PATHO LEC: Me MODULE 5 Flashcards
This process replaces injured tissue with cells of the same type.
Regeneration
The process where damaged tissue is replaced by fibrous connective tissue.
Connective tissue replacement
These cells continuously proliferate throughout life and replace destroyed cells.
Labile cells
Cells that replicate at low levels but can divide rapidly when stimulated.
Stable cells
Cells that do not replicate significantly after birth, including neurons and cardiac muscle.
Permanent cells
The type of repair that predominates when permanent cells are damaged.
Connective tissue replacement
The specialized tissue composed of fibroblasts and new blood vessels during healing.
Granulation tissue
The process by which new blood vessels form from pre-existing vessels.
Angiogenesis or neovascularization
This growth factor is found in platelets and stimulates fibroblast and smooth muscle proliferation.
Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)
This growth factor stimulates fibroblast proliferation and angiogenesis.
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)
The first step in angiogenesis, involving degradation of the basement membrane.
Enzymatic degradation of parent vessel
The excessive formation of granulation tissue that prevents re-epithelialization.
Proud flesh (exuberant granulation)
An overproduction of collagen leading to large, bulging scars.
Keloid formation
The type of healing where wounds are closed with minimal tissue loss and contamination.
First intention healing (primary union)
A type of healing that occurs with large tissue loss and results in wound contraction.
Second intention healing (secondary union)
The phenomenon where specialized fibroblasts reduce the size of a wound.
Wound contraction by myofibroblasts
The process of collagen accumulation and regression of excess blood vessels in healing.
Blanching of the wound
The fundamental unit of collagen that provides tensile strength to wounds.
Tropocollagen
The vitamin necessary for collagen hydroxylation and wound healing.
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
A genetic disorder resulting in hyperextensible skin and hypermobile joints due to collagen defects.
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS)
A genetic disorder affecting collagen cross-linking, leading to skeletal, skin, and vascular defects.
Marfan’s Syndrome
The percentage of unwounded skin strength retained in a sutured wound immediately after surgery.
0.7
The percentage of original wound strength after suture removal at one week.
0.1
The final percentage of wound tensile strength reached after 3-4 months.
70-80%
A dietary deficiency that leads to inadequate collagen production and weak wound healing.
Protein deficiency
A systemic disease known to slow wound healing by impairing collagen production.
Diabetes mellitus
A category of fractures occurring in diseased bones.
Pathological fractures
A fracture where only one side of the bone cortex is broken, common in children.
Greenstick fracture
A fracture with multiple bone fragments.
Comminuted fracture
A fracture where the broken bone pierces through the skin.
Compound fracture
A fracture where the bone breaks into two large pieces without breaking the skin.
Simple fracture
The process of realigning fractured bone ends.
Reducing the fracture
The initial blood clot that forms around a fracture site.
Hematoma
The early fibroblastic structure that forms around a fracture before bone formation.
Soft tissue callus
The intermediate stage of fracture healing where bone and cartilage begin forming.
Provisional callus (procallus)
The final phase of fracture healing where new bone predominates.
Osseous callus
A permanent flexible union between fractured bone ends due to inadequate fixation.
False joint (pseudoarthrosis)
The most serious complication of bone healing.
Infection
