enzymes Flashcards
what is an enzyme
a biological catalyst made of protein, that speed up a reaction without being used up themselves in a reaction
what is a catabolic enzyme
breaks big molecule into smaller molecules and energy is released, eg amylase
what is the shape of enzymes
3D, complex and globular
example of catabolic reaction
respiration and digestion
what is an anabolic enzyme
converts small molecules into larger molecules and energy is needed, eg DNA polymerase
example of anabolic reaction
photosynthesis, DNA production
what is the theory about enzymes
induced fit theory, when the substrate enters the active site, it causes it to change shape slightly, the enzyme fits more precisely around the substrate
what is denaturation
when an enzyme can no longer function permanently due to its active site changing shape, its irreversible and generally happens when an enzyme is out of its ph or temp range
what degree do plant enzymes work best
20-30 degrees
what is bioprocessing
the use of enzymes in controlled reactions to produce a product
what are immobilised enzymes
enzymes trapped in a gel so they can be separated from the products easily and used repeatedly
what is an example of bioprocessing
cheeses, beer and food flavours
what is a bioreactor
the container into which the microorganisms or enzymes are added to the substrate to produce a product
what are physical methods to immobilise enzymes
absorption- enzymes are physically attached to materials eg glass beads, enclosed in a membrane, trapped in a gel
what are chemical methods to immobilise enzymes
bonded to a support chemically eg glass beads or bonded to each other
