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Lab techniques 2 > Immunology: Common Lab Tests > Flashcards

Immunology: Common Lab Tests Flashcards

1
Q

What do immunologic tests look for?

A

Specific infectious agents

Evaluate sensitivity & specificity

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2
Q

Sensitivity

A

-Able to correctly identify all animals that are truly positive for a give reaction procedure
-How much of the antigen or antibody needs to be present before the color change
How sensitive is the test

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3
Q

Specificity

A

Measures the number of false positives produced with a given reaction procedure
Can I determine exactly which protein this is?
Is there any cross reaction with a similar antigen?

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4
Q

Which test has 100% sensitivity & 100% specificity?

A

No test exists

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5
Q

What does the heartworm antigen test need to become positive?

A

A minimum of 3 adult female worms

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6
Q

What sample do nearly all immunologic tests require?

A

Serum or plasma

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7
Q

What sample should not be sent to the diagnostic lab?

A

Whole blood

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8
Q

What route of collection is preferred?

A

Vacutainer to prevent hemolysis
Red top if serum
Lavender top if plasma unless otherwise noted

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9
Q

Who has strict requirements and what must be done carefully and followed

A

The reference laboratories

The directions

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10
Q

How should serologic samples be handled?

A

Clot for 20 to 30 minutes at room tep

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11
Q

How long do you centrifuge serum samples for?

A

10 minutes at 1500 rpms or greater

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12
Q

What sample do you centrifuge immediately after collection?

A

Plasma

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13
Q

What do you pipette?

A

Serum or plasma into a transfer tube and label

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14
Q

Can you freeze the serum or plasma samples?

A

Yes or refrigerate

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15
Q

What is humoral immunity?

A

Antigen/antibody complexes

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16
Q

What are the tests that look for antigen/antibody complexes (humoral immunity)

A

ELISA
CELISA
Latex Agglutination
Rapid Immunomigration & Immunochromatography

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17
Q

ELISA

A

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

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18
Q

What is the most commonly used test in the veterinary practice?

A

ELISA

19
Q

What is an ELISA test?

A

Accurate way to detect specific antigens

viruses, bacteria, parasites, hormones

20
Q

What does the ELISA test test for?

A

Antigen in serum

21
Q

What does the test kit contain?

A

A specific antigen

22
Q

What are some examples of ELISA tests?

A 
Heartworm
Feline leukemia
FIV
Parvo
Progesterone
23
Q

What is bound to the well walls, the test tray or the plastic wand of the ELISA test?

A

Monoclonal antibodies

24
Q

What happens in the ELISA test if the antigen is present?

A

It binds to the antibody & to a second enzyme-labeled antibody

25
Q

What happens if the antigen is present in the patient?

A

The antigen/antibody complexes will form and the enzyme will react and cause a color change

26
Q

What has to happen for the ELISA test to be positive?

A

The antigen needs to be present in the body and the antigen/antibody complexes need to be formed

27
Q

What is another ELISA test option

A

The test contains the specific antigen and then you are looking for the antibody in the sample from the patient

28
Q

What does it mean if the antigen is present?

A

We know it is a current infection

29
Q

What type of ELISA test is run on cats with suspected heartworm disease

A

The antibody test to look for the immune response because they might not have 3 adult female heartworms

30
Q

What is the problem with the ELISA antibody test that contains the antigen?

A

You don’t know if it is a current infection or if they were previously infected

31
Q

CELISA tests

A

Competitive Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

32
Q

What is the CELISA test used for?

A

Equine infectious anemia

33
Q

What does the CELISA test use?

A

Patient antigen

enzyme-labled antigens as well as monoclonal antibodies

34
Q

What varies with antigen concentration?

A

Intensity of color

The more antigen present the more color you get

35
Q

What do we use the Latex agglutination test for?

A

Bovine brucellosis

36
Q

What does Latex agglutination test use?

A

Small, spherical latex particles that are coated with an antigen suspended in water

37
Q

What do the spherical particles do if the antibody is present?

A

Cause clumping

38
Q

RIM

A

Rapid Immunomigration or Immunochromatography

AKA lateral flow immunoassy

39
Q

What do RIM tests use?

A

Colloidal gold, enzymes, and color reagents or agglutinated latex particles

40
Q

What are present in the membrane of the test cassette where the sample is applied?

A

Antibodies

41
Q

Is there rinsing or reagent used in RIM tests?

A

No

42
Q

What do positive RIM results look like?

A

Two areas of color:

The test result and control

43
Q

What are examples of RIM tests

A 
Heska heartworm
Witness FeLV (feline leukemia virus)
44
Q

How does a RIM test different from an ELISA test

A

No diluent is needed, just the sample

Lab techniques 2 (38 decks)

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