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A&P Quarter 2 > Vision II > Flashcards

Vision II Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three tunics of the eye?

A

1- Fibrous Tunic (Protective)
2- Vascular Tunic (Blood Supply)
3- Nervous (Receptors)

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2
Q

What is the fibrous tunic? What two parts compose it?

A

The outer coat of the eye. Made of the cornea and the sclera.

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3
Q

The cornea is a ________ of small, transparent connective tissue fibers.

A

Matrix

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4
Q

The cornea has a _____ water content.

A

Low

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5
Q

What kinds of cells make the cornea?

A

Outer surface is made from stratified squamous, inner surface from simple squamous

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6
Q

The cornea is non-_______ and covers the iris.

A

Non-vascular

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7
Q

What shape is the cornea? And why?

A

Curved, to help focus light upon the retina

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8
Q

The outer epithelial layer of the cornea is continuous with the _________ ___________.

A

Bulbar conjunctiva

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9
Q

What kinds of tissues compose the sclera?

A

A firm, white dense connective tissue with elastic fibers, has blood vessels and nerves

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10
Q

What is at the posterior of the sclera?

A

The posterior is pierced by the optic foramen and cranial nerve 2, the optic nerve

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11
Q

The sclera covers all the eyeball except the _______, but is continuous with the cornea.

A

cornea

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12
Q

The sclera shapes the ______, makes it more rigid and protects the inner parts.

A

eyeball

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13
Q

A small part of the ______ can be seen as the white of the eye

A

sclera

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14
Q

The vascular tunic is also called the _______.

A

Uvea

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15
Q

What three parts compose the vascular tunic?

A

Choroid
Ciliary Body
Iris

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16
Q

What does the choroid line?

A

Lines most of the inner surface of the sclera

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17
Q

The choroid is very vascular and provides nutrients to the ________.

A

Retina

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18
Q

What color is the choroid? Why is it this color?

A

A dark-brown membrane

Due to melanocytes (with melanin)

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19
Q

What is the ciliary body?

A

A thickened extension of the choroid that forms a muscular ring around the lens.

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20
Q

The ciliary body has _______ processes and ______ ligaments.

A

ciliary processes

support ligaments

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21
Q

What is the function of ciliary processes and support ligaments?

A

Support and change the lens shape

22
Q

The lens is suspended from the _________ _________.

A

suspensory ligaments

23
Q

The choroid is a muscular ring known as the ________ ______.

A

Ciliary muscle

24
Q

The ciliary muscle is an _________ muscle.

A

Intrinsic

25
Q

What is the iris?

A

A flattened 3-D donut, is the colored part of the eye.

26
Q

What does the iris control?

A

Controls the diameter of the pupil

27
Q

How does the iris control the diameter of the pupil?

A

With circular and radial muscles

28
Q

The ____ controls the amount of light entering the eye

A

iris

29
Q

The iris is an anterior extension of what?

A

The choroid, just past the ciliary body

30
Q

What color pigment is in the iris?

A

Brown

31
Q

What color eyes do babies have? Why?

A

Babies have blue eyes due to a lack of developed pigment

32
Q

What is the opening in the middle of the iris?

A

The pupil

33
Q

What do the circular muscles in the iris do?

A

When contracted, makes the pupil smaller (constricts)

34
Q

What system innervates the circular muscles?

A

Parasympathetic nervous system (rest or relaxation)

35
Q

Where do the fibers of the circular muscle travel?

A

Fibers travel along the oculomotor nerve

36
Q

The circular muscle is intrinsic, and made of _______ muscle fibers.

A

Smooth

37
Q

What kinds of cells make the radial muscle?

A

Modified contractile epithelial cells= myoepithelial cells

38
Q

What is the function of the radial muscles?

A

When contracted, makes the pupil larger (dilates)

39
Q

How are the radial muscles innervated?

A

Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, carried by sympathetic fibers, run by the carotid arteries

40
Q

How is the eye supplied with blood?

A

Common carotid → internal carotid → ophthalmic artery to:

Choroid via posterior ciliary branch (vascular tunic) OR,
Central artery of retina (nervous tunic)

41
Q

What composes the nervous tunic?

A

The retina

42
Q

The retina is the ______ place where blood vessels can be viewed directly.

A

Only

43
Q

How can direct visual observation of blood vessels be useful?

A

This can be useful for diagnosing hypotension and diabetes.

44
Q

What is the retina?

A

Posterior ¾ of the eye

45
Q

What two parts compose the retina?

A

Pigment epithelium

Nervous part

46
Q

How are the layers of the retina supplied with blood?

A

By the central artery of the retina

47
Q

What is the pigment epithelium?

A

It absorbs light so the light doesn’t bounce around inside the eye

48
Q

What kinds of cells compose the pigment epithelium?

A

A sheet 1 layer thick of cuboidal melanin-containing cells

49
Q

What is the neural part of the retina?

A

Photoreceptor cells and associated neurons

50
Q

What is the embryonic development of the retina?

A

Starts as an outpocketing of the brain

51
Q

What is the ora serrata?

A

Where the retina attaches to the choroid

Looks like the mouth of a shark looking at you

52
Q

What is a detached retina? What are the sx?

A

Causes blurry images in the field of vision. Happens when the pigmented and neural layers separate.

A&P Quarter 2 (16 decks)

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