VIRO: MEpt2 POXVIRIDAE

Question 1

Describe poxviridae

Answer 1

-enveloped
- largest
-most complex

Question 2

T/F: Are poxviruses pleomorphic?
fq:
-what are the shape of their virions?
-what are the shape of their cores?

Answer 2

True
brick-shaped or ovoid virions
core is dumbbell-shaped

Question 3

What is the long thread-like structures covering poxviruses?

Answer 3

“ball of yarn”

Question 4

What lesions does poxviruses cause?

Answer 4

pox/ pock mark lesions

Question 5

What does pox viruses affects?
how about for skin cells?
What specific cells does it target?

Answer 5

• skin and mucosal surfaces
  -causes tropism
  -keratinocytes

Question 6

where is the replication of poxviruses?

Answer 6

in the cytoplasm

Question 7

what is the compartment in the cytoplasm that poxviruses use for replication?

Answer 7

viral factories

Question 8

Are poxviruses resistant to desiccation?

Answer 8

yes and they can survive dried scabs

Question 9

What are intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies that poxviruses have?

Answer 9

Guarnieri bodies or B-type inclusion bodies

Question 10

T/F poxviruses does not provide lifelong immunity

Answer 10

false, they do

Question 11

What are the diagnostic tests for poxviruses?

Answer 11

PCR, electron microscopy, virus isolation

Question 12

where can poxviruses isolate and grown?

Answer 12

chich embryos and cell cultures

Question 13

What vaccines are available for poxviruses

Answer 13

live- attenuated vaccines

Question 14

It is the causative agent for small pox

Answer 14

variola virus

Question 15

When was variola virus eradicated?

Answer 15

1980

Question 16

pathogenesis of variola virus?

Answer 16

• entry: respiratory droplets/ direct contact
  -spread through mucosa then to lymphatics
  -causes viremia

Question 17

Immunity for variola virus

Answer 17

-lifelong immunity

Question 18

what vaccine is used for variola virus

Answer 18

smallpox vaccine (vaccinia virus)

Question 19

clinical signs of variola virus?

Answer 19

high fever, rash (macules to pustules)

Question 20

Host of variola virus

Answer 20

human

Question 21

Subfamilies of poxviruses?

Answer 21

Chordopoxvirinae,
Entomopoxvirinae

Question 22

genera of chordopoxvirinae

Answer 22

Orthopoxvirus
Parapoxvirus
Avipoxvirus
Capripoxvirus
Leporipoxvirus
Suipoxvirus
Molluscipoxvirus
Yatapoxvirus
Cervidpoxvirus
Crocodylidpoxvirus

Question 23

genera of Entomopoxvirinae

Answer 23

Alphaentomopoxvirus- Infects beetles (Coleoptera)
Betaentomopoxvirus- Infects butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) and grasshoppers and locusts (Orthoptera)
Gammaentomopoxvirus- Infectious mosquitoes,flies,and midges(Diptera)

Question 24

What geus does variola virus belongs to?

Answer 24

Orthopoxvirus

Question 25

used as a human vaccine and can cause naturally spreading diseases in domestic animals

Answer 25

Vaccinia virus

Question 26

Before smallpox was eradicated and human vaccination against it was discontinued, instances of cowpox were frequently caused by?

Answer 26

vaccinia virus infection

Question 27

causes naturally spreading diseases in domestic animals, for example, teat infections of cattle and oral and skin lesions in horses

Answer 27

Vaccinia virus

Question 28

serves as a useful model for laboratory study, providing essential information on mechanisms of viral replication and modulation of host innate immune responses

Answer 28

Vaccinia virus

Question 29

vectored rabies vaccine has been widely used in some enzootic areas to control rabies in wildlife

Answer 29

vaccinia virus

Question 30

Transmission of myxoma virus

Answer 30

respiratory droplets, more often through mechanical transmission by arthropods like mosquitoes, fleas, black flies, ticks, and lice

Question 31

Myxoma virus clinical signs

Answer 31

In European rabbits blepharoconjunctivitis and swelling of the muzzle and anogenital region, giving a leonine appearance

Question 32

Myxoma virus clinical signs in California strain rabbits

Answer 32

may become febrile and listless, often dying within 48 hours of the onset of clinical signs,

Question 33

T/F Myxoma virus causes localized benign fibromas in its natural hosts, wild rabbits in the Americas (Sylvilagus spp.) In contrast, it causes a severe generalized disease (myxomatosis) in European rabbits (O. cuniculus), with a very high mortality rate

Answer 33

True

Question 34

pathogenesis of myxoma virus

Answer 34

- eplicates in dermal cells - spreads to local macrophages, epidermal cells, and the draining lymph node -Replication in the lymph node leads to lymphoid depletion -preads via blood leukocytes to tissues including the spleen, lymphoid tissues, testis, lungs, and skin -epidermis of swollen areas becomes virus-rich, facilitating transmission to arthropods -virus encodes host response modifiers to manipulate the host's immune response, aiding replication and spread

Question 35

In what genus does myxoma virus belongs to?

