Senses 2.0

Question 1

What are the three sections of the ear?

Answer 1

Outer Ear, Middle Ear, Inner Ear

Question 2

What are the components of the Outer Ear?

Answer 2

Pinna, Auditory Canal, Eardrum

Question 3

What is the function of the Pinna?

Answer 3

Collects sound and Channels vibrations from the surrounding area into the ear.

Question 4

What does the Auditory Canal do?

Answer 4

Carries vibrations towards the eardrum.

Question 5

What is the Eardrum?

Answer 5

A tightly stretched membrane that vibrates when stimulated by vibrations in the auditory canal.

Question 6

What are the components of the Middle Ear?

Answer 6

Ossicles (Hammer, Anvil, Stirrup) and the Eustachian tube.

Question 7

What is the function of the Ossicles?

Answer 7

Amplify soft sounds and dampen sounds.

Question 8

How do the Ossicles work?

Answer 8

Vibrations from the eardrum cause them to move, passing vibrations to the oval window.

Question 9

What does the Eustachian tube connect?

Answer 9

Connects the middle ear to the pharynx and throat.

Question 10

What is the function of the Eustachian tube?

Answer 10

Equalises pressure at either side of the eardrum by swallowing or yawning.

Question 11

What are the components of the Inner Ear?

Answer 11

Cochlea, Vestibular canal (Semicircular canals)

Question 12

What is the Cochlea?

Answer 12

A spiral tube lined with cilia that converts vibrations into electrochemical impulses.

Question 13

How do vibrations travel in the Cochlea?

Answer 13

They enter through the oval window and travel through lymph, stimulating hair cells.

Question 14

What does the Vestibular apparatus consist of?

Answer 14

3 circular canals filled with lymph and cilia.

Question 15

What is the function of the Vestibular apparatus?

Answer 15

Controls our balance by sending signals to the cerebellum.

Question 16

How is the ear protected?

Answer 16

By the skull and earwax.

Question 17

What part of the ear produces impulses interpreted as sound?

Answer 17

The cochlea.

Question 18

What is a hearing disorder associated with excess fluid?

Answer 18

Glue ear.

Question 19

Diagram of the ear

Answer 19

Question 20

Why is there three semi circular canals

Answer 20

To control balance in the three planes/ dimensions

Question 21

What are the 5 human senses?

Answer 21

Taste, Touch, Hearing, Sight, Smell.

Question 22

How are our senses processed?

Answer 22

Sense organs contain receptor cells which detect particular stimuli. They change to electrical impulses & are sent to the brain to be processed.

Question 23

What organ and stimuli are associated with touch?

Answer 23

Skin - Temperature, pressure + pain.

Question 24

What organ and stimuli are associated with taste?

Answer 24

Tongue & throat lining - Dissolved chemicals.

Question 25

What organ and stimuli are associated with smell?

Answer 25

Nose - Chemicals in gas state.

Question 26

What organ and stimuli are associated with sight?

Answer 26

Eyes - Light.

Question 27

What organ is associated with hearing?

Answer 27

Ear, also helps with balance - Sound waves.

Question 28

What is the sclera?

Answer 28

The white of the eye. Acts as protection & is the place where external skeletal muscles attach to allow the eye to move.

Question 29

What is the conjunctiva?

Answer 29

Covers the sclera & cornea for protection. Produces some mucus to prevent entry of pathogens.

Question 30

What is the cornea?

Answer 30

Transparent section that allows light to enter.

Question 31

What is the iris?

Answer 31

Coloured part of the eye. Smooth muscle that contracts & relaxes to control the amount of light in the eye.

Question 32

What is the pupil?

Answer 32

Hole in the centre of the iris that allows light into the eye. Appears black as light enters & doesn't leave.

Question 33

What is the aqueous humour?

Answer 33

Watery liquid just inside the cornea that gives shape to the front of the eye.

Question 34

What is the vitreous humour?

Answer 34

Viscous liquid that keeps the shape of the eyeball by causing pressure on the sclera.

Question 35

What is the ciliary muscle?

Answer 35

Controls shape of lens, reflex action.

Question 36

What is the suspensory ligament?

Answer 36

Helps the contraction & relaxation of ciliary muscle.

Question 37

What is the lens?

Answer 37

Transparent structure. Changes shape to allow for accommodation. Held in place by ciliary muscle & suspensory ligaments.

Question 38

What is the choroid?

Answer 38

Prevents internal reflection of light inside the eye. Contains blood vessels that nourish the eye.

Question 39

What does the optic nerve do?

Answer 39

Carries impulses from rods and cones in the retina to the brain.

Question 40

What is the retina?

Answer 40

Light sensitive structure in the eye that contains cones & rods.

Question 41

What is the fovea?

Answer 41

Contains large amount of cones. Provides colour to vision. Vision is best in this spot

Question 42

What structure contains rods & cones?

Answer 42

Retina.

Question 43

What are rods?

Answer 43

Rod shaped, detect black and white light, active in dim light, located all over the retina.

Question 44

What are cones?

Answer 44

Cone shaped, detect colours: Red, blue & green, active in bright light, located all over the fovea.

Question 45

What happens to the iris in bright light?

Answer 45

Iris muscle contracted, reduces pupil size, less light into eye, prevents damage to retina.

Question 46

What happens to the iris in dim light?

Answer 46

Iris muscle relaxed, pupil is relaxed, more light gets into the eye towards the choroid.

Question 47

What happens to the lens when the ciliary muscle is contracted?

Answer 47

Lens becomes more convex, refraction of incoming rays a lot more, occurs when looking close.

Question 48

What happens to the lens when the ciliary muscle is relaxed?

Answer 48

Lens becomes less convex (thinner), less refraction of incoming rays, occurs when looking at distant objects.

Question 49

What are the benefits of having two eyes?

Answer 49

Two eyes allow us to see two images & so the brain receives two images and can negotiate depth.

Question 50

What protects the eye?

Answer 50

Eyelid & eyelashes.

Question 51

What is a hearing disorder associated with fluid in the middle ear?

Answer 51

Glue ear.

Question 52

What causes glue ear?

Answer 52

Too much fluid collecting in the middle ear as a result of a viral infection. Experience a lot of pain & hearing loss as ossicles cannot move properly.

Question 53

What are corrective measures for mild cases of glue ear?

Answer 53

Decongestant drugs will break down the fluid & clear the blockages. It then drains the eustachian tube.

Question 54

What are corrective measures for serious cases of glue ear?

Answer 54

Grommets are placed in eardrums. It allows air to enter the middle ear & forces fluid down the eustachian tube.

Question 55

Diagram of eye

Answer 55

Question 56

Diagram of eye

Answer 56