Virology

Question 1

What should the veterinary technician do when sending out viral samples?

Answer 1

Check with the diagnostic laboratory for a preferred sample and necessary transport medium

Question 2

What do virus’ need?

Answer 2

Living cells to grow and replicate

Question 3

What does a definitive ID of a virus require?

Answer 3

Serologic procedures
In-house tests for viral pathogens
Molecular testing
PCR

Question 4

Where are viruses often present?

Answer 4

Nasal or pharyngeal secreations

Question 5

What samples should be taken when evaluating for viruses?

Answer 5

Mucosal scrapings rather than swabs of the secretions

Question 6

What often complicates viral diseases?

Answer 6

Pathogenic bacteria that can turn into a mild viral infection into a serious disease

Question 7

What samples do you need collect for viral histopathology?

Answer 7

Thin tissues sections placed in 10% formalin or 2x2 inch cubes that contain normal & abnormal tissue

Question 8

Why do refrigerate viral samples and at what temperature?

Answer 8

4 degrees celsius because viral titers decrease as temperature increases

Question 9

If viral samples are delivered within 24 hours what do you do?

Answer 9

Pack with coolant packs or ice in polystyrene-insulated carton for shipment

Question 10

If viral samples are delivered in over 24 hours what do you do?

Answer 10

Snap freeze as -70 degrees celsius and ship on dry ice

Question 11

How should parainfluenza and influenza viruses be shipped?

Answer 11

at -20 degrees celsius

Question 12

What are small tissue pieces, fecal material, or mucus preserved in?

Answer 12

Vials filled with 50% glycol & stored at 4 degrees celsius

Question 13

What is the fixative in scanning electron microscopy

Answer 13

10% buffered neutral formalin added to sample at maximum fixative-to-sample ratio 1:1

Question 14

How do you submit urine samples?

Answer 14

5mls in sterile container and chilled within 24 hours or frozen