Cell Diversity Flashcards
What is a cell?
Smallest part of a living thing.
What are the types of cells?
Nerve cells, Red blood cells, Muscle cells.
What is tissue?
A group of similar cells that are adapted to carry out the same function.
Name two plant tissues.
Dermal and vascular.
What is the function of dermal tissue?
Epidermis protects the plant.
What is the function of vascular tissue?
Transports materials around the plant.
What does xylem transport?
Water and minerals around the plant.
What does phloem transport?
Food from the leaves to other parts of the plant.
What is an adaptation of dermal tissue?
Waterproof.
What is an adaptation of vascular tissue?
Xylem is made out of dead cells so it doesn’t use any of the water.
List the three types of animal tissue.
Connective tissue, Muscular tissue, Nervous tissue.
What is connective tissue?
A tissue that joins and supports other body structures, e.g., blood.
What is muscular tissue?
Produces movement of the body parts, e.g., muscles.
What is nervous tissue?
Carries electrical impulses to and from the brain to the spinal cord and is composed of nerve cells called neurons.
What is an example of nervous tissue?
Sensory nerves.
What are adaptations of muscular tissue?
Can contract and relax.
What are adaptations of nervous tissue?
Can carry electrical impulses.
What is tissue culture?
The growth of cells in or on an artificial medium outside an organism.
What are the steps involved in tissue culture?
- The tissue sample is removed from a plant or animal. 2. Tissue is grown in glassware (in vitro) in sterile nutrient medium. 3. Usually contains hormones & growth substances. 4. A clone of the original tissue is produced by mitosis.
What is often contained in tissue culture?
Hormones & growth substances.
What is a clone of the original tissue produced by?
Mitosis.
What is a clone?
An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
What are the uses of tissue culture?
Cancer research, Skin grafts, Growing human tissue for organ transplants, Micropropagation (Plant breeding).
What are the conditions of tissue culture?
Suitable temperature, Suitable pH, Nutrients.
Why are sterile conditions needed to grow tissue?
To prevent microorganisms from growing.
What are the steps to produce a skin graft using tissue culture?
- Skin cells are obtained. 2. Enzymes are added to skin sample. 3. Individual cells are isolated. 4. Cells are placed on a nutrient medium. 5. Sheets of cells are grown.
What is an organ?
A group of tissues that are working together to carry out a similar function.
What are examples of plant organs?
Stem, Leaves, Flower, Seeds.
What are examples of animal organs?
Heart, Stomach, Lungs, Liver.
What is an organ system?
A group of organs working together to carry out a similar function.
What are examples of organ systems?
Reproductive system, Circulatory system, Digestive system, Nervous system, Endocrine system.
What is an organism?
A group of organ systems working together to carry out a similar function.
What gas is needed for the growth of animal tissue?
Oxygen.
What gas would be produced by animal tissue?
Carbon dioxide.
What type of cell division is involved in tissue culture?
Mitosis.
