Viruses 2.0 Flashcards
What do viruses lack?
Viruses do not have a nucleus, mitochondria, ribosomes, or chloroplasts.
What are viruses composed of?
Viruses are not composed of cells.
What is considered a non-living thing outside of the cell?
Outside of the cell is considered a non-living thing, only some characteristics of life.
What are obligate parasites?
Obligate parasites can only replicate when they are inside a living host.
What do viruses need to grow?
Viruses need the tissue of another living organism to grow.
Why do antibiotics fail to work on viruses?
Antibiotics fail to work on viruses because viruses don’t have cell machinery, so the antibiotic will have nothing to kill.
What are the types of viruses?
The types of viruses are rod, round, and complex.
What is an example of a rod-shaped virus?
An example of a rod-shaped virus is the Tobacco mosaic virus.
What is an example of a round virus?
An example of a round virus is the Rhinovirus, which causes the common cold/flu.
What is an example of a complex virus?
An example of a complex virus is the Bacteriophage.
What is the process of viral replication?
The virus attaches to a host cell, inserts its nucleic acid into the host’s cytoplasm, takes over the host cell’s DNA, makes many copies of itself, and new viruses burst out through the cell membrane of the host.
What are some human examples of viruses?
Some human examples of viruses include measles, mumps, flu, Covid-19, and rubella.
How do bacteria enter plants?
Bacteria enter plants via the vector.
What is an example of a plant virus?
An example of a plant virus is mosaic disease.
What are the advantages of viruses?
One advantage of viruses is genetic engineering, as they can be used to inject a gene into a target cell.
What are some disadvantages of viruses?
Some disadvantages of viruses include foot & mouth disease, Covid-19, and rabies.
How can viruses spread from person to person?
Viruses can spread from person to person through sneezing or coughing.
How can the body defend itself from viruses?
The body can defend itself from viruses using the immune system.
Why are viruses difficult to classify?
Viruses are difficult to classify because they only exhibit some characteristics of life.
What is the main part of the outer coat of a virus?
The main part of the outer coat of a virus is lipid.
What is a beneficial virus?
A beneficial virus is a bacteriophage, as it kills bacteria.
What are two characteristics of a virus that suggest they are non-living?
Two characteristics of a virus that suggest they are non-living are being an obligate parasite and being non-cellular.
What are the 5 stages of replication
Attachment, entry, synthesis, assembly, lysis