Answer 35

Leporipoxvirus

Question 36

Clinical Signs of rabbit fibroma virus

Answer 36

-Less virulent viruses and those that infect their natural hosts tend to produce localized fibromatous lesions -virulent isolates tend to produce myxomatous lesions in aberrant Oryctolagus hosts

Question 37

Pathogenesis of rabbit fibroma virus

Answer 37

- Inoculating rabbits with Sylvilagus floridamus papillomavirus type 1 resulted in the development of papillomas that progressed to squamous cell carcinomas

Question 38

T/F Rabbit fibroma virus (or Shope fibroma virus) originated in Europe -Rabbit fibroma virus is related to myxoma virus -Rabbit fibroma virus was the first virus shown to cause tissue hyperplasia

Answer 38

-False, it was first discoverd in america - True -True

Question 39

in what genus does Rabbit fibroma virus belong to?

Answer 39

Leporipoxvirus

Question 40

Reservoir Hosts of cowpox virus?

Answer 40

Rodents are the reservoir hosts

Question 41

Transmission of cowpox virus

Answer 41

- spreads from rodents to domestic cats, cows, humans, and zoo animals

Question 42

Clinical Signs of cowpox

Answer 42

- elephant exhibited disseminated ulcerative lesions of the skin and mucosal membranes -In humans, lesions usually appear as single maculopapular eruptions on the hands, neck, or face with minimal systemic reaction, except in immunosuppressed patients

Question 43

In what genus does cowpox belongs to?

Answer 43

Orthopox viruses

Question 44

affecting cattle of all ages, although the incidence is higher in animals less than 2 years of age

Answer 44

Bovine papular stomatitis

Question 45

Transmission of Bovine papular stomatitis

Answer 45

-direct contact between infected animals can be spread to unprotected hands of people working with affected cattle

Question 46

Clinical Signs of Bovine papular stomatitis

Answer 46

lesions on the muzzle, margins of the lips, the oral mucosa and, less frequently, the teats -ORAL LESIONS!

Question 47

pathogenesis of Bovine papular stomatitis

Answer 47

-Viral entry through skin cuts or abrasions. -Replication in cytoplasm, infects skin cells (keratinocytes). -Lesion development. -Cause inflammation at the site of the lesion. -Spread to other areas of the body. --Can lead to lesions on the teats and udders. -It is self-limiting, meaning it resolves on its own within a few weeks.

Question 48

In what genus does Bovine papular stomatitis belong?

Answer 48

Parapoxvirus

Question 49

Causes swinepox

Answer 49

Swinepox virus

Question 50

Transmission of swinepox virus

Answer 50

pig louse Haematopinus suis (mechanical vector)

Question 51

Genus of swinepox

Answer 51

suipoxvirus

Question 52

Manifested by nodular skin lesions and edema

Answer 52

Lumpy skin disease

Question 53

a highly contagious disease that affects cattle and water buffalo, causing fever, skin nodules, swelling, and weight loss

Answer 53

Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV)

Question 54

Genus of Lumpy Skin Disease Virus (LSDV)

Answer 54

cervidpoxvirs

Question 55

Transmission of fowlpox

Answer 55

transmitted within a flock through minor wounds and abrasions, by fighting and pecking, mechanically by mosquitoes, lice, and ticks, and possibly by aerosols

Question 56

two forms of fowlpox virus

Answer 56

cutaneous form and diphtheritic form

Question 57

Clinical signs observed in Cutaneous form

Answer 57

Small papules on the comb, wattles, and around the beak. ◦Lesions occasionally develop on the legs and feet and around the cloaca. ◦Nodules become yellowish and progress to a thick dark scab. ◦Multiple lesions often coalesce. ◦Involvement of the skin around the nares may cause nasal discharge. ◦Lesions on the eyelids can cause excessive lacrimation and predispose poultry to secondary bacterial infections

Question 58

Clinical signs observed in Diphtheritic form

Answer 58

◦Involves infection of the mucous membranes of the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, and sometimes the trachea. ◦Lesions coalesce, resulting in a necrotic pseudomembrane, which can cause death by asphyxiation. ◦This form is also referred to as the wet form of fowlpox. ◦The diphtheritic form is more difficult to diagnose because it can occur in the absence of skin lesions

Question 59

This form is also referred to as the wet form of fowlpox

Answer 59

Diphtheritic form

Question 60

orf virus host

Answer 60

sheep and goats

Question 61

other names for Orf virus

Answer 61

contagious ecthyma of sheep, contagious pustular stomatitis, contagious pustular dermatitis, scabby mouth, sore mouth

Question 62

clinical sign of pseudocowpox

Answer 62

Produces with ring or horseshoe-shaped scabs in the udder and teats

Question 63

T/F psuedocowpox virus is not zoonotic. - what does it cause?

Answer 63

F, they are zoonotic -it causes Milker's nodules