PATHO LEC: ME MODULE 2 Flashcards
This cellular adaptation is an increase in cell size due to increased workload or stimulation.
Hypertrophy
This adaptation involves an increase in cell number due to increased demand or hormonal stimulation.
Hyperplasia
A type of cellular adaptation where one differentiated cell type is replaced by another.
Metaplasia
This occurs when a cell shrinks due to loss of cell substance.
Atrophy
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in a cell leads to this type of cell death.
Apoptosis
A type of cell death characterized by cell swelling, membrane rupture, and inflammation.
Necrosis
This term describes the irreversible condensation of chromatin in a dying cell.
Pyknosis
This process occurs when the nucleus fragments into smaller pieces in a necrotic cell.
Karyorrhexis
This nuclear change in necrosis involves complete dissolution of the chromatin.
Karyolysis
A type of necrosis commonly seen in hypoxic injury, particularly in the heart and kidneys.
Coagulative necrosis
This necrosis occurs in the brain due to enzymatic digestion of dead tissue.
Liquefactive necrosis
A form of necrosis associated with tuberculosis, giving tissue a cheese-like appearance.
Caseous necrosis
This necrosis occurs in adipose tissue due to lipase activity.
Fat necrosis
A type of necrosis associated with severe bacterial infections, often in the limbs.
Gangrenous necrosis
This type of gangrene is characterized by bacterial infection and foul-smelling pus.
Wet gangrene
A form of gangrene without bacterial infection, usually due to ischemia.
Dry gangrene
This type of cellular adaptation occurs due to chronic irritation and leads to squamous tissue replacement.
Metaplasia
The response of cells to injury that allows them to survive in a new environment.
Adaptation
The process where injured cells swell due to failure of ion pumps.
Cellular swelling
An adaptation seen in cells undergoing chronic injury, leading to excessive deposits of intracellular substances.
Intracellular accumulations
This pigment accumulates in aging cells as a result of lipid peroxidation.
Lipofuscin
This abnormal accumulation occurs due to excessive iron storage in tissues.
Hemosiderosis
This adaptation describes an increase in cell size without cell division.
Hypertrophy
An example of physiologic hypertrophy due to increased workload.
Cardiac hypertrophy in athletes
An example of pathologic hypertrophy due to chronic stress.
Left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension
The adaptation where tissue growth ceases due to genetic control mechanisms.
Growth arrest
This condition results from chronic cell injury and leads to fibrosis in tissues.
Pathologic adaptation
A cellular response to injury that leads to the formation of new blood vessels.
Angiogenesis
