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A&P Quarter 2 > Ear I > Flashcards

Ear I Flashcards

1
Q

The ear is made from these three areas:

A

Outer Ear
Middle Ear
Inner Ear

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2
Q

What divides the outer from the middle ear?

A

The tympanic membrane

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3
Q

What divides the middle from the inner ear?

A

The round and oval windows

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4
Q

Which sections of the ear are air-filled?

A

Outer and middle

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5
Q

Which section of the ear is fluid-filled?

A

The inner ear

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6
Q

The outer and middle ear deal with the transmission of ______.

A

Sound

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7
Q

The inner ear changes vibrations into ____ input.

A

Nerve

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8
Q

The external ear is called the ______ (or ______)

A

Auricle

Pinna

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9
Q

The auricle is a _____-shaped projection of elastic cartilage covered with skin

A

Shell

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10
Q

The auricle surround the ________ _______ _______.

A

External auditory meatus

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11
Q

The external ear is flared like a trumpet to capture sound waves and pass them _______.

A

Inwards

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12
Q

The external ear is composed of:

A

holix, tragus, antitragus, and lobule

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13
Q

Physically describe the external auditory canal

A

A slightly s-shaped tube that lies in the temporal bone, about 3 cm long

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14
Q

What kind of glands are in the external auditory canal? What do they produce?

A

Contains ceruminous glands that produce cerumen (ear wax)

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15
Q

What is cerumen? What does it do?

A

Cerumen is a modified sebum that slows the growth of microbes

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16
Q

How big is the tympanic membrane?

A

About 1 cm in diameter

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17
Q

How is the tympanic membrane innervated? Is it sensitive to pain?

A

vagus (X) and trigeminal (V) nerves

Yes, very

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18
Q

How is the tympanic membrane shaped?

A

Shaped like a flattened cone, with its apex protruding medially into the middle ear

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19
Q

What is the middle ear called?

A

The tympanic cavity

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20
Q

Physically describe the tympanic cavity

A

A small, oval, air-filled cavity in the temporal bone, has a mucus membrane

21
Q

What ends at the mastoid air cells?

A

The antrum

22
Q

What covers the oval and round windows?

A

Membranes

23
Q

What connects the middle ear with the nasopharynx?

A

The eustachian tube

24
Q

The eustachian tube is also called?

A

The internal auditory tube

25
Q

What does the eustachian tube do?

A

Allows for equalization of the ear

26
Q

The eustachian tube is normally…… except when ……

A

It is normally flattened and closed except while swallowing and yawning

27
Q

What is an infection of the eustachian tube called?

A

Otitis media

28
Q

What does otitis media look like?

A

The eardrum will redden and bulge

29
Q

Why are children predisposed to ear infections?

A

In children, the eustachian tube is shorter, so they are more likely to get ear infections

30
Q

Name the three auditory ossicles

A

Malleus-hammer
Incus- anvil
Stapes- stirrup

31
Q

What is the malleus?

A

The handle of this bone attaches to the tympanic membrane

It articulates with the incus

32
Q

What is the incus?

A

Provides the connection from malleus to the stapes

Connects to the head of the stapes

33
Q

What is the stapes?

A

Its footplate attaches to the oval window (to inner ear)

The footplate at the base of the stapes covers the oval window

34
Q

What do the three auditory ossicles due?

A

Physically transmit and amplify sound to the inner ear.
The footplate of the stapes is much smaller than the tympanic membrane. Because of this size difference, the mechanical force of vibration is amplified about 20 fold as it passes from the tympanic membrane through the ossicles to the oval window.

35
Q

What are the two muscles in the middle ear?

A

Tensor tympani

Stapedius

36
Q

What does the tensor tympani muscle do?

A

Draws the tympanic membrane medially, and thus puts more tension upon it. This dampens the movement of the tympanic membrane.

37
Q

What does the strapedius muscle do?

A

The smallest skeletal muscle in the body
It attaches to the neck of the stapes and pulls it posteriorly
It dampens vibrations on the large oval window

38
Q

What is the tympanic reflex?

A

Muffles the transfer of vibration from the tympanic membrane to the oval window, using the tensor tympani and the stapedius muscles

39
Q

What two structures compose the inner ear?

A

Bony labyrinth

Membranous labyrinth

40
Q

“A ______ labyrinth encloses a ______ labyrinth”

A

Bony

Membranous

41
Q

What is the bony labyrinth?

A

Tiny canals and spaces within the temporal bone

42
Q

What lines the bony labyrinth?

A

Periosteum

43
Q

What fluid is found in the bony labyrinth? What is it like?

A

Perilymph, a fluid somewhat like CSF in composition

44
Q

What is the membranous labyrinth?

A

A series of sacs and tubes lying within bony labyrinth

45
Q

What does the membranous labyrinth float in?

A

Perilymph

46
Q

What fluid is contained within the membranous labyrinth? What is it like?

A

Endolymph, somewhat like intercellular fluid

47
Q

Perilymph is like……

Endolymph is like…..

A

CSF

Intercellular fluid

48
Q

What are the three areas of the membranous labyrinth?

A

1- The three semicircular canals
2- The saccule and the utricle (found in the vestibule of the bony labyrinth)
3- The cochlea

A&P Quarter 2 (16 decks)

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