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lc biology > cell structure and the microscope > Flashcards

cell structure and the microscope Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards
1
Q

what is a cell

A

the smallest unit of matter that can carry all process of life

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2
Q

what is a eukaryotic cell

A

contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles eg animal, plant, funghi

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3
Q

what is a prokaryotic cell

A

no nucleus or membrane bound organelles eg bacteria

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4
Q

what are the organelles in animal cell

A

nucleus (nuclear pore, chromatin, nuclear membrane), ribosomes, mitochondrion, cell membrane, cytoplasm.

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5
Q

what are the organelles in plant cell

A

nucleus (nuclear pore, chromatin, nuclear membrane) mitochondrion, chloroplast, ribosomes, vacuole, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall

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6
Q

what organelles in an animal cell can only be seen by an electron microscope

A

mitochondria and ribosomes

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7
Q

what organelles in an plant cell can only be seen by an electron microscope

A

mitochondria, ribosomes, chloroplasts

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8
Q

what are cell membranes made up of

A

a phospholipid bi layer(phosphate head faced out and lipid tail on the inside) and proteins

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9
Q

what are the functions of cell membranes

A

holds cell contents, gives shape, support and protection, semi permeable- allows some molecules to move freely in but not other, contains receptors which recognise molecules that touch them

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10
Q

what are the features of the mitochondria

A

double membrane (inner and outer) both semipermeable, inner membrane is highly folded to increase surface area, lumen in the middle

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11
Q

what are the functions of the mitochondria

A

provide energy to the cell during krebs cycle and electron transport chain of respiration

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12
Q

what is the structure of the nucleus

A

double membrane, both semi permeable which has numerous nuclear pores to allow passage of substances, contains chromatin which are condensed chromosomes, nucleolus is made of and produces rRNA

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13
Q

what is the function of the nucleus

A

control all functions in cell, nucleolus produces rRNA which makes up part of ribosomes, nuclear pore allows passage of certain substances

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14
Q

what is the function of ribosome

A

produce proteins

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15
Q

what are the functions of the cytoplasm

A

hold all cell organelles, provide a medium in which biochemical reactions can occur, help transport substance

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16
Q

what are the features of a chloroplast

A

chloroplast DNA, grana, stroma, starch grain, inner and outer membrane

17
Q

what is the function of the grana

A

absorbing sunlight and the light stage of photosynthesis occurs here

18
Q

what is the function of the stroma

A

where the dark stage of photosynthesis occurs

19
Q

what is the cell wall composed of

A

cellulose/fibre and pectin, calcium pectate and protein

20
Q

what is the function of the vacuole

A

structural support but also storage

21
Q

what is the function of the microscopes lens

A

magnification

22
Q

what is the function of the microscopes stage

A

to place the slide on

23
Q

what is the function of the microscopes clip

A

hold the slide in place

24
Q

what is the function of the microscopes diaphragm

A

to control the amount of light

25
Q

what is the function of the microscopes coarse focus knob

A

to focus the image, dramatic large movement

26
Q

what is the function of the microscopes fine focus knob

A

to precisely focus the image, very slight movement

27
Q

what is the function of the microscopes light

A

to supply light to the object

28
Q

what are the two lenses called

A

the eyepiece lens, the objective lens

29
Q

what is the eyepiece lens

A

the lens that you look through

30
Q

what is the objective lens

A

the lens immediately above the specimen

31
Q

what is the equation for magnification

A

magnifying power of eyepiece lens X magnifying power of objective lens

32
Q

what is an electron microscope

A

uses electrons instead of light, much lower wavelength, much better resolution and magnification

lc biology (6 decks)

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