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A&P Quarter 2 > Pituitary > Flashcards

Pituitary Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the pituitary sit?

A

In the sella turcica of the sphenoid

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2
Q

What two parts compose the pituitary?

A

The posterior pituitary

The anterior pituitary

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3
Q

What forms the posterior pituitary?

A

The neurohypophysis= neural tissue

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4
Q

What forms the anterior pituitary?

A

the adenohypophysis= glandular tissue

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5
Q

The posterior pituitary is an outgrowth from the _________

A

Hypothalamus

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6
Q

Axons in the posterior pituitary form the _________ and end bulbs, a swelling called the _____ ______.

A

Infundibulum

Pars nervosa

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7
Q

How is the anterior pituitary formed in utero?

A

From an outpocketing of the roof the the embryonic oral cavity

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8
Q

What is Rathke’s pouch?

A

The anterior pituitary

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9
Q

What are the three distinct parts of the anterior pituitary?

A

Pars tuberalis
Pars intermedia
Pars distalis

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10
Q

The pituitary gland is a _____-sized gland that is attached to the _______.

A

Pea-sized

Hypothalamus

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11
Q

What organ is the major integrating link between the nervous and endocrine systems?

A

The hypothalamus

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12
Q

The activity of the pituitary is governed by the _______.

A

Hypothalamus

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13
Q

What three things influence the activity of the hypothalamus?

A

1- CNS sensory information
2- Emotions
3- Other hormones

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14
Q

Cells in the hypothalamus synthesize and secrete __(number) hormones, specifically called, ______.

A

8

neurohormones

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15
Q

Of the 8 neuron hormones, 6 are either ________ or ______, and the remaining two are ____ and _____.

A

Releasing or Inhibitory

ADT and OT

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16
Q

What are three examples of releasing or inhibitory neurohormones?

A

PIH
GHRH
TRH

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17
Q

What is PIH?

A

Prolactin-inhibiting hormone aka dopamine; ↓ PIH → ↑ Prolactin
A neurohormone

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18
Q

What is GHRH?

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone; ↑ GH

A neurohormone

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19
Q

What is TRH?

A

Thyrotropin releasing hormone: ↑ TSH

A neurohormone

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20
Q

When does the pituitary double in size?

A

During pregnancy

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21
Q

The supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus are _______ (type of cell), which are a type of neuroglia.

A

Pituicytes

22
Q

What is ADH?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone

23
Q

Where is ADH formed?

A

From neurons in the supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus

24
Q

What does ADH primarily do?

A

Prevents large amount of urine output

Primary target is the kidney where it promotes reabsorption of water, therefore ↓ urine output

25
Q

If the BP lowers, what does ADH do?

A

Increases, to increase fluid retention

26
Q

Where is ADH stored?

A

In the pituitary

27
Q

What happens if ADH is not produced?

A

Diabetes insipidus: large amounts of dilute urine, up to 20l a day, and ultimately, death by dehydration

28
Q

What is OT?

A

Oxytocin

29
Q

Where is OT formed?

A

From neurons in the paraventricular nucleus of the pituitary

30
Q

What is the primary target of OT?

A

Smooth muscle in the uterus; specialized myoepithelial cells in mammary gland

31
Q

What is “milk letdown”?

A

If nursing and you hear a baby cry, can stimulate body to produce milk

32
Q

The auditory reflex in milk letdown in an example of a _______ reflex.

A

Neuroendocrine

33
Q

What is a neuroendocrine reflex?

A

The release of hormones in response to nerve signals

34
Q

What are examples of a neuroendocrine reflex?

A

Ex: Milk letdown; hear baby cry→ milk
Ex: baby nursing; stimulates nipple, nipple sends signal to hypothalamus, hypothalamus stimulates posterior pituitary to release OT
Ex: stretch of cervix during childbirth

35
Q

How are ADH and OT stored and secreted?

A

Are produced in their respective nuclei in the hypothalamus and are sent down through the axons to the pars nervosa to be stored and secreted when needed.

36
Q

The axons that connect the infundibulum to the pars nervosa are called the _______ ______.

A

Hypothalamohypophyseal tract

37
Q

The hypothalamohypophyseal allows for _____ ______ transport.

A

Fast axonal

38
Q

How does a hormone from the hypothalamohypophyseal tract enter the bloodstream?

A

The capillary bed around the pars nervosa allows hormones from end bulbs to enter the bloodstream and reach its target.

39
Q

_______ and ______ are stored in the end bulb of the tract within the pars nervosa.

A

ADH

OT

40
Q

At birth, the ______ _______ is a narrow, rudimentary zone with little-known function

A

pars intermedia

41
Q

What links the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary?

A

Hypothalamohypophyseal Portal System

42
Q

The hypothalamohypophyseal portal system regulates the secretion of ______ ________ ________.

A

Anterior pituitary hormones

43
Q

The portal system begins and ends in ________ ______.

A

Capillary beds

44
Q

The hypothalamus secretes 6 relaying/or inhibitory hormones, these hormones travel through the _____ ______ and they regulate the secretion of _____ hormones.

A

portal system

pituitary

45
Q

What are examples of releasing or inhibitory hormones?

A

PIH, GHRH, TRH

46
Q

What is GH?

A

somatotropin (growth hormone)

Promotes tissue growth through the body

47
Q

What is acromegaly?

A

condition of hypersecretion of GH after maturity
means: “extremity great”
Is an enlargement of the skeleton, nose, jaws, fingers/toes, thickening of face skin

48
Q

What is TSH?

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

Stimulates growth of hormones and secretion of TH

49
Q

What is ACTH?

A

(adrenocorticotropic hormone)
Controls the adrenal cortex- so it stimulates the adrenal cortex to secrete corticocorticoids especially glucocorticoids like cortisol, to help the body resist stressors

50
Q

What is FSH?

A

(follicle-stimulating hormone)
Development of ova
Development of sperm

51
Q

What is LH?

A

(luteinizing hormone)
Stimulate ovulation- and then estrogen/progesterone production
Also stimulates specific cells is testes to secrete testosterone

52
Q

What is PRL?

A

(prolactin)
Promote milk production in female.
In males, makes the testes more sensitive to LH, but no one is sure if this is physiologically significant.

A&P Quarter 2 (16 decks)

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