Vision II

Question 1

What are the three tunics of the eye?

Answer 1

1- Fibrous Tunic (Protective)
2- Vascular Tunic (Blood Supply)
3- Nervous (Receptors)

Question 2

What is the fibrous tunic? What two parts compose it?

Answer 2

The outer coat of the eye. Made of the cornea and the sclera.

Question 3

The cornea is a ________ of small, transparent connective tissue fibers.

Answer 3

Matrix

Question 4

The cornea has a _____ water content.

Answer 4

Low

Question 5

What kinds of cells make the cornea?

Answer 5

Outer surface is made from stratified squamous, inner surface from simple squamous

Question 6

The cornea is non-_______ and covers the iris.

Answer 6

Non-vascular

Question 7

What shape is the cornea? And why?

Answer 7

Curved, to help focus light upon the retina

Question 8

The outer epithelial layer of the cornea is continuous with the _________ ___________.

Answer 8

Bulbar conjunctiva

Question 9

What kinds of tissues compose the sclera?

Answer 9

A firm, white dense connective tissue with elastic fibers, has blood vessels and nerves

Question 10

What is at the posterior of the sclera?

Answer 10

The posterior is pierced by the optic foramen and cranial nerve 2, the optic nerve

Question 11

The sclera covers all the eyeball except the _______, but is continuous with the cornea.

Answer 11

cornea

Question 12

The sclera shapes the ______, makes it more rigid and protects the inner parts.

Answer 12

eyeball

Question 13

A small part of the ______ can be seen as the white of the eye

Answer 13

sclera

Question 14

The vascular tunic is also called the _______.

Answer 14

Uvea

Question 15

What three parts compose the vascular tunic?

Answer 15

Choroid
Ciliary Body
Iris

Question 16

What does the choroid line?

Answer 16

Lines most of the inner surface of the sclera

Question 17

The choroid is very vascular and provides nutrients to the ________.

Answer 17

Retina

Question 18

What color is the choroid? Why is it this color?

Answer 18

A dark-brown membrane

Due to melanocytes (with melanin)

Question 19

What is the ciliary body?

Answer 19

A thickened extension of the choroid that forms a muscular ring around the lens.

Question 20

The ciliary body has _______ processes and ______ ligaments.

Answer 20

ciliary processes

support ligaments

Question 21

What is the function of ciliary processes and support ligaments?

Answer 21

Support and change the lens shape

Question 22

The lens is suspended from the _________ _________.

Answer 22

suspensory ligaments

Question 23

The choroid is a muscular ring known as the ________ ______.

Answer 23

Ciliary muscle

Question 24

The ciliary muscle is an _________ muscle.

Answer 24

Intrinsic

Question 25

What is the iris?

Answer 25

A flattened 3-D donut, is the colored part of the eye.

Question 26

What does the iris control?

Answer 26

Controls the diameter of the pupil

Question 27

How does the iris control the diameter of the pupil?

Answer 27

With circular and radial muscles

Question 28

The ____ controls the amount of light entering the eye

Answer 28

iris

Question 29

The iris is an anterior extension of what?

Answer 29

The choroid, just past the ciliary body

Question 30

What color pigment is in the iris?

Answer 30

Brown

Question 31

What color eyes do babies have? Why?

Answer 31

Babies have blue eyes due to a lack of developed pigment

Question 32

What is the opening in the middle of the iris?

Answer 32

The pupil

Question 33

What do the circular muscles in the iris do?

Answer 33

When contracted, makes the pupil smaller (constricts)

Question 34

What system innervates the circular muscles?

Answer 34

Parasympathetic nervous system (rest or relaxation)

Question 35

Where do the fibers of the circular muscle travel?

Answer 35

Fibers travel along the oculomotor nerve

Question 36

The circular muscle is intrinsic, and made of _______ muscle fibers.

Answer 36

Smooth

Question 37

What kinds of cells make the radial muscle?

Answer 37

Modified contractile epithelial cells= myoepithelial cells

Question 38

What is the function of the radial muscles?

Answer 38

When contracted, makes the pupil larger (dilates)

Question 39

How are the radial muscles innervated?

Answer 39

Innervated by the sympathetic nervous system, carried by sympathetic fibers, run by the carotid arteries

Question 40

How is the eye supplied with blood?

Answer 40

Common carotid → internal carotid → ophthalmic artery to: Choroid via posterior ciliary branch (vascular tunic) OR, Central artery of retina (nervous tunic)

Question 41

What composes the nervous tunic?

Answer 41

The retina

Question 42

The retina is the ______ place where blood vessels can be viewed directly.

Answer 42

Only

Question 43

How can direct visual observation of blood vessels be useful?

Answer 43

This can be useful for diagnosing hypotension and diabetes.

Question 44

What is the retina?

Answer 44

Posterior ¾ of the eye

Question 45

What two parts compose the retina?

Answer 45

Pigment epithelium | Nervous part

Question 46

How are the layers of the retina supplied with blood?

Answer 46

By the central artery of the retina

Question 47

What is the pigment epithelium?

Answer 47

It absorbs light so the light doesn’t bounce around inside the eye

Question 48

What kinds of cells compose the pigment epithelium?

Answer 48

A sheet 1 layer thick of cuboidal melanin-containing cells

Question 49

What is the neural part of the retina?

Answer 49

Photoreceptor cells and associated neurons

Question 50

What is the embryonic development of the retina?

Answer 50

Starts as an outpocketing of the brain

Question 51

What is the ora serrata?

Answer 51

Where the retina attaches to the choroid | Looks like the mouth of a shark looking at you

Question 52

What is a detached retina? What are the sx?

Answer 52

Causes blurry images in the field of vision. Happens when the pigmented and neural layers separate.