase tests

A

tests for the levels of amylase and lipase enzymes in the blood

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4
Q

aphthous stomatitis

A

inflammation of the mouth with small ulcers; canker sores

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5
Q

atresia

A

absence of a normal opening

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6
Q

bariatric surgrey

A

procedures used to achieve weight loss in people with severe obesity

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7
Q

biliary atresia

A

congenital absence of the opening from the common bile duct into small intestine (duodenum)

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8
Q

bronchospasm

A

involuntary muscular contractions in bronchial tubes leading to narrowing of the bronchi

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9
Q

buccal

A

pertaining to the cheek

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10
Q

cecal volvulus

A

abnormal twisting of the cecum (first part of the colon)

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11
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune disorder in which villi in the lining of the small intestine are damaged, resulting from dietary glutens, such as wheat, barley, and rye

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12
Q

cheilosis

A

abnormal condition of the lip

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13
Q

cholangiectasis

A

abnormal widening or dilation of a bile vessel (bile duct)

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14
Q

cholangiocarcinoma

A

malignant tumor of bile vessels (bile ducts)

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15
Q

cholangiography

A

x-ray examination of the biliary system performed after injection of contrast into the bile ducts

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16
Q

cholangiopancreatography

A

x-ray recording of bile vessels (ducts): and the pancreas after administration of contrast material directly into bile and pancreatic ducts

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17
Q

cholangitis

A

inflammation of bile vessels (bile ducts)

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18
Q

cholecystectomy

A

removal (excision, resection) of the gallbladder

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19
Q

cholecystojejunostomy

A

formation of a new opening between the gallbladder and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine); an anastomosis

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20
Q

cholecystolithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder

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21
Q

choledochal

A

pertaining to the common bile duct

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22
Q

choledochectasia

A

dilation of the common bile duct

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23
Q

cholelithiasis

A

abnormal condition of stones in the gallbladder; gallstones

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24
Q

cholestasis

A

stoppage of bile flow

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25
Q

colectomy

A

surgical removal (excision) of the colon

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26
Q

colonoscopy

A

visual (endoscopic): examination of the colon

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27
Q

computed tomography (CT)

A

a series of x-ray images are taken in multiple views (especially cross section)

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28
Q

dentalgia

A

pain in a tooth

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29
Q

diarrhea

A

frequent passage of loose, watery stools

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30
Q

duodenal

A

pertaining to the duodenum

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31
Q

dyspepsia

A

painful digestion; indigestion

32
Q

dysphagia

A

difficulty in swallowing

33
Q

endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS)

A

use of an endoscope combined with ultrasound to examine the organs of the gastrointestinal tract

34
Q

esophageal atresia

A

congenital absence of the normal opening from the esophagus to the stomach

35
Q

fecal transplant

A

transfer of stool from a healthy donor into the gastrointestinal tract of a recipient

36
Q

gastroenteritis

A

inflammation of the stomach and intestines

37
Q

gastrointestinal endoscopy

A

visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using an endoscope

38
Q

gastrojejunostomy

A

new surgical connection (anastomosis) between the stomach and the jejunum (second part of the small intestine)

39
Q

gastrorrhagia

A

hemorrhage of blood (excessive bleeding) from the stomach

40
Q

gastrostomy

A

new opening of the stomach through the abdominal wall to the outside of the body

41
Q

gingivectomy

A

removal of gum disease

42
Q

glossectomy

A

removal of the tongue

43
Q

gluconeogenesis

A

process of producing new sugar from fats and proteins; occurs mainly in the liver

44
Q

glycogen

A

storage form of glucose (sugar); produces glucose when it is broken down (glycogenolysis) in liver cells

45
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

46
Q

hemoptysis

A

destruction of red blood cells

47
Q

hemorrhage

A

bursting forth or excessive flow of blood

48
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlargement of the liver

49
Q

herniorrhaphy

A

suture (switching or sewing up) a hernia

50
Q

HIDA scan

A

radioactive imaging procedure that tracks the production and flow of bile from the liver to the gallbladder to the intestine

51
Q

ileostomy

A

new opening of the ileum (third part of the small intestine)

52
Q

labiodental

A

pertaining to lips and teeth

53
Q

laparoscopy

A

visual (endoscopic) examination of the abdomen with a laparoscope inserted through small incisions in the abdomen

54
Q

lipase

A

pancreatic enzyme necessary to digest fats

55
Q

liver biopsy

A

removal of liver tissue for microscopic examination

56
Q

liver function tests (LFTs)

A

tests for the presence of enzymes and bilirubin in blood

57
Q

lower gastrointestinal series

A

x-ray images of the colon and rectum obtained after injection of barium into the rectum (aka barium enema)

58
Q

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A

magnetic waves produce images of organs and tissues in all three planes of the body

59
Q

nasogastric intubation

A

insertion of a tube through the nose into the stomach

60
Q

oropharynx

A

central portion of the throat, just beyond the mouth

61
Q

palatoplasty

A

surgical repair of the palate (roof of the mouth)

62
Q

pancreatic

A

pertaining to the pancreas

63
Q

pancreatoduodenectomy

A

removal of the pancreas (partial) and duodenum

64
Q

paracentesis

A

puncture to remove fluid from the abdomen (aka abdominocentesis)

65
Q

periodontal membrane

A

membrane that surrounds the tooth in the tooth socket

66
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating

67
Q

proctosigmoidscopy

A

visual (endoscopic) examination of the anus, rectum, and sigmoid colon

68
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (opening of the stomach to the duodenum); often occurs in infants between birth and 6 months of age

69
Q

pylorospasm

A

involuntary contraction of muscles at the pyloric spinchter

70
Q

rectal carcinoma

A

cancer of the rectum

71
Q

sialadenectomy

A

removal (excision) of a salivary gland

72
Q

splenic flexure

A

normal downward bend of the colon on the left side of the body toward the descending colon

73
Q

steatorrhea

A

discharge of fat in the feces due to improper digestion and malabsorption of fat

74
Q

stool culture

A

test for microorganisms present in feces

75
Q

stool guaiac

A

test to detect occult (hidden) blood in feces (aka hemoccult test)

76
Q

sublingual

A

pertaining to under the tongue

77
Q

upper gastrointestinal series

A

x-ray images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine obtained after administering barium by mouth

Medical Terminology (42 decks)

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