PATHO LEC: ME MODULE 3 Flashcards
The term for the death of a cell or group of cells in contact with living tissue.
Necrosis
A type of necrosis in which tissue architecture is preserved, with a firm, opaque appearance.
Coagulative necrosis
A type of necrosis that occurs rapidly, resulting in tissue disintegration into a liquid mass.
Liquefactive necrosis
This form of necrosis presents with a ‘cheese-like’ appearance and is associated with tuberculosis.
Caseous necrosis
A distinctive form of necrosis involving adipose tissue, often in the pancreas or subcutaneous fat.
Fat necrosis
A type of necrosis that results from severe ischemia and bacterial invasion, often in extremities.
Gangrenous necrosis
A type of gangrene that occurs without bacterial infection, usually due to ischemia.
Dry gangrene
A form of gangrene associated with bacterial infection, leading to putrefaction and swelling.
Wet gangrene
A type of gangrene caused by Clostridium species, producing gas in necrotic tissues.
Gas gangrene
This cellular change in necrosis involves the irreversible condensation of chromatin.
Pyknosis
The fragmentation of a necrotic cell’s nucleus into smaller pieces.
Karyorrhexis
The complete dissolution of chromatin in a necrotic cell.
Karyolysis
This pigment accumulates in aging cells as a result of lipid peroxidation.
Lipofuscin
This condition occurs when calcium salts are deposited in dead or dying tissues.
Dystrophic calcification
A process where calcium is deposited in normal tissues due to hypercalcemia.
Metastatic calcification
This bacterial species produces toxins that can induce coagulative necrosis.
Fusobacterium necrophorum
A condition involving coagulation of muscle proteins, occurring only in striated muscle.
Zenker’s necrosis
The necrotic process in which activated pancreatic enzymes degrade fat.
Enzymatic fat necrosis
The term for necrosis caused by physical trauma in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
Traumatic fat necrosis
A laboratory stain used to confirm calcium deposits in necrotic tissue.
Von Kossa stain
A lesion caused by pyogenic bacteria resulting in localized liquefactive necrosis.
Abscess
A microscopic feature of liquefactive necrosis, often filled with neutrophils and tissue debris.
Pus
This intracellular process releases lysosomal enzymes that contribute to liquefactive necrosis.
Autolysis
A diagnostic indicator where cholesterol accumulates within necrotic tissue, appearing as empty spaces.
Cholesterol clefts
The type of cells responsible for removing necrotic debris through phagocytosis.
Macrophages and neutrophils
The outcome of necrotic tissue when it is slowly digested and removed by immune cells.
Liquefaction and resorption
A common cause of coagulative necrosis due to lack of oxygen supply.
Ischemia (Infarct)
This term describes the process where dead cells leak intracellular enzymes into circulation.
Enzyme release in necrosis
A clinical condition where extensive necrosis in the heart leads to decreased function.
Myocardial infarction
This type of necrosis occurs in the brain due to high lipid content and low coagulable protein.
Liquefactive necrosis
A medical condition associated with extensive caseous necrosis in the lungs.
Tuberculosis
The primary microscopic feature of caseous necrosis.
Amorphous granular debris with no cell outlines
A microscopic stain used to identify cholesterol clefts in necrotic tissue.
Alizarin Red-S stain
The common gross appearance of caseous necrosis.
Grayish-white, dry, and cheese-like
The type of necrosis most commonly associated with fungal infections.
Caseous necrosis
This process is the final step in removing necrotic tissue from the body.
Phagocytosis and resorption
A key distinguishing feature of dystrophic calcification in necrotic tissue.
Normal blood calcium levels with local deposits
A biochemical marker that increases in blood when cells undergo necrosis.
Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
Question
Answer
This type of liquefaction occurs when fluid accumulates faster than it is drained away.
Cyst-like accumulation of fluid
This form of liquefaction is caused by pyogenic bacteria, leading to pus formation.
Abscess formation
When necrotic tissue remains in place and is surrounded by fibrous connective tissue, this occurs.
Encapsulation without liquefaction
The process where necrotic tissue separates from viable tissue on a body surface.
Desquamation or Sloughing
The process of replacing lost necrotic cells with cells of the same kind.
Regeneration
This term describes the replacement of necrotic cells by fibrous connective tissue.
Scar tissue formation
Cell death that occurs as part of normal cellular turnover without harming the host.
Necrobiosis
This postmortem change refers to self-digestion by enzymes after death.
Postmortem autolysis
A type of necrosis that occurs before death in response to an injurious agent.
Antemortem necrosis
This term refers to the death of the entire body when all organ functions cease.
Somatic death
A key difference between necrosis and postmortem autolysis is the absence of this reaction.
Inflammatory response
The postmortem change where bacterial enzymes decompose tissues.
Postmortem putrefaction
This postmortem phenomenon causes stiffening of muscles after death.
Rigor mortis
The postmortem process where the body temperature equilibrates with the environment.
Algor mortis
The accumulation of blood in the ventral portions of the body after death.
Hypostatic congestion
The staining of tissues due to hemoglobin leakage from lysed red blood cells.
Imbibition with hemoglobin
This postmortem change occurs when bile leaks from the gallbladder and stains adjacent tissue.
Imbibition with bile
The postmortem formation of a gray, green, or black pigment due to bacterial hydrogen sulfide production.
Pseudomelanosis
The postmortem accumulation of gas in tissues due to bacterial fermentation.
Postmortem emphysema
When gases produced by bacterial fermentation cause organ rupture, this occurs.
Postmortem rupture
This postmortem change involves the movement of organs due to rolling or handling of the body.
Postmortem displacement of organs
The coagulation of blood in vessels and the heart after death.
Postmortem clotting of blood
The term for smooth, shiny, and uniform clots that are unattached to the vessel wall.
Postmortem clots (chicken fat or currant jelly clots)
This type of clot occurs before death and is friable, dull, and attached to the vessel wall.
Antemortem thrombus
This postmortem change in the heart causes strong contraction and emptying of the left ventricle.
Rigor mortis in the heart
This condition occurs when necrotic tissue is digested and removed by phagocytes.
Liquefaction and resorption
A term used for bacterial invasion of necrotic tissue, leading to further degradation.
Gangrenous necrosis
The postmortem event where hemolyzed blood stains the endocardium and blood vessels.
Postmortem hemoglobin imbibition
A postmortem event where body gases cause bloating and organ displacement.
Postmortem bloating
This type of necrosis is a combination of coagulative and liquefactive necrosis.
Caseous necrosis
A term used for necrosis occurring in adipose tissue, often in the pancreas.
Fat necrosis
This condition describes when calcium salts are deposited in necrotic tissue.
Dystrophic calcification
A term describing calcium deposition in normal tissue due to hypercalcemia.
Metastatic calcification
A sign of necrotic tissue where cholesterol deposits form characteristic empty spaces.
Cholesterol clefts
The term used for bacteria that produce large amounts of gas within necrotic tissue.
Clostridium species (Gas gangrene)
This necrotic process involves enzymatic digestion leading to rapid tissue liquefaction.
Liquefactive necrosis
A defining characteristic of coagulative necrosis, seen in the heart and kidneys.
Preserved tissue architecture with acidophilic cytoplasm
A type of necrosis commonly seen in bacterial infections and abscess formation.
Liquefactive necrosis
